Hydrogeochemical characterization of the groundwater in northern and eastern areas of Kilwa district and Songosongo Island in, Tanzania

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dc.contributor.authorAsantael Herman Mlay
dc.contributor.authorCeven Shemsanga
dc.contributor.authorGeorge Bennett
dc.contributor.authorJustin Ntalikwa
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-17T17:37:40Z
dc.date.available2024-08-17T17:37:40Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.descriptionFull text article available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.22208
dc.description.abstractThis study aimed to investigate the hydrochemical and hydrogeochemical facies and mechanisms controlling groundwater quality from the northern and eastern parts of Kilwa district and Songosongo Island in Tanzania. Multifaceted methods were used to analyze the hydrochemical properties of water in relation to local geology and proximity to the Indian Ocean. The pH of the groundwater ranged from 5.18 to 7.56 with an average value of 6.64 which is slightly acidic. Electrical Conductivity (EC) ranged from 354 to 1429.50 μS/cm with an average value of 1652.6 μS/cm while Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) values varied from 170 to 1825 mg/L with an average value of 918.8 mg/L. The average values for Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ were 36.9, 21.4, 152.5, and 13.31 mg/L, while for NO3−, Cl−, HCO3−, and SO42- were 2.1, 256.3, 156.6, and 45.8, respectively. The study found that groundwater closest to the ocean had elevated values of TDS, Na+, and Cl− and were more affected by seawater intrusion compared to those further inland. The dominant groundwater type was established to be Na-Cl mostly nearest to the ocean while Ca-Mg-Cl was more encountered towards the inland. The groundwater in the northern and eastern parts of Kilwa is mainly controlled by seawater intrusion and recharge water. The Neogene formations consisting of clay, silts, coastal sands, and alluvium had lower Na+, Cl−, EC, and TDS values than the Paleogene which is more influenced by marine sediments. Thus, these findings call for improved groundwater monitoring to track changes in water quality since several parameters including sodium, magnesium, chlorides, TDS, EC, and pH were higher than recommended values for drinking purposes. However, the majority of the water samples were suitable for human consumption.
dc.identifier.citationMlay, A. H., Shemsanga, C., Bennett, G., & Ntalikwa, J. (2024). Hydrogeochemical characterization of the groundwater in northern and eastern areas of Kilwa district and Songosongo Island in, Tanzania. Environmental Quality Management.
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/tqem.22208
dc.identifier.otherhttps://doi.org/10.1002/tqem.22208
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.udom.ac.tz/handle/20.500.12661/4708
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Quality Management
dc.subjectHydrogeochemical characterization
dc.subjectGroundwater
dc.subjectSongosongo Island
dc.subjectNeogene formations
dc.subjectKilwa district
dc.subjectTanzania
dc.titleHydrogeochemical characterization of the groundwater in northern and eastern areas of Kilwa district and Songosongo Island in, Tanzania
dc.typejournal-article
oaire.citation.issue1
oaire.citation.volume34
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