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Browsing Natural Sciences by Subject "4-Dioxane"

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    Biotransformation of 1,4-Dioxane by the Use of Bacteria in the Soil
    (Springer Nature Singapore, 2023) Miraji, Hossein; Ripanda, Asha; Bakari, Ramadhani; Sarma, Hemen
    Background: 1,4-Dioxane, also known as dioxane, is a water-miscible synthetic industrial chemical used as a stabilizer for chlorinated solvents and feedstock chemical for a wide range of industrial consumer products. It is a heterocyclic organic ether that, through consumer products and industrial, municipal, and domestic effluents, can get into the environment. Due to its volatility and miscibility, short-term exposure results in irritation of the nose, eyes, and throat, while excessive amounts damage the liver and kidney. Long-term exposure results in carcinogenicity to humans that may associate with death. Statement of problem: 1,4-Dioxane is nonbiodegradable in nature and hence persists in the environmental compartments; some methods such as UV peroxide oxidation, direct UV photolysis, and activated carbon adsorption were reported to be effective in the removal of dioxane in the environment. Yet, their adaptation challenges such as complex matrices, running costs, mass balance, and stoichiometry limitations hinder their efficiency. Finding: Mimicking natural or integrated techniques such as bacteriological transformation of dioxane via aerobic, anaerobic, microcosm, integrated microbial community, and co-metabolic techniques is among the robust eco-friendly technologies against these limitations. Soil matrix offers enormous microbial consortium for nature-based remediation of dioxane with high turnup than single microbial strains. Since bacteriological remediation offers adoptable, flexible, and quick implementation strategies that minimizes the use of synthetic chemicals, its fundamental understanding will be inevitable. Conclusion: Nature-based remediation of dioxane is an undoubtable future since apart from the natural occurrence of soil bacteria responsible for degradation, their natural adaptation flexibility, energy conservation, and release of harmless by-products without formation of secondary synergic harmful contaminants present a relatively affordable technique.