Journal Articles

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A syntactico-semantic analysis of possessive constructions in Kisubi
(University of Dar es Salaam, 2019) Rwakakindo, I. D.; Mreta, A. Y.
This paper intends to explore the way in which possessive constructions in Kisubi can be categorised and examine the extent to which semantic line between the established possessive categories is clearly demarcated. The study is guided by the prototype theory and it is confined to the nominal possessive constructions. It adopted a qualitative approach. Data were collected from six (6) participants who were snowballingly selected from three wards in Biharamulo District. The data were collected using structured interview, introspection and focus group discussion (FGD). Content analysis technique and interlinear glossing approach were used for data analysis. The Prototype Theory was mainly used in categorising possessive constructions. The findings indicate that possessive constructions fall into two broad categories, namely typical and less typical. Typical possessive constructions (TPCs), also known as alienable possessive constructions, display actual/canonical possession. Less typical possessive constructions (LTPCs) on the other hand can be divided into two categories: firstly, inalienable possessive constructions, which essentially display socio-cultural possession; and secondly, neither alienable-nor-inalienable possessive constructions. The latter category has three aspects: generic possessive constructions, part-whole-like possessive constructions and other-relations possessive constructions. The findings of the study demonstrate that there is a thin line between alienable and inalienable possessive constructions: the semantic features of both categories tend to overlap in some occurrences.
An assessment of language choice in the contemporary Tanzanian music
(The College of Business Education Tanzania., 2018) Mtallo, Godson. M; Msoffe, Modesta. J.
This study presents an assessment of language choice in the contemporary Tanzanian music. The study was guided by three objectives namely; to assess language trend in the Tanzanian music as from 1980s up to now, to investigate the factors for language choice as well as finding the impact of language choice in music to Tanzanian society. The study was conducted in Dar es Salaam city and Same district in Kilimanjaro region involving musicians, producers and distributors of Tanzanian music. Tools employed in collecting data for this study were interviews and questionnaires comprising of closed and open-ended questions as well as the documentary review. The analysis of data was mainly descriptive and comparative. The findings of the study revealed that the contemporary Tanzanian music employ code switching done in two languages Kiswahili and English and in rare cases the switch is between Kiswahili and ethnic community languages. Lexical borrowing from English and the use of non-standard Kiswahili in the songs’ lyrics were also evident.
Attitudes of local communities towards REDD+ initiatives in Tanzania. a case of selected communities in Kilwa district
(IJMRA, 2014) Jeremiah, Rebecca J.; Mbwambo, Jonathan S.; Silayo, Dos Santos A.
Climate change has turned to be a global issue which is no longer a concern of the environmental sector alone, but a cross- cutting and a multidisciplinary issue due to its economic, social, and ecological impacts to the global community, including smallholder farmers in low-income countries. While industrial development is acknowledged to have significant contribution to anthropogenic greenhouse emissions, 25% of all anthropogenic GHG emissions responsible for climate change come from deforestation and forest degradation. Thus, reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) is important intervention that is necessary for sustainable reduction of emission and enhancement sink capacity using efforts manned by local communities. However, the extent to which local communities are aware of climate change and its impacts have not been studies in REDD+ project areas in Tanzania. A study was therefore conducted in Kilwa District to assess the community awareness and attitude towards REDD+ initiatives, with a particular focus on their willingness to participate in the implementation of REDD+. Data collection was done using both structured and semi-structured interviews. A Logistic regression model was used to determine factors influencing willingness to participate while Cross- tabulation and Likert scale were used to determine the level of awareness and attitudes between different sub- samples. Results indicate that 76% of local communities are aware of impacts of climate change but only 44.5% were aware of the REDD+ objectives and its potential benefits. The level of community awareness has a significant influence (p=0.000) on willingness to participate in REDD+ implementation. Other factors include: Attitude, Income and land size. The study concludes that, community’s willingness to participate in REDD+ activities is influenced by many factors but to the greatest extent by awareness. It is recommended that, creation of a proper awareness of the REDD+ objectives to the participating communities is highly need.
