Prevalence of and factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension among patients with early chronic kidney disease attending tertiary hospitals in Dodoma, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
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Date
2023
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
BMJ
Abstract
Objective To determine the prevalence of uncontrolled
hypertension and its associated factors among patients
with early chronic kidney disease (CKD) attending
medical outpatient clinics at tertiary hospitals in Dodoma,
Tanzania.
Design Cross-sectional
study.
Setting Two tertiary hospitals in Dodoma, Tanzania.
Participants The participants in this study were adult
patients (≥18 years) with early CKD stages (1, 2 and 3)
who were attending nephrology and medical outpatient
clinics from November 2020 to March 2021. Patients
who had been attending the clinic for at least 3 months,
had baseline clinical data on their files, had estimated
glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and
who provided written informed consent were eligible. A
total of 352 patients were enrolled, of whom 182 were
men and 170 were women.
Outcome measure The dependent variable was
uncontrolled hypertension among patients with early CKD,
based on blood pressure measurements.
Results The prevalence of hypertension was 58.5% (206
of 352) and the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension
was 58.3% (120 of 206). Among patients with uncontrolled
hypertension, 88.3% (106 of 120) had CKD stage 3, 80.2%
(96 of 120) reported non-adherence
to antihypertensives,
76.7% (92 of 120) were overweight or obese, 72.5% (87
of 120) reported current alcohol use and 26.7% (32 of
120) had diabetes mellitus. Factors that contributed to
higher odds of uncontrolled hypertension were: age ≥50
years (OR=5.17, 95 % CI 2.37 to 13.33, p=0.001), alcohol
use (OR=11.21, 95% CI 3.83 to 32.84, p=0.001), non-adherence
to antihypertensives (OR=10.19, 95% CI 4.22
to 24.61, p=0.001), overweight/obesity (OR=6.28, 95% CI
2.54 to 15.53, p=0.001) and CKD stage 3 (OR=3.52,
95% CI 1.32 to 9.42, p=0.012).
Conclusion Uncontrolled hypertension was highly
prevalent among patients with early CKD in this setting
and was associated with age, current alcohol use, non-adherence
to antihypertensives, overweight/obesity and
declining eGFR.
Description
Full text. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074441.
Keywords
hypertension, chronic kidney disease, Dodoma
Citation
Katatwire, D. D., & Meremo, A. (2023). Prevalence of and factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension among patients with early chronic kidney disease attending tertiary hospitals in Dodoma, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. BMJ open, 13(12), e074441.