Mziray, A. G.Longopa, E. E.Mwanga, E.2024-08-292024-08-292023Mziray, A. G., Longopa, E. E., & Mwanga, E. (2023). Law and practice governing waste management and marine pollution control in upstream petroleum operations in mainland Tanzania. Oil, Gas & Energy Law, 21(4).URL: https://www.ogel.org/article.asp?key=4106https://repository.udom.ac.tz/handle/20.500.12661/4916Abstract. Full-text is available at https://www.ogel.org/article.asp?key=4106Effective waste management and pollution control are essential factors for sustainable development in upstream petroleum projects. To achieve it, bold policy and legal frameworks addressing sustainable waste management and pollution control become indispensable. This article assesses how well Tanzania's policy and legal frameworks address sustainable waste management and marine pollution control in upstream petroleum operations. Government representatives, international oil companies operating in Tanzania, government publications, EIA reports, scholarly works and pertinent legal documents provided data for this article. This article found that Tanzania's legal system does not adequately address the problem of waste management and pollution control in upstream petroleum operations. It demonstrates that Tanzania has fragmented and incomprehensive regulations governing waste management in upstream petroleum operations in Tanzania. It argues that the absence of specific regulations to address petroleum waste management impedes effective waste management and poses a risk of increasing marine pollution. The article recommends reform in the legal regime to cope with the changing practice and ensure effective waste management in the upstream petroleum operation areas.enwaste managementsustainable developmentupstream petroleum projectslegal regimepollution controlArticle