The bazaar as a public domain of cultural contests at colonial Cuttack, 1870–1940
(Sage, 2022) Mohanty, Pramod Kumar
By choosing the bazaar at colonial Cuttack for a narrative of ‘recreation, social interaction, transport and economic activity’, the present article draws on Dipesh Chakrabarty and Anand Yang’s bazaar studies in South Asia. For Chakrabarty, the bazaar was an arena of evolving contest between modernity and tradition, while Anand Yang sees it as a place where people increasingly acquire notions of identity and community. The present study, concentrating on a provincial town, seeks to combine both perspectives and to provide a wider perception of bazaar as a site of compressed display of an area’s way of life, being a place of exchange and negotiation and of circulation and redistribution—in short, of extra-community or supra-community connections and institutions. In such a situation, the image of bazaar/market, as it emerges, goes much beyond the one conceived by Christopher Bayly for the bazaars in the cities of early colonial North India as an inert place where everything seemed to be peaceful with little conflicts, a respectable and orderly autonomous place than a place of contest and competition.
Book review: Mabepari wa bongo
(Kioo cha Lugha, 2014) Masele, E.J.
Mabepari wa Bongo (2007) written by Frown. P. Nyoni, perfectly captures what this literary work embodies. It is a play that reflects a higher degree of corruption in the country. Through this endeavors of touching on thematic expression, the play attempts to reveal the government leaders’ irresponsibility which surrounds most of the African countries. In most cases, the leaders use globalization as a scapegoat to justify their bad deeds to the masses.
Contested community participation in the governance of marine resources in the Mafia island marine park, Tanzania: a political chicanery
(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Nelson M. Ishengoma
It is almost two and half decades since the government of Tanzania established the Mafia Island Marine Park. Guided by the principle of participatory resource governance, this significant socio-economic move was expected to promote sustainable marine resource use and conserve ecosystem processes and biodiversity. However, this is contrary to what is befalling today. This qualitative study sought to examine how this cardinal governance rule was applied during the establishment of the park and how the nature of its execution could have a bearing on the current exhaustion and destructive course. The study used focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, life histories, and observations to collect data. Both, manual content analysis and software-aided qualitative data analysis (Nvivo—12) were applied to gain a sense of the data. The findings of the study indicate that the current unsustainable marine resource practices in the park are, in some measure, a result of inconsiderate, poor, and disingenuous participation exercised during and after the inception of the park in 1995. The study recommends a democratically genuine participatory process in which the most affected, collectively or individually, actively decide on the course of action to address their genuine concerns.
Deconstructing reality: A postmodern analysis of the concept of truth
(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Muhamba, D.; Francis, Boniphace S.
This article presents a postmodern analysis of the concept of truth, deconstructing reality by firstly tracing the historical development of the concept in different philosophical epochs and then highlighting the role of language, power, and cultural context in shaping our understanding of truth. The postmodernist rejection of absolute truth and emphasis on the relativity of truth is discussed, along with the influence of language on truth and the role of power in defining what is considered to be true. The article also examines the postmodernist critique of science and its emphasis on situating scientific knowledge within a particular cultural and historical context. Unlike previous scholarly works, the paper argues that, the postmodernist analysis of truth challenges traditional notions of objective reality and underscores the importance of context and perspective in shaping our understanding of truth.
