Social Sciences

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Accessibility of infrastructure for students with disabilities on performance and psychology in government secondary schools: a case study of Ilala municipality
(The University of Dodoma, 2017) Bakari, Mohamed Mohamed
This study aimed at assessing the state of accessibility of infrastructures for students with disabilities and how they influence academic performance and psychological responses in government secondary schools. Ilala Municipality being a case study. It was conducted in Benjamin William Mkapa High School, Jangwani and Pugu Secondary Schools in July-August 2017. The study applied both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection, presentation and analysis. Questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussion, participant observation and internet review were preferred. Sampling methods were purposive (quota sampling) for study areas, and interviewee selection. Sample size was obtained by using a research sample size calculator for questionnaire respondents and reaching saturation point for interview respondents. Results have shown that, there is inadequate infrastructures for students with disabilities and those available are not in immaculate condition. Furthermore lack of adequate and quality infrastructures had contributed to bad academic performance to students with disabilities. Bad conditioned and inadequate infrastructural facilities directly contributed to negative psychological responses. From the study findings, it is suggested that Government should rethink on building design that could accommodate the needs of students with disabilities, instead of adopting special education system in schools that were not primarily constructed for students with disabilities the government should at least build one special needs secondary school in every region or zones, it should also provide enough special education personnel and capacity building, teachers seminars on teacher-student relationship and follow up should be a must thing, schools system should take direct measures on infrastructural related things that could smoothen learning environment, health and psychology that are within their range.
Assessment of academic performance in secondary schools in Tanzania: a case of secondary schools in Dodoma municipality
(The University of Dodoma, 2017) Magoma, Tija
The study focused on academic performance in secondary schools in Tanzania taking as a case study of selected secondary schools in Dodoma Municipality. The general objective of this study was to explore factors contributing to academic performance of secondary schools students in Dodoma Municipality. A sample of one hundred (100) respondents was selected, data was collected through questionnaires, interview and documentary review. Data were analyzed by using qualitatively, quantitatively and documentary review. The study found out that the factors that affect academic performance of secondary schools in the study area were availability of classrooms, parental level of income, availability of textbooks, parental level of Education, students/teachers ratio, syllabus coverage, presence of a well-stocked library, students/teachers motivation, students/teachers contact hours, school location far distance from home, truancy and (social networks ) existing of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and WhatsApp. The study also revealed that high academic performance of secondary schools is influenced by availability of learning resources, Students/Teachers ratio, Syllabus coverage, Students/Teachers motivation, availability of qualified teachers as well as English language as a medium of instruction. The findings of the study, it is recommended that the Government should employ qualified teachers with at least first degree. Government, parents, and stakeholders need to cooperate to build school hostels. The Government should also provide satisfactory salaries to teachers. School management should seek to construct fences at schools in order to avoid truancy among students and also to establish a lunch program at school so that students may stop practice truancy.
Assessment of parents’ participation in academic performance in public primary schools in Tanzania: a case study of Chamwino district council in Dodoma region
(The University of Dodoma, 2017) Shija, Josephat Stanislaus
This study was designed to assess parents’ participation in academic performance in public primary schools in Tanzania. The objective was to investigate the level of parents’ participation in education matters so as to examine proper approaches to ensure effective parents’ participation in primary public schools in order to improve academic performance in public primary schools(PSLE) in Chamwino district in Dodoma region. The study was guided by Epstein’s Typology of Home-School Relation theory. . The theory suggests that when six important components are involved, parents’ participation will be ensured. Epstein identified components like parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision making and collaborating with the community all together would improve parental participation in children’s education in public primary schools in Tanzania that would produce good performance. This study adopted descriptive design. Bothprobability and non-probability sampling were employed with 100 respondents. Data were collected through Questionnaire and interview and were analyzed using SPSS, excel and. The results revealed that despite the importance of parents’ participation in education children in primary schools in Tanzania, there is still lack of proper measures taken to address the deteriorating parents’ participation in some communities in Tanzania of which affects academic performance. The study recommends the government should take correct measures to incorporate the implementation of the programs associated to parents’ participation to children education in public primary schools in Tanzania.
