Nguyahambi, Ajali M.Matunga, Benta N.Kilonzo, Rehema G.Kontinen, T.Chang`a, Haji H.2020-03-232020-03-232019Nguyahambi, A. M., Chang’a, H. H., Matunga, B. N., Kilonzo, R. G., & Kontinen, T. (2019). Contextualizing citizenship in Tanzania. In K. Holma & T. Kontinen (Eds) (2019). Practices of citizenship in East Africa. London: Routlegehttps://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780429279171/chapters/10.4324/9780429279171-6http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12661/2299Abstract. Full Text Book Chapter available at: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780429279171/chapters/10.4324/9780429279171-6This chapter describes selected features of the contemporary Tanzania that form the context for learning of citizenship in civil society. The chapter grasps the contextual conditions and circumstances of citizenship in Tanzania by looking at historical evolvement of the notion of development, maendeleo, over the period from colonial eras to the postcolonial single-party system to the contemporary multiparty democracy. The chapter continues with analyses of the moments of donor enthusiasm for civil society and NGOs and the recent debates on the shrinking space of civil society. Essentially, different stages present different idea of an ideal citizen and also different efforts in order to shape citizens by state and civil society organizations. It further reflects on how the traces of these developments might show in today’s citizenship habits including patterns of participation and citizenship identities, not only vis-á-vis the state but also other groups and forums where rights and responsibilities are negotiated, and thus, active citizenship is constructed.enMultiparty democracySingle-party systemCivil societyCitizenship identityActive citizenshipTanzaniaPoliticsBook chapter