Dhima ya sadfa ya kimapenzi katika kujenga matukio ya ‘kishushushu’ na ‘kijasusi’: uchunguzi wa riwaya ya kikosi cha kisasi
(The University of Dar es Salaam, 2022) Kasiga, Gerevaz. A.; Maffa, Eliamini M
Shabaha ya makala haya ni kufafanua matumizi ya sadfa ya kimapenzi katika kuwasaidia watunzi kujenga tungo mbalimbali za kisanaa na kutimiza au kukamilisha uwasilishaji wa matukio ya kishushushu na kijasusi. Ufafanuzi wetu umemakinikia riwaya ya Kikosi cha Kisasi ya mwandishi Aristablus Elvis Musiba. Sadfa ni hali ya utokeaji wa matukio kwa wakati mmoja kwa namna inayoshangaza au inayoashiria bahati. Hii ni miongoni mwa mbinu zinazotumiwa na watunzi katika kuzijenga na kuzikamilisha tungo zao (Wamitila, 2003; Dannenberg, 2008). Mara nyingi watunzi wa kazi za kifasihi huitumia mbinu hii sambamba na mbinu nyingine katika kufanikisha azma ya tungo hizo. Mbinu hizo nyingine zaweza kuhusisha uhalisiajabu, utanzia, ufutuhi, na usemezano. Kazi ya kifahisi hujengwa kwa kutumia mbinu mbalimbali za kisanaa zinazoafikiana na lengo pamoja na aina ya kazi ya kifasihi inayowasilishwa. Sadfa ni mojawapo ya mbinu hizo za kisanaa ambayo hutumiwa na watunzi kuibua, kujenga na kukamilisha azma ya tungo zao. Katika mjadala wa makala haya tumeonesha namna sadfa ya kimapenzi ilivyotumika kwenye miktadha ya kutiana moyo wa kufanikisha kazi ya kishushushu na kijasusi; kuleta urahisi wa ufanikishwaji wa kazi ya kishushushu na kijasusi; kusaidia uokozi na uchocheaji kisasi; na mwishowe kusababisha uvumbuzi wa taarifa muhimu za kijasusi pamoja na ukamilishwaji wa operesheni za kijasusi. Katika riwaya teule mwandishi ameitumia mbinu hii kupitia mahusiano ya kimapenzi baina ya mhusika wake mkuu Willy Gamba (mwanamume) pamoja na wahusika wasaidizi (mabinti) Amanda, Ntumba, Mwadi na Tete.
Dhima ya taswira katika ufasiri na uteguzi wa vitendawili
(Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam, 2019) Badru, Zuhura A.
Vitendawili ni utanzu wa fasihi simulizi ambao umechunguzwa kwa kiasi kikubwa hasa kuhusu maana, muundo pamoja na dhima zake. Aidha, imedhihirika kuwa utanzu huu ni tajiri katika matumizi ya lugha ya picha na ishara ambazo hufumbata sitiari inayotarajiwa kufumbuliwa. Hata hivyo, namna ambavyo picha na ishara hizo hufasiriwa na kupata maana bado haijachunguzwa. Katika makala hii tumebainisha namna taswira zinavyowezesha vitendawili kueleweka kwa kurahisisha tafsiri ya picha zilizotumika, kuondoa utata, kutumia maneno kiiktisadi, na hivyo, kuwezesha hadhira kufumbua kitendawili kwa wepesi na kuuona ulimwengu wake kwa upya. Data za makala hii zilipatikana kwa njia ya uchunguzi matini, mahojiano na mjadala wa vikundi baina ya mtafiti na watoataarifa wake kutoka baadhi ya mikoa ya Tanzania Bara na Visiwani. Imebainika kwamba taswira katika vitendawili ina dhima kadhaa katika ufasiri na uteguaji wa vitendawili hivyo, ikiwamo kuondoa utata, kuutazama ulimwengu upya na kuleta iktisadi.
Dhima za kisarufi na kisemantiki za viambajengo vinavyohusika katika uchanganuzi wa tungo za utendeka na utendwa
(The University of Dar es Salaam, 2022) Kuyenga, Fredrick E
Makala haya yamechunguza tungo za utendeka na utendwa katika lugha ya Kiswahili. Lengo ni kuweka wazi dhima za kisarufi na kisemantiki za viambajengo vinavyohusika katika tungo hizo. Hii ni kwa sababu, yapo madai miongoni mwa wanaisimu mbalimbali kwamba tungo hizi zinafanana katika miundo na uamilifu wake katika lugha kisarufi; yaani kiima katika tungo hizi kinahusishwa na kiathirika au na kithimu pekee (taz. Khamisi, 1972; Rugemalira, 1993 na Mkude, 2005). Iko haja ya kubainisha zaidi dhima za kisarufi na za kisemantiki za viambajengo vyote vinavyohusika katika tungo hizi ili kuweza wazi suala hili katika lugha ya Kiswahili. Data za utafiti huu zilikusanywa kutoka katika magazeti mawili (2) pamoja na watoataarifa kumi (10). Data zilipatikana kwa njia ya usomaji wa nyaraka pamoja na usaili. Uchanganuzi wa data umetumia misingi ya Mkabala wa Sarufi Leksia Amilifu ulioasisiwa na Bresnan na Kaplan mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970. Matokeo yanaonesha kwamba tungo za utendeka na utendwa zinafanana na kutofautiana katika miundo na uamilifu wa viambajengo katika lugha ya Kiswahili. Kutokana na matokeo haya, inapendekezwa kwamba utafiti zaidi kama huu ufanyike katika lugha nyingine za Kibantu ambazo hazijafanyiwa utafiti ili kulinganisha na kutofautisha uamilifu wa viambajengo katika lugha ya Kiswahili na lugha nyingine. Makala haya yameweka wazi dhima za kisarufi na za kisemantiki za viambajengo vyote vinavyohusika katika tungo za utendeka na zile za utendwa katika lugha ya Kiswahili.