Challenges facing community secondary schools and their influence on girls’ access to secondary education in Tanzania: a case of Dodoma municipality
(The University of Dodoma, 2017) Hemedi, Asha Saidi
This study examined the challenges facing community secondary school and their influence on girls’ access to education in Dodoma Municipality. Specifically, it assessed the state of the domestic side of school life in community secondary schools. Data were gathered from four selected community secondary schools. The study used descriptive research design with a qualitative approach and quantitative (mixed) approach. Furthermore, the study applied four methods which were interview, questionnaires, survey, focus group discussions and documentary analysis. Both closed and open-ended questionnaires together with interview guides were employed during data collection. The study used both purposive and random sampling techniques were used in this study. The study reveals that most of the community secondary schools have no trained and employed matrons. Those who act as matrons are only appointed by the heads of the schools from among the available female teachers to take matrons’ responsibilities. The study revealed that hostels and sanitary facilities like water, soap, pads for female students play a crucial role in improving their academic performance. The influence of matron and female teachers was found very crucial on girls’ access to education. The study revealed that social practices have been affecting girls’ access to secondary education. The findings have shown that female students are overloaded by domestic activities which consequently affect their academic performance. The timetabling both at home and school settings have been observed not user-friendly to female students and hence they are affected academically. The study recommends for the employment of matrons, supply of the user-friendly sanitary facilities to female students, adequate allocation of the education budget and infrastructural development to meet the demands of female students at the community secondary schools. Furthermore, the social practices that undermine female children should be abandoned in the current society if we are to achieve sustainable development.
The contribution of decentralization to community participation in secondary school education Kibaha district
(The University of Dodoma, 2017) Mgalla, Hassan
This study was conducted at Kibaha District in Coast Region. The objective of the study was to make an assessment of the contribution of decentralization on community participation in secondary education in Kibaha district in Coast region using quantitative and qualitative methodology. The specific objectives included providing an overview of decentralization and community participation initiatives in Kibaha district in the wards of Tumbi, Mailimoja and Mkuza, to assess the contribution of decentralization on community participation in school in Kibaha District, to explore the effectiveness of decentralization measures on community participation in construction of secondary schools at ward level in Kibaha district and finally to explore challenges facing the decentralization process in enhancing community participation in secondary education. A total number of 73 respondents were involved in the study. The methods used in data collection were interview, questionnaires and documentary review. The findings of the study revealed that there is a lack of community participation from the local residents of the area where decision and management of the schools are mainly done by the school management. Field results further indicated that most of the community members are not even aware of the things, which are happening in the school. The study, therefore, recommends that the community should be more actively involved in the management of the school for decentralization to be fully effective.
The contribution of ward school management committees to academic performance: A case of Dodoma municipality
(The University of Dodoma, 2014) Iferefere, Zuhura
The study aimed at assessing the contribution of ward school management committees to students‟ academic performance. It is a sort of case study carried out in Dodoma Municipality. A special attention was made to assess an overview, relationship and factors influenced ward school committees to academic performance The study was a descriptive designed and a sample of 100 respondents was used and these were obtained from Dodoma Municipality. The methods used in data collection were interviews, questionnaire and documentary review Also theories pertaining to Academic Performances was used to familiarize the reader with paradigms, frameworks and approaches in the field The study reveals that contribution of ward school management committees to academic performance includes policy making, participate in construction school buildings teaching and learning materials and improve communication between community and staff members which lead to improvement in student‟s performance. The number of challenges includes underprivileged environment, infrastructure and deficiency of teacher‟s leads to poor performance in ward secondary schools. consequently; The study conclude that; , ward secondary school committee, teachers, community members and students should cooperate together in order to ensure student academic performance in ward secondary schools The study recommends that, government should employ enough and quality teachers in ward secondary school. However ward school committees should ensure good cooperation and communication between community members and teachers.
Decentralization of educational management through school boards: a case of community secondary schools in Same district council, Kilimanjaro region
(The University of Dodoma, 2017) Makenji, Nduga Paul
This study aimed to explore the role of education management of school boards after the decentralization of secondary education to determine whether it reflects the students’ school board. The study also sought to determine the effectiveness of educational management through school boards on students’ performance for form IV national examination in Same district council, Kilimanjaro Region. The study used both Qualitative and Quantitative methods on research design to solicit information through structured questionnaire and interviews, and the secondary data were obtained from DSEO and NECTA Website (www.necta.ac.tz). This study used a sample size of 76 respondents from 5 community secondary schools was selected. Purposeful sampling technique was used to select respondents. The findings reveal that the most community school board members do not know their roles exactly, due to the mode of school board formation which gives room to the head of school to propose the appointed school board members whom he/she wants regardless of none experience they have in that matter. On the school-based matters, the findings reveal that there is no effectiveness of educational management of school boards on students’ performance for form IV national examination. The recommendation made in this study is that in order to increase efficiency in educational management of school boards, the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training has to review the Education Act of 1978 on the mode of school board formation, changes to the act enable to have an official meeting among the four meetings of school boards annually that includes staff teachers so as to give room to school board members to hear what challenges/difficulties faced by a teacher that caused failure or success to his/her subject individually so as to improve students’ performance.
