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The University of Dodoma Institutional Repository (UDOMIR) is a collection of full text documents and works by staff, researchers and students of the university. The documents include: books, theses, dissertations, journal articles, conference papers, working papers, reports and other works.
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The influence of social competence on the types of entrepreneurial networks formed by small and medium enterprises (SMEs): empirical evidence from Tanzania‟ s manufacturing SMEs
(The University of Dodoma, 2019) John, Elia; Mwakalobo, Adam. B. S.; Benges, Kenneth M.K.
This study examined the influence of five dimensions of social competence namely social perception, social adaptability, social expressiveness, impression management, and persuasiveness on the types of entrepreneurial networks formed by SMEs. Types of entrepreneurial networks are social networks, business networks, and supporting networks. To achieve this objective the study adopted a cross-sectional study design where by data were collected from manufacturing SMEs in Tanzania in four types of sub-sectors viz food processing, woodwork, ironwork, and textile. 250 SMEs were selected through stratified random sampling procedure. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data in a survey from owner- managers of these SMEs. Statistical analysis included factor and Poisson regression model. The study findings identify and indicate that a number of social competence dimensions have a significant influence on networks formation. These findings suggest that social competence is influential in determining the type and size of entrepreneurial networks formed by SMEs.
Integrating customary land tenure through the statutory land tenure system in Tanzania: the case of the Iringa and Babati land formalization process
(CRC Press, 2020) Kabigi, B.; de Vries, W. T.; Kelvin, H.
Land formalization has increasingly been recognized as among the strategies for fostering land tenure security. The chapter generally assesses the extent to which customary land tenure has been integrated into the statutory system. Specifically, it evaluates the extent to which customary land ownership has been integrated into statutory systems. It examines the extent to which this integration empowers village governments to plan and administer village land. The chapter further assesses the ways in which the integration reduces land disputes and improves information management. Data were collected in Babati and Iringa districts through questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and observation. The chapter shows that integration occurs through recognized use of customary procedures of land allocation, conflict settlements, ownership, and use according to the Land Act 1999 and the policy of 1995. It also shows that although village governments are involved in formalization, the central government still has the supreme power in planning. Moreover, platforms for conflict settlements have been legalized, although they have not contributed to smart land governance. Technology is still old, and procedures are not accurate and are characterized by personal information errors. To achieve smart land management, improvements in formalization needs to encompass smart procedures, smart people, smart technology, and laws.
Report on a vulnerability and adaptation assessment of climate change impacts on human health and water sector in Tanzania.
(WHO, 2015) Muzuka, A. N. N.; Mpolya, E.; Chacha, M.; Shaghude, Y.; Tarimo, T. M.; Dubi, A.; Kiwango, W.; Ezekiel, M. J.
The main objective of the present work was to undertake assessment on vulnerability and adaptation to climate change impacts on populations in water and health sectors in Tanzania. The assessment had eight (8) specific objectives namely: (1) To establish the association between climate change and four priority health issues (i.e. nutrition; vector borne diseases; disasters; and water related diseases); defining the magnitude and distribution (in spatial and temporal scale) of vulnerability; (2) To describe risks posed by climate change for the water and health sector and develop recommendations for key national strategies and sectoral programming; (3) To assess impacts of climate change on water availability and quality, and its implications on health and rural WASH services (considering both quantity and quality issues) in order to inform investment in Water Safety Plans and other WASH programmes; (4) To establish baseline health conditions and risk factors which can be monitored overtime to observe additional impacts of climate change on health; (5) To describe the policy landscape and opportunities available to bridge, converge, and unite efforts under a climate strategy for health; (6) To identify research needs and information gaps in relation to the impacts of climate change on health; (7) To describe the health sector existing capacities and adaptation needs in relation to climate information; and (8) To assess current practices of health professionals to access, interpret and apply climate information in the design and implementation of nutrition, disease control and emergency preparedness programmes. In