Exploring Gender Relations in Sukuma Oral Poetry: A Thematic Comparative Study
(University of Dar es salaam, 2020) Masele, E.J.
This paper attempts to capture gender relations in Sukuma oral poetry. The paper is designed to answer two questions: How does Sukuma oral poetry illustrate gender relations among the Sukuma? In what ways Sukuma oral poetry sung by men differ from those sung by women in representing gender issues? The paper is a qualitative content study, which involved document analysis in the collection of data. Sukuma oral poetry was analysed by using Thematic Coding Analysis (TCA) and interpreted by using Third World Feminism Theory. The study found Sukuma oral poetry noticeably distinctive in highlighting the problems of inequality among people in this community. Each gender group in a society illustrates its position in its oral poetry. The paper recommends harmonization of relationship between genders as one of the corrective measures to be undertaken by the responsible authorities.
Farmer Tree Nurseries as a Catalytst for Developing Sustainable best Management Land Use Practices in the Nile River Basin: Case Studies from East Africa
(LARS, 2007) Shisanya, C.A.; Tenge, A.; Kalumuna, M.
Support to farmer nurseries is classified as either “hard” referring to material inputs (tree seed, water, tools and fencing) or “soft” (information, training and backstopping advice). Against a background of poor services for smallholder farmers in the Lake Victoria basin, it was hypothesized that a number of support agents operating at the grassroot level together with farmers themselves provide the different support functions needed in the establishment of farmer tree nurseries. Through financial support from Inter-University Council of East Africa coordinated VicReS Project, a collaborative project involving Kenyatta University (Kenya), Kenya Agricultural Research Institute and Mulingano Agricultural Research Institute (Tanzania) has been able to initiate reforestation/afforestation activities in Lake Victoria catchments ecosystems of western Kenya and western Tanzania. Through the initial activities, a total of twenty four (24) farmer groups have been identified in western Kenya and supported through capacity building and supply of basic inputs for tree nursery seed bed preparation and management. The groups have been able to set up tree nurseries and are now managing seed beds with a total of 450,000 agro-forestry seedlings, mainly Grevillea robusta and Casuarina spp. The farmers intend to distribute the seedling among the members for planting on farm boundaries, around homesteads, and woodlots within the homesteads and sell the surplus. Preliminary findings show that there is an urgent need to facilitate grassroot level support systems with larger participation from the national extension service for provision of training and backstopping advice. Strengthening the human capital of farmers and service providers emerges as critical in increasing impact. Farmer nurseries are shown to play a number of important and interrelated functions in building natural, human and social capital. Monitoring and evaluating farmer nurseries in catalysing these three functions should therefore receive proper attention in assessing the impact of sustainable land use systems. Policies need to be well articulated to address some of the major constrains identified in the Lake Victoria catchments ecosystem.
Filamu ya Kiswahili: Fasihi simulizi iliyostawi
(Moi University Press, 2019) Kasiga, Gerevaz. A.; Luhwago, Neema. J.
Makala haya yanaijadili sanaa ya filamu za Kiswahili kama fasihi simulizi iliyopevuka na kuchukua mkondo wa kiteknnlojia kutokana na utegemezi wake wa nyenze katika utambaji. Hadhi ya kisanaa ya filamu imetazamwa kwa namna inayoonesha kujitokezea kwake kupitia umbo na wajihi wa kifasihi.