Factors affecting student academic performance in ward secondary school: A case of mpanda town council in Katavi region-Tanzania.
(The University of Dodoma, 2015) Mhagama, Filbert
A study was conducted to assess factors affecting student academic Performance in Ward Secondary Schools specifically in Mpanda Town Council. This study specifically was aimed to assess the availability situation of teachers in secondary schools, to evaluate the teachers Motivation in ward secondary Schools in the study area and to analyze the learning infrastructure in the study area in the study area. The study used both secondary and primary data sources in collection information from the study area. Social survey and personal Interviews were used as method for the data collection while Questionnaire, interview guide and documentary reviews used at a tools. The total sample size of 60 respondents were selected by using simple random and purposive sampling for data collection whereby data analyzed by using table in frequency and percentages. Findings from this study revealed that the availability situation of teachers in ward secondary schools is insufficient especially in mathematics and science subjects; also they point out that the carder most affected is mathematics. Moreover; majority of respondent add that shortage of teachers affect student performance at high extent. Furthermore; findings reveals that teachers motivation is poor as well as lack of learning and teaching materials and library facilities, all of these factors are the factors affecting student academic performance in the study area. Basing on the finding from this study it is recommended that government and non government should work together to improve education performance in ward secondary schools. Community members also should participate full by providing their available resources to supplement with those from government and donor agents. The government and other stakeholders such as Non Government Organization should ensure availability of teaching and learning facilities in ward secondary schools.
Impact of household income on students perfomance: a case study of ward secondary schools in Ilemela district in Mwanza region
(The University of Dodoma, 2016) Kassu, Swaleh H.
In Tanzania, the provision of education has been one of the most critical issues of government social policy after independence in 1961. However one of the aspects of the social pillar of the Tanzania Vision 2030 is education. Tanzania Vision 2030 points out education and training is an instrument to develop Tanzania to be a middle-income economy. Family background has been highlighted as of great important in moulding the performance of children in schools worldwide. This study sought to examines the impact of Household Income on student‟s academic performance in ward secondary schools in Ilemela district. The study sought to examine the state of selected ward secondary education, to determine economic status of parent affect students‟ performance in form four examination results, lastly to examine lack of equipment like textbooks affect the learning environment. The study employed a descriptive research design. The target population under study was 112, both students and teachers from four ward secondary schools in Ilemela district. The study used a sample of 112, both students and teachers of four ward secondary schools, namely Nyamanoro, Kiloleli, Pasiansi and Nyasaka in Ilemela district which were selected by using of a proportionate stratified random sampling method. The instruments which were used to collect data were questionnaire and interview schedule both used for students and teachers. The data was analysed quantitatively and qualitatively and presented by using frequencies and percentage. Statistical package for Social Sciences version 21 was used to aid in generating a summary of results which were represented in tabular form. The findings of this study showed parental marital status and family financial status had a directly positive impact to students‟ performance. However the findings revealed that while the marital status of the parents was not significant in explaining the academic performance of students, but the education level of parents had an effect in academic performance of students. The results from this study revealed that family background is still a major problem in government schools, until this time majority of people cannot afford to have three meals per day, and other basic needs (non-food items) to their life which affecting the children’s health and academic performance. The nature of parents (non education), hard tasks from home, lack of lighting, shortage of books, no desks and table to work on at home, child labour, lack of motivation and harsh treatment from their parents and teachers are less satisfied with remuneration received per month has negatively impacts on students academic performance. The study therefore recommends that school authorities stagger payment of school fees in order to accommodate the less privileged students. The study further recommends that the donor community channel resources to education and help students who came from poor backgrounds.
The impact of motivation on teacher’s performance in Tanzania: a case study of public secondary schools in Dodoma municipality.
(The University of Dodoma, 2015) Macha, Leonard C.
This study examines the impact of motivation on teachers‘performance in Dodoma Municipality. The study is specifically guided by three objectives, these are: to evaluate motivational factors that contributes to work performance on teachers in Dodoma Municipality, to assess the relationship between motivation and teachers performance in Dodoma Municipality and to examine challenges facing organization for motivating teachers in Dodoma municipality. A sample of 80 respondents was used and these were randomly obtained from selected public secondary schools in the study area. The methods used in data collection are personal interviews and social survey whereby questionnaire, interview guide and documentary review were also applied. The statistical package for social science (SPSS Version 16) was used for management of data and analysis. The findings reveal that government has been making some efforts to address teachers demands for their up keep; these entail building houses nearby teachers working places to reduce the problem of accommodations for teachers, improving teaching facilities such as provision of mobile laboratories within the district, increasing salaries in almost every year and working on other unpaid salary arrears, provision and guaranteeing of loans to teachers and improving the classroom facilities The findings further reveal that since the country is large as compared to the country‘s financial ability, then the speed with which these efforts are put in place with regards to the area to be covered, the government‘s efforts are not very much noticeable. Therefore; basing on the findings; it is recommended that; government should review policies on secondary education so as to ensure its implementation to meet the demands of teachers; the government should make increase of the salaries and the community should provide support and care to the teachers regarding their profession. Likewise, the Dodoma Municipal council should work hand in hand with the central government to make sure that the implementation of the government‘s plans and strategies towards improving teachers‘ conditions are made possible with proper allocations of funds and grants.
