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Browsing Education by Author "Abraham, Zephania Saitabau"

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    Prevalence and etiological agents for chronic suppurative otitis media in a tertiary hospital in Tanzania
    (Springer, 2019) Abraham, Zephania Saitabau; Ntunaguzi, Daudi; Kahinga, Aveline Aloyce; Mapondella, Kassim Babu; Massawe, Enica Richard; Nkuwi, Emmanuel James; Nkya, Aslam
    Objective: Chronic suppurative otitis media is among the most common otological condition reported in otorhinolaryngology practice commonly attributing to preventable hearing loss. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and etiological agents for chronic suppurative otitis media in our department. Results: A total of 5591 patients were recruited in this study and only 79 (1.4%) had chronic suppurative otitis media. A male preponderance 43 (54.4%) was noted in this study and the left ear (58.2%) was more commonly affected compared to the right ear. Central perforation was the commonest pattern of presentation and was reported in 53% of cases though none had attic perforation. Of the 81 processed ear swabs, microbial growth was seen in majority 80 (98.8%) whilst one sample showed no microbial growth whereas 52.5% had polymicrobial growth. Among the isolates, most were gram negative species accounting for 59.7% while gram positive bacteria accounted for 25.6% and fungi accounted for 14.7%. Most of these isolates were facultative anaerobes. Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.2%) was the commonest isolates while Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were equally least isolated (10.9%). Tested isolates were most sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin, Ceftriaxone and Amikacin and least sensitive to Amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid and Ampicillin.
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    Prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis at Muhimbili national hospital, Dar es Salaam
    (The South Sudan Doctors Association, 2019) Abraham, Zephania Saitabau; Gabriel, Rafael; Kahinga, Aveline Aloyce; Ntunaguzi, Daudi; Mapondella, Kassim Babu; Massawe, Enica Richard
    Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects people of all ages worldwide and has significant socio-economic impact. Data on chronic rhinosinusitis are scarce. Objective: To determine the prevalence of CRS among patients attending the Otorhinolaryngology Department at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). Method: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study where 56 patients with CRS were recruited from July to December 2015 after meeting the criteria set by American Academy of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (AAOHNS). Data were analysed using SPSS program version 21. Results: The prevalence of CRS among 5321 patients was 1.07%; 51.8% were female and the highest proportion was aged 11-20 years. Bilaterality of disease was found in 62%. The maxillary sinus (83.9%) was the most affected sinus whilst the sphenoid sinus was least affected. There was good correlation between computerized tomography (CT) and intraoperative findings, anatomical variations and pathological features. Conclusion: CRS appears to be less prevalent at MNH than elsewhere with a tendency to bilaterality and maxillary sinus predominance similar to other studies.