Filling the void: a study of sites characterized by levallois and blade technologies in the Kilwa basin, coastal Tanzania
(Springer Nature, 2020) Beyin, Amanuel; Ryano, Kokeli Peter
Despite East Africa’s vital contribution to our understanding of human evolution, there exists a major knowledge gap concerning hominin occupation of its coastal peripheries along the Indian Ocean. This paper presents the results of a recent archaeological survey in the Kilwa basin, coastal Tanzania. The survey documented two sites, namely, Mnaraeka and Mapimbi that revealed lithic assemblages featuring recurrent centripetal Levallois and blade technologies. Although absolute chronological references for the sites have yet to be established, the lithic finds characteristically fit to the Middle Stone Age (MSA) technocomplex. The inhabitants targeted locally available stone raw materials such as quartzite, quartz, and chert. The technological strategies identified in the Kilwa basin are common at inland MSA sites across eastern and southern Africa, suggesting that the coastal ecozone may have been regularly exploited by hominins that possessed versatile technologies to adapt to diverse eastern African landscapes. Our finds lay a foundational step for future interdisciplinary research in the Kilwa basin and other parts of the East African coast.
Hybrid identities of development studies in Tanzania
(OpenEdition, 2022-12-01) Tiina Kontinen; Rehema Kilonzo; Colman Msoka; Ajali Nguyahambi
This article addresses identities, hierarchies of knowledge and power relations in academia in postcolonial settings, in the context of development studies in Tanzania. Based on literatures on organizational identity and postcolonial hybridity, it establishes a conceptual lens of hybrid identity, scrutinizing how the identity of the discipline of development studies is constructed. Based on analysis of interviews with staff in development studies, we identify four relationships where differences and asymmetries were articulated: with other disciplines, with past development studies, with global theorizing on development, and with partners in the global North. We conclude in discussing how acknowledging multiple relationships and ambivalent knowledge hierarchies can make room for hybrid identities that can produce new ways of producing knowledge in development studies.
The linguistic landscape of urban Tanzania: An account of the language of billboards and shop-signs in district headquarters
(United States International University-Africa, 2018) Lusekelo, A.; Alphonce, C.
In examination of language use in public domains in Tanzania, this paper articulates the state of multilingualism in the composition of signposts in district headquarters countrywide. The paper challenges the suggestion that Tanzania is primarily a Kiswahili speaking country. It also challenges the suggestion that Tanzania consists of English as an official language with limited domains of use. While it is claimed that ethnic community languages are a vehicular of communication in domains related to informal settings and homesteads, the paper argues for the presence of in linguistic landscape. Findings from five regions of Tanzania, namely, Arusha, Iringa, Kagera, Manyara and Mbeya indicate the dominance of bilingual Kiswahili-English signposts in urban centres. Further, findings display dominance of English-only signposts, which is a good testimony that this public domain makes use of English rather than Kiswahili. Furthermore, on the basis of font-size and font-colour, English words turn more prominent than Kiswahili words. Nonetheless, on the basis of word counts, Kiswahili is significantly used in bilingual signposts than English. Thus, this article concludes that the importance of English surpasses Kiswahili in the language use in bilingual signposts in urban Tanzania.
Manifestations of power and marginality in marriage practices: a qualitative analysis of Sukuma songs in Tanzania
(Bridgewater State College, 2021) Masele, Esther Julius; Lakshmanan, Venkatachalam
This study examined manifestations of power and marginality in Sukuma marriage practices. The study was conducted in Kishapu District, Tanzania. It drew its materials from Sukuma marriage rituals, which include singing and performance of songs. The study adopted an ethnographic research design and used both primary and secondary data to analyse the construction of gender roles in songs and societal views. The songs were observed at live performances, and data related to their composition, interpretation, and impact were gathered through interviews with the singers. Thematic Code Analysis was used to analyze the data, which were then interpreted based on poststructuralist theory. The results obtained showed that Sukuma marriage songs present and propagate imbalanced gender roles. It was further found that these songs impliedly bolster gender inequality leading to women’s subordination and men’s authority over women in Sukuma society.
Matamshi na tahajia ya istilahi mkopo za Kiingereza katika Kiswahili: Mifano kutoka istilahi za sayansi ikisiri
(The University of Dar es Salaam, 2022) Philipo, Zabron T.
