Browsing by Author "Katonge, Jackson H."

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    Assessment of land use changes adjacent to lake Babati using GIS and remote sensing
    (The University of Dodoma, 2013) Katonge, Jackson H.
    The study assessed the Land use changes adjacent to Lake Babati using Geographic information system and remote sensing. Specifically, the study assessed the negative impacts associated with anthropogenic activities to the lake, land use changes adjacent to the lake between years 2000 and 2011 and examined the strengths and weaknesses of the ongoing management of the Lake. Villages studied were Babati Majengo, Singe and Bagara Ziwani. Data were collected using Geographic information system and remote sensing techniques, questionnaire survey, Key informant information and physical field visit. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 was used to analyze data. Results indicate that, negative impacts to the Lake due to anthropogenic activities prevailing in the study area were mainly encroachment, over-fishing, soil erosion and siltation. Land use changes have occurred in all study villages for all zones such as cultivation, grazing and residence. On average, cultivation and residence zones increased by 3.1% and 4.9% respectively in the study area between 2000 and 2011 while grazing zone decreased by 5.3% in the study area during those years. The major strengths of lake Babati management include forest conservation along the riparian zone, law enforcement and provision of environmental education. The main weaknesses undermining the ongoing conservation strategies of lake Babati were poor community participation and lack of proper land use plan that should allocate appropriate area for each land use category. The study concludes that, the noted land use changes between 2000 and 2011are mainly due to unsustainable human practices and has induced much pressure on the lake and its resources. Therefore, appropriate measures including involvement of relevant stakeholders’ particularly local communities in lake management should betaken.
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    Quality of drinking water used by communities in selected villages from Iringa rural, Kongwa and Mufindi districts, Tanzania
    (African Journals Online (AJOL), 2023) Katonge, Jackson H.; Makupa, Enock E.
    Drinking water quality was assessed in selected villages from Kongwa, Mufindi and Iringa rural districts between March and August 2020. Ten villages from three districts were involved in the study: Kongwa (4 villages), Iringa rural (3 villages), and Mufindi (3 villages). Methods used in data gathering were observation, in-situ, and ex-situ measurement of water parameters. A total of 150 samples were collected from different water sources (a bore hole, a well, a spring, and a river) and analyzed using standard methods. Results show that the minimum and maximum values of dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, calcium, magnesium, fluoride, nitrate, and hardness were 3.35-9.62, 0.52-1.93, 4.40-8.28, 13.0-2000 mg/L, 0.47–31.6 NTU, 0.41-1.32 mg/L, 0.25-1.35 mg/L, 0.02-1.02 mg/L, 1.30-167 mg/L, and 0.68-216 mg/L, respectively. TDS (2000 mg/L) and nitrate (167 mg/L) were significantly higher than WHO guideline values in some villages from different sources. Further results indicated that 3 out of 17 sampling sites had Escherichia coli, indicating fecal contamination. Higher levels of physical-chemical parameters and microbial contamination observed are of health concern and call for mitigation measures. The study recommends regular water testing, monitoring its quality, treating source points, and providing education to communities surrounding the water sources.
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    Status of livestock water quality and digestive upsets in Babati and Burunge areas, Northern Tanzania
    (African Journals Online (AJOL), 2023) Katonge, Jackson H.
    This study investigated the quality of water used by ruminants and pseudo-ruminants in six communities living adjacent to two inland  lakes in Manyara region, northern Tanzania. Water sampling included 20 samples from each village (n=120 for 6 villages) followed by  laboratory analysis using ISO 5667 standard methods. 480 livestock were examined (n=80 for each village) for digestive upsets. Results  for water quality were compared to those of WHO guidelines for livestock drinking water. Physical and chemical parameters for some  areas were within acceptable limits except the levels of turbidity (10.88±11.97 NTU, 8.67±11.97 NTU), calcium (550.00±22.19 mg/L,  842.00±70.15 mg/L), chloride (1940±63.90 mg/L, 3380±135.65 mg/L), ammonium (5.94±0.42 mg/L, 6.79±0.58 mg/L), nitrate (113.62±10.64  mg/L, 71.16±12.92 mg/L, and hardness (1372.00±106.96 mg/L, 1280±75.27 mg/L) for Babati and Burunge areas respectively. Total coliform  (3500 CFU, 2650 CFU) and Escherichia coli (167/100 ml, 192/100 ml) were counted for Babati and Burunge area respectively.  Burunge area recorded higher cases of digestive upsets (53.8%) compared to Babati area (46.2%). There were no statistical differences in  digestive upsets between the two Babati and Burunge areas (p=0.8246). A correlation analysis revealed a significant linear association between water quality measures and digestive upsets for diarrhoea (p= 0.001694, r > 0.5) and other factors (p= 0.000158, r > 0.5). In order  to minimize livestock digestive upsets associated with poor water quality, communities in these areas should avoid excessive use of  fertilizers that would increase nitrate levels, as well as prohibit anthropogenic activities taking place close to water sources.