Browsing by Author "Abrahama, Zephania Saitabau"

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    Caregivers’ Experiences Regarding Antibiotic Usage in Treating Children’s Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Southern Tanzania
    (East African Health Research Commission, 2023) Mahega, Paulo; Kahingab, Aveline Aloyce; Abrahama, Zephania Saitabau
    Introduction: Upper respiratory tract infections(URTIs) are common illnesses, especially in children and account globally for a substantial proportion of consultations with family doctors. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of caretakers regarding antibiotic usage in treating URTIs in Southern Tanzania Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted at Iringa Regional Referral Hospital in Southern Tanzania from March to June 2022 involving 300 caregivers. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) version 23. Results: About two-thirds(71.7%) of the caregivers had poor knowledge regarding antibiotic usage in treating children’s URTIs. In this study, 96.7% of the caregivers correctly identified amoxicillin as the most prescribed medication for treatment of children’s URTIs. However, about two-thirds(65.0 %) of the parents were aware of the antibiotic resistance that could be caused by misuse of antibiotics. In this study 50.7% of the respondents had poor attitude while 49.3% had good attitude regarding antibiotic usage in treating children’s URTIs. Similarly, 53% of the respondents thought local medications are better than antibiotics in treatment of URTIs. Regarding practices, 75.3% of the respondents used to complete the dose of antibiotics when prescribed for treatment of URTIs and 69.7% used to treat their children at home when having URTIs. A significant association was found between the majority of the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents and the level of knowledge. Similarly, there was a statistically significant association between knowledge and attitude of caregivers pertaining to antibiotic usage in treating children’s URTIs. Conclusions: There is lack of knowledge among caregivers regarding antibiotic usage for treating children’s URTIs at the regional hospital and also more than half of the caregivers had poor attitude towards antibiotic usage. Therefore, caregiver’s educational interventions should be implemented through health promotions and educational campaigns that should be mainly conducted by medical doctors since they were reported by the caregivers to be the commonest source of information.
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    Spontaneous expulsion of an intrabronchial sharp metallic foreign body and migration to the gastrointestinal tract at Muhimbili national hospital: case report and literature review
    (Elsevier LTD, 2020) Abrahama, Zephania Saitabau; Kahinga, Aveline Aloyce; Mapondella, Kassim Babu; Massawe, Enica Richard; Ntunaguzi, Daudi
    Aspirated foreign bodies continue to pose challenges to Otorhinolaryngologists and are potentially life threatening thus an otorhinolaryngological emergency. The main stay of treatment of foreign bodies (FBs) in the tracheobronchial tree remains to be bronchoscopy while bearing in mind earlier and safer removal of such foreign bodies. Spontaneous expulsion of an Intrabronchial foreign body is a rare entity with few cases reported in the available literatures. We are reporting a rare case of a 3-year old male child who presented to otorhinolaryngology department with a 2-days history of foreign body inhalation (sharp metallic pin) prior admission which undergone spontaneous migration and went to be excreted in feaces after passing through the gastrointestinal tract. It is unwise, dangerous and inadvisable to wait for spontaneous expulsion in cases of intrabronchial foreign body but while preparing for endoscopy, a constant watch should be kept over the patient and every forceful bout of cough should be looked with suspicion of spontaneous expulsion and a danger of foreign body lodgment into subglottis during such rare but possible occurrence should be kept in mind. Its always worth to rule out the possibility of foreign body inhalation in children with sudden onset of difficulty in breathing to avoid diagnostic delays.