Lengo la makala haya ni kuonesha ruwaza ya matamshi na tahajia ya Istilahi Mkopo (kuanzia sasa IM) za Kiingereza zinazoingizwa katika Kiswahili. Mtazamo wa asasi zinazohusika na uundaji istilahi kama vile Baraza la Kiswahili Tanzania (BAKITA) na Taasisi ya Taaluma za Kiswahili (TATAKI) kuhusu matamshi na tahajia ya IM unaonesha kuwa IM zenye matamshi kama yalivyo katika Kiswahili na kuwa na tahajia ya IM zenye muundo wa maandishi kama ilivyo katika Kiingereza. Data na hoja zilizowasilishwa katika makala hii zimetokana na hojaji, usaili na upitiaji nyaraka[1]. Hivyo, data hizo zinadhihirisha kuwa kuna uhalali wa kuangalia upya ruwaza ya matamshi na tahajia ya IM za Kiingereza katika Kiswahili. Makala haya yanabainisha kuwa IM ziwe na ruwaza ya matamshi kama ilivyo katika Kiingereza. Kwa mfano, - /haidrojeni/ na tahajia iwe ni ile ya muundo wa matamshi badala ya ule wa maandishi. Kwa mfano, - *. Makala yanatoa mwongozo wa matamshi na tahajia ya IM katika Kiswahili.
Mdhihiriko wa kionjo cha usangwini kwa mhusika Willy Gamba katika riwaya ya Njama
(The University of Dar es Salaam, 2020) Ponera, Athumani S.; Kasiga, Gerevaz. A.
Maudhui ya kazi za kifasihi hufika kwa hadhira kupitia wahusika. Watunzi huwajenga wahusika hao kwa kutumia mbinu mbalimbali huku wakiwavisha haiba na mujukumu ambayo, aghalabu, huendana na vionjo maalumu vya haiba (psychological temperaments). Shabaha ya makala hii ni kufafanua namna ambavyo sifa na majukumu ya mhusika wa kazi za kifasihi huendana na vionjo vya kihaiba anavyojengwa navyo. Ufafanuzi wetu unaegemezwa kwenye uhusika wa Willy Gamba katika riwaya ya Njama. Tunaonesha namna anavyotekeleza majukumu yake kwa kuongozwa na sifa za kionjo cha usangwini ambacho ni mojawapo ya vionjo vikuu vinne vya kihaiba.
Miktadha ya matumiziya U-Nigeria katika video za nyimbo za muziki wa kizazi kipya nchini Tanzania
(University of Dodoma, Tanzania, 2022) Kasiga, Gerevaz. A.
Tasnia ya Muziki wa Kizazi Kipya wa Kiswahili nchini Tanzania imetekwa na utamaduni wa nje, hususani wa Kinigeria. Hali hii ikiendelea itapoteza utambulisho wa Kitanzania katika sanaa. Kwa hali hiyo, makala imechunguza miktadha ya matumizi ya U-Nigeria katika video za nyimbo za muziki wa kizazi kipya wa Kiswahili nchini Tanzania ili kubaini misukumo yake na kutazama njia za kuupunguza na kuuondosha. Makala imetumia mkabala wa kitaamuli. Data zilikusanywa maktabani na uwandani. Nadharia ya Uhalisia ilitumika kama kiunzi cha uchambuzi na mjadala. Hatimaye, makala imebaini miktadha saba ya utumiwaji wa U-Nigeria. Miktadha hiyo imehusisha mivuto ya kiubidhaishaji, matumizi ya vyombo vya habari, mivuto ya kiujumi na kibunifu, na mivuto kutokana na mwigo kutoka wasanii nguli. Miktadha mingine imehusisha misukumo ya wasikilizaji na watazamaji, ukosefu wa alama ya utambulisho wa kitamaduni, na ukosefu wa elimu ya tasnia ya muziki. Mwisho, imependekezwa kuwa ili kulinda utamaduni wa Kitanzania kupitia muziki, ni vema wasanii wapatiwe warsha, semina, na madarasa maalumu ya kukuza vipaji vyao kwamaslahi ya jamii nzima ya Watanzania.

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