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Browsing Social Sciences by Subject "Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome"

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    Assessment of local government response against HIV/AIDS spread and towards prevention to youth in Dodoma municipal
    (The University of Dodoma, 2013) Mwenda, Japhari
    This study was aimed to assess the local government response against HIV/AIDS spread and towards prevention to Youth in Dodoma Municipality. From the data given by (Ministry of Health Tanzania mainland HIV/AIDS/STI report 2010). It shows that Dodoma Municipal is leading with 3.2 percent of the infection rate in Dodoma region. For the purpose of obtaining sufficient data the specific objectives included: to assess the local government efforts against HIV/AIDS spread and towards prevention in Dodoma Municipality; to assess how different social groups such as NGOs, CBOs, FBOs, and health care centres are complementing and working in collaboration with local government in HIV/AIDS prevention programmes; to find out why the youth are at more risk of HIV/AIDS infection than any other age groups and to find out different linkages and challenges that local government faces in HIV/AIDS prevention to Youth. From the findings there were many factors including; lack of knowledge concerning HIV/AIDS. Out of these factors contributing to HIV/AIDS there were some efforts which were taken by local government as follows; funds allocations to different AIDS programmes, awareness creation, collaboration with social groups in HIV/AIDS, testing and counselling, provision of medical workers and facilities. The findings of the study lead to the conclusion that there is lack of education and awareness among the youth concerning the spread and prevention of HIV/AIDS. Lastly the study recommended the following; there is a need to increase education and awareness creation to the Youth concerning HIV/AIDS, also increase of cooperation with other partners such as NGOs, FBOs, CBOs, dispensaries and health care centres in this struggle against this disease, and introduce and work with it new policies, rules and regulation which will protect Youths from HIV/AIDS.
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    The impact of HIV/AIDS on livelihoods of rural women in Tanzania: a case study of Ludewa district
    (The University of Dodoma, 2013) Alberto, Felister
    This study was carried out in Ludewa District. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of HIV/AIDS on livelihood of Rural Women in Tanzania. A descriptive study with cross-sectional followed by non-experimental research was used in order to assess the impact of the HIV/AIDS on rural women with a view to recommend improvement based on practical realities. Questionnaires, in-depth interviews and intensive documentary reviews were resorted to the data collection purposes. The results vividly show that HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention in Ludewa District is influenced by socio - economic and geo - political factors. Moreover, it was found that women in rural area do experience multiple impacts of HIV/AIDS related mortality such as socio-economic and socio-cultural impact. It amply shows how women are bearing some of the brunt of the HIV/AIDS epidemic owing to their care giving role in their households. However, it was found that a post colonial feminist approach offers an insightful critique of existing HIV/AIDS prevention techniques while proposing policy and practical implications for rural Tanzanian women. Finally, it was recommended that policy and practice that incorporates rural women's experiences, traditional knowledge and healing practices, promotes increased awareness, empowerment of women and a harm reduction approach to HIV/AIDS prevention that serves to break down the barriers that cause gender inequality.
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    The influence of risk behavior in the spread of HIV/AIDS amongst Zanzibar youth: a case study of urban district, Zanzibar
    (The University of Dodoma, 2012) Othman, Mwanajuma S.
