Conference Proceedings

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    Russia and Tanzania: Bilateral trade relation analysis
    (Future Academy, 2018) Patturi, Ya. V.; Maskaeva, A. I.
    The article analyzes the development of trade relations between Russia and Tanzania in 2010-2017, defining the Tanzania’s contribution to Russia’s foreign trade, the dynamics and commodity structure of mutual export and import of the two countries, the degree of intensity of trade relations, factors hindering the development of trade, and perspective directions of diversification of bilateral trade and economic relations. The assessment of promising sectors of the economy for the development of mutually beneficial trade with Russia is carried out using the Tanzania Social Accounting Matrix, according to which export and import-oriented sectors and its subsectors were identified, including the analysis of the main factors of production contributing to the formation of their gross value added. An insufficient level of capital utilization in the industrial sector of the Tanzanian economy explains the low degree of industrialization of the leading branches of industry and high share of imports in trade operations. The commodity structure of Russian-Tanzanian exports and imports by types and certain categories of priority goods, as well as product groups, which characterize the highest rates of growth and decrease in the trade turnover between the countries in 2015-2017 are revealed. According to the results of the analysis, there is a mutually beneficial trade and economic strategic cooperation between Russia and Tanzania, which involves optimizing the commodity-specific structure of trade, increasing Russia’s investment activity in the extractive industries, chemical industry, agriculture, engineering, etc., as well as in the field of educational, transport, tourist and other services in Tanzania.
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    Tax instruments for Tanzania's industrialization growth
    (Future Academy, 2019) Maskaeva, A.; Mmasa, J.; Lema, N.; Mgeni, M.
    Tanzanian government aims to reshape the economy into a semi-industrialized nation by 2025. As a policy measure to support this reform, the government exempted producer capital commodities from value-added tax in 2017/2018 fiscal year. This aims to foster utilization of these commodities in the manufacturing sector in order to generate economic growth, employment, and social well-being of the nation. This research examines the impact of macroeconomic fiscal instruments on the Tanzanian economy, by applying a static “Partnership for Economic Policy1-1”standard Computable General Equilibrium model. We simulate a reduction of the value-added tax rate on producer capital commodities (electricity, machinery, electrical equipment, vehicles, and other equipment) under two different government closure rules. In the first simulation, government expenditures are fixed while government savings are flexible and adjust to changes in government revenue. Results show a decline in investment expenditure following a decrease in government savings and thus a negative impact on macroeconomic indicators. In the second simulation, government savings are fixed to maintain the budget deficit. The results show a decline in real Gross Domestic Product partly because of a decrease in output in governmental, some agricultural and service sectors. Conversely, output increases for all manufacturing sectors, resulting in lower the average unemployment rate.
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    The influence of electronic tax administration system on taxpayers’ voluntary compliance in Tanzania
    (St. John's University of Tanzania, 2021) Chindengwike, James D; Kira, Alex R
    The objective of this study was to examine the influence of electronic tax administration system on taxpayers’ voluntary compliance in Tanzania. To attain this objective qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used whereby survey research design techniques of data compilation method were used. Both primary data and secondary data were involved in the form of interviews, document reviews and survey. Systematic and unsystematic random sampling and purposive sampling was used as sampling procedures in the study, this study involved with the sample size of 99 respondents from SMEs‘taxpayer in Dodoma Regions. The findings of the study showed that there is influence of electronic tax administration system on taxpayers’ voluntary compliance with P-value 0.002; Indicating the presence of the good electronic tax administration improve taxpayers' voluntary compliance while absence electronic tax administration system led to taxpayers’ poor voluntary tax compliance .The study recommended that the cost of electronic devices to be barred by tax authorities and the outsourced companies undertaking the devices’, repair and maintenance should offer affordable rates to SMEs taxpayers.
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    Competitiveness of currently practiced and alternative cotton production methods in Meatu district, Tanzania.
    (AgEcon Search, 2021) Baha, M.; Henningsen, A.; Elleby, C.; Mlay, G.
    The differences between organic and conventional farming though well documented but it is not conclusive. At some point in terms of yield conventional farming is re garded better off compared to the organic farming(Reganold and Wachter, 2016). Or ganic farming is fairing well when environmental, nutritional and economic factors are taken into consideration(Eyhorn et al., 2005; Bolwig et al., 2009). Conversely the differences between organic and conventional farming are also determined by the way the crop is grown and managed. According to(Reganold and Dobermann, 2012) the two practices may decide the fate of the differences in yield between organic and conventional farming. This paper analyses and compare the competitiveness of var ious currently practiced and alternative (conventional and organic) cotton production methods and farming practices in Meatu district of Tanzania.
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    Conditional cash transfer programs; compliance to health conditions in Tanzania
    (Springer International Publishing, 2022) Rukiko, M. D.; Mwakalobo, A. B. S.; Mmasa, J. J.
    Purpose: This study employed logistic regression in three selected regions in Tanzania namely Dodoma, Singida and Kagera to test the predisposing, enabling and need factors in CCT design and implementation to see how they influence conditions compliance. Methodology: The study used secondary data from TASAF PSSN from 2014 to 2019 where compliance with health conditions was a dependent variable. Findings: At 95% CI, the odds ratio ranged from 0.978 for location (District) to 1.74 for PMT whilst some were significant and others were not. Changing the original location to the other decreases the likelihood to comply as well as the poorer and those with chronic illness – similar to the money given in the higher months of the year. Differently, aged members and male members have shown to have higher likelihood to comply than their counterpart beneficiaries. Practical implication: The study concludes that punishments for noncompliance have to re-consider the nature of the factors, whether they are in favour of or against facilitating compliance. Although some beneficiaries agree that penalties invites compliance, this paper suggests penalties to be imposed carefully otherwise the absolute use of the penalties becomes counterproductive in changing behaviour, attainment of the programmes objectives and finally poverty reduction. Originality/Value: Policy makers, designers and implementers of CCT will be informed of the key areas that affects compliance positively or negatively and be able to make design and implementation decisions based on the factors that influences CCT conditions compliance.
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    Accounting for environmental resources in Tanzania
    (2022) Bilame, Odass
    This paper has gone a long way to shedding light on how Tanzania accounts for environmental/natural resources destruction in the calculation of the national income or GDP with a view to avoiding an ecological/biodiversity bankruptcy and in so doing attaining greener economic growth. Green growth is nothing more than growth that improves the welfare of both current and future generations and that acknowledges the social costs and benefits of growth and its distributional implications in both the short and the long run. To say the least, Tanzania has not been taking into account environmental/natural resource destruction in the calculation of the national income. Economic growth that has been sustained by Tanzania has not been green growth, since it has been attained at the expense of environment/natural resources destruction, for which, no deductions of the cost to the environmental resources have not been made. Failure to account properly for the natural resource destruction that occurs in the process of national income generation makes the GNP unrealistic. Under such a scenario where omissions of environmental destruction in the calculation of the national income make the country an ecological bankrupt, even if its GDP may be rising is unrealistic.