Learning conditions Affecting Female Students’ Academic Performances in Public Universities: The Case of the University of Dodoma
(The University of Dodoma, 2015) Mfuko, Salim
This study aimed to assess Learning Conditions Affecting Female Students Academic Performances in public Universities: The Case of the University of Dodoma. The study employed a random sampling procedure to get 115 respondents from the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, and College of Education at the University of Dodoma, 20 staff which includes lecturers, Heads of Departments, Deputy Deans of students and 14 undergraduate male students. Quantitative data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16 and Microsoft Excel, and qualitative data used content analysis. Cross-sectional survey design was employed. Documentary review, interview and questionnaires were the methods used to collect data. The findings revealed that poor time management, delays of lectures, noises, love affairs and relationships, lack of learning facilities and poor English language in class presentations or public talks were the conditions affecting female students academic performances at the University of Dodoma. Also time management, family stability and support; good learning environment as well as teaching and learning methods were the learning conditions that could lead to good academic performance at the University of Dodoma. Additionally, challenges like lack or delay of loan from Higher Education Students Loans Board, unplanned pregnancies, students unwilling to study affects females academic performance at the University of Dodoma. The study concludes that female students need to have knowledge on how to deal with psychological problems as well as proper guidance and counseling on how to cope with their challenges.
Role of menstrual hygiene management practices to adolescent girls: a case of selected primary schools in Bahi district
(The University of Dodoma, 2018) Mashala, Leah Alex
This study examined the role of menstrual hygiene management practices to adolescent girls in primary school in Bahi district. Specifically the studies assessed awareness of menstruation to adolescent girls, identify menstrual hygiene management practices in selected primary school and examined the effects of MHM to adolescent girls in selected primary schools. Methods for data collection were Key informants interview, focus group discussion and survey. The data were collected from 10 key informants using checklist questions, 9 focus group discussion using interview guide and 90 respondents using questionnaires. The study involved a cross sectional research design and both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. The qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 software was used to analyze quantitative data. The study revealed that main source of menstrual information was from female parents; other sources were from sisters and other fellow students. Different MHM practices used by adolescent girls were rag cloth, local pads and a few students were using sanitary pads. The MHM practices in selected primary school were inadequate due to, poor toilets, lack of safe water and changing rooms. Effects of menstruation to adolescent girls included feeling sick, uncomfortable and, feel shy; staying away from other especially and absenteeism. The study conclude that there were poor disseminations of menstrual information to adolescent girls, poor MHM practices such as using of rag cloth as absorbent materials, poor toilets and changing rooms. The study recommends adolescent girls to be provided with adequate knowledge on menstruation, provision of sanitary pads at school and improving MHM facilities such as safe water, toilets and changing rooms.
The role of school management on improving academic performance in secondary education: a case of Lindi district
(The University of Dodoma, 2015) Mnzava, Ashimun
The main objective of this study was to examine the role of school management in improving academic performance in secondary Education Examination specifically in Lindi District. It was guided by three specific objectives which are: to assess school management skills that influencing performance of students in secondary school, to examine the role of school management in enhancing students performance in secondary school and to identify challenges that school management encountered when implementing academic activities. A case study design was adopted in order to collect data from various respondents especially the teachers in working station and other staffs within the respective district. Data collection was carried out by the use of well-structured and pre-tested questionnaires. Both primary and secondary data were collected. Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). This study find out that school management lacks necessary skill such as management, leadership, interpersonal and indeed technological skill that would enhance student performance. Despite the school management role to support school and student performance, the main reasons for poor performance of school management is lack of support from education stakeholders, inadequate capacity and indeed lack of facilities for them to carry out their role properly. This study recommends that the government through her Ministry of education and Vocational Training should clearly stipulate the privileges that school management have while carrying out their roles. Again capacity building in terms of building the skills and knowledge on different management issues should be enhanced. Last school management should be given the necessary support from educational stakeholders for proper carrying out their role to enhancing school performance.

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