    This study on the Influence of Risk Behavior in the Spread of HIV/AIDS amongst Zanzibar Youth: A Case Study of Urban District, Zanzibar uses experiences of youth, parents, ex- drug and drug users in obtaining a broad picture on the influence of drugs to risk behaviors among youth in the Urban district. The purpose was primarily to examine the influence of drug risk behaviors that contribute to the spread of HIV/AIDS among the youth in the district. Thus the extent of drug use, the impact of drug trafficking and their contribution as a risk factor to spread of HIV and the initiatives being undertaken to reduce the problem were thoroughly examined and identified with the aim of seeking for lasting solution to the problem. To provide comprehensive results according to the nature of the study, a case study research design was used. Closed ended and open ended questionnaires, nonstructural observation, structured interviews and focus group discussion were used to collect data from 112 respondents in the Urban district of Zanzibar. The sample involved 52 community members where 21 were parents and 31 were youth. The remaining 60 sample was key respondents selected by combination of purposive and random sampling techniques. Data have been analyzed by descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and means using Statistical Package for Social Studies (SPSS) and Microsoft Office Excel. The study concluded that there is an increase number of youths who use drugs due to amongst other things the increased availability of drugs in the Urban district of Zanzibar. Drug risk behavior and sexual risk behavior are most likely to occur to drug users due to dependence and addictive properties of the drugs, that make them able to do anything in order to avoid withdrawal syndrome (Arosto) of the drugs. Peer pressure influenced by lack of awareness by youth on the effects of drugs and family reasons are the major factors contributes to youth engage into uses of drugs. Many risk behaviors involved that direct contribute to the spread of HIV/AIDS have been observed, and the majority of youth about 70% engage themselves in the use of drugs between the age group of 15 to 24 years, 25% between 10 to 14 years and 5% above age of 25 years. Male youth were more likely to engage in uses of drugs compared to females and females are more likely to engage in the sexual risk behaviors due to high rate of unemployment compared to males. The study provided sufficient evidence that community awareness, community collaboration with the police and strengthening of the existing laws will help control the supply and demand of drugs in the country. Awareness rising to youth, improved parent child communication as well as family support and efforts will prevent many youth to engage in the behavior and help out those who are already in and reduce the HIV prevalence among youth.
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    Perception and social response towards counselling and testing for HIV/AIDS: a case of youth in higher learning institutions in Dodoma municipality, Tanzania
    (The University of Dodoma, 2012) Wisiko, Clara
    For the last two decades, HIV/AIDS epidemic has spread all over the Tanzania affecting all segments of life and youth in particular. VCT is one of the important components of HIV prevention which aim at behavior change and ensures HIV/AIDS status of a particular person. The purpose of the study was to determine youth perception and response towards HIV/AIDS and VCT in Higher learning Institutions. For the purpose of this study, University of Dodoma, S.T Johns University and Institute of Rural Development Planning were selected in Dodoma Municipality. A purposive sampling and simple random sampling was applied in selecting number of respondents to represent in the study. Structured questionnaire was applied as a tool for primary data collection. Data collected were coded and analyzed by using Software Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 13.0). The study reveals that (82.5%) have heard VCT, more than half (55.0%) have enough information on VCT, Majority of students have attended only once to VCT. Most of them agreed that media is the best way to deliver knowledge on VCT. Further, the assessment of perception on effectiveness of VCT in behavioral change and HIV prevention shows that majority of respondents perceived VCT to be an effective instrument for shaping behavior and prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission. Based on the findings, regular training for VCT should be established and increased so as to impart new knowledge and skill to youth, also Government, CBOs and NGOs together with ministry of Education in collaboration with Institutions should adopt an integrated planning approach in which HIV/AIDS and VCT can go hand by hand.
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    A sociological understanding of HIV/AIDS among children: a case study of primary school children in Kigoma Ujiji municipality
    (The University of Dodoma, 2013) Ngarama, Charles N.
    This study aimed at examining a sociological understanding of HIV/AIDS among primary school children in Kigoma-Ujiji Municipal. Ten primary schools in the Municipal with 50 students respondents aged between 10 and 15 and 10 teachers (five students and one teacher from each school); and 5 medical personnel were selected. Whereas questionnaires were administered to students, interviews were conducted to teachers and medical personnel in exploring their views on the HIV/AIDS pandemic in the Municipal and in the course of their services. The study employed cross sectional type of research design. Data were collected from primary school children, teachers and health personnel and then analyzed using a Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program version 16.0). Likert Scale sort of questions were used to measure the children‟s understanding of HIV/AIDS. The study‟s findings portray that majority of children and teachers in the Municipal schools are aware of the HIV/AIDS and its impacts. Though, there is still a knowledge gap on the HIV/AIDS and related diseases. Findings from medical sector show that the HIV/AIDS and STIs are still a threat as the trend seems to be getting higher, a situation which needs multisectoral, timely, comprehensive and holistic interventions. The study leads to the conclusion that the level of understanding in terms of knowledge, attitudes and practices of HIV/AIDS is crucial in combating the menace of the disease. The study recommends that more efforts and interventions in regard to HIV/AIDS and STI should start at grass root level, thus at children while are still young, as the earlier the better and what goes wrong go wrong earlier.