achieving these specific objectives the study was carried out in Ilala district (representing hot humid coastal plain climatic zone), Mbeya (temperate highland climatic zone), Nyamangana (Mwanza Region, representing high-moist lake zone), and Loliondo (Arusha; representing arid-semiarid climatic zone). Other sites were Kigoma Ujiji Municipal Council in Kigoma region and Kongwa (Dodoma Region) which in addition to climatic zones are pilot sites for Climate Resilient Water Safety Plan (CRWSP) Various data sets were collected including (i) Monthly meteorological data for a period of 30 years, (ii) stream flow, and water levels from gauged rivers within the Rufiji, Wami-Ruvu and Malagarasi river basins. These data were used to assess climate change impact and vulnerability in water sector and Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) program. Similarly, lake levels fluctuation for the Lake Tanganyika for the past 30 years were used to assess impact of climate change on water resources. Furthermore, health data on morbidity and mortality from climate related diseases archived through the Health Management Information System (HMIS) and at various district and regional hospitals in conjunction with meteorological, demographic and socioeconomic data, and information on floods and droughts were used to assess vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in health sector. Also review of policy landscape and opportunities available to bridge, converge, and unite efforts under a climate strategy for health was undertaken. In addition to data from the above mentioned districts and municipalities, various data at regional level on health, water and WASH programme covering all regions were collected from the Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children (MoHCDGEC), and Government Open Data Portal (http://opendata.go.tz/).
Determinants of health insurance services provision: lessons from Accredited Drugs Dispensing Outlets (ADDOs)
(Korean Society of Global Health, 2022) Mlenge, Gallen P.; Mwinuka, Lutengano
Background:
Healthcare as a social service has growing demand by the majority of citizens including employees from all sectors and informal sector workers. A health insurance scheme is vital. The participation of the non-state actors in delivering health services is inevitable to address inefficiencies associated with accessibility, convenience and financing mechanisms. This paper assesses the socioeconomic factors affecting the response of the non-state entity—Accredited Drugs Dispensing Outlets (ADDOs) in providing the healthcare services to the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) members. Lessons were derived from the led district, Kilombero, in Tanzania.
Methods:
A multi-stage sampling technique was employed in the study for selecting location and respondents. A sample of 141 ADDOs was used to represent those providing NHIF services and those who were not. A Likert scale and logistic regression model were used to examine the attitude and the odds ratio of a non-state actor to provide NHIF services, respectively.
Results:
The results on overall attitude revealed that NHIF should use market prices to reimburse ADDOs without delays. Capital size at P < 0.05 was a strong predictor of ADDOs providing good health insurance services. Moreover, ADDOs owners’ level of education and their business location were not good predictors of ADDOs to provide required health insurance services at P > 0.05.
Conclusion:
The non-state actor through ADDOs has the potentials to improve health service provision in the country. This is possible through improvement in information sharing regarding NHIF service provision, availability of grants for business capital expansions, review of laws, rules and regulations that govern the operations of NHIF and ADDOs. Informal sector workers can also be part of beneficiaries to acquire health insurance services through ADDOs
Farm size and productive efficiency: lessons from Mbinga coffee farmers
(International Journals of Multidisciplinary Research Academy, 2013) Lutengano, Mwinuka
Productive efficiency measurement is very important both in developed and developing agriculture and its roles are widely recognized by farmers, researchers and policy markers. This study attempted not only to investigate on the farm size and productivity relationship debate which has not gone through a complete circle in Tanzania but also find out whether inefficiency resource use by farmers is a problem or not. The study revealed that, mean level of profit efficiency was 52.4% which implied that an estimated 47.6% of the profit was lost due to a combination of both technical and allocative inefficiency in coffee production. The efficiency difference were explained largely by household size, farmer's experience, age of coffee trees, education level, extension services, capital amounts, and time used by a farmer to move from one coffee farm to another. It was concluded that very small and small size farms were associated with more profit-loss compared to medium size farms. It is recommended that farmers should increase their farm size at least to medium farms of more than 1 262 coffee trees in order to increase coffee farm efficiency hence profit.