Browsing by Author "Alphonce, Chrispina"

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    Morphosyntactic analysis of relative clause markers in Chindali
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2022) Mwang'eka, Imani; Alphonce, Chrispina; Selestino, Adronis
    This article analyses the basic morphosyntactic features of relative clause markers (RMs) in Chindali, spoken in Tanzania. A qualitative approach was employed with a descriptive research design in the process of generating, analysing data, as well as reporting the findings. The data for the study were collected through text collection. The researcher gathered sentences with relative clauses (RCs) from 10 informants by recording them with their consent, and three (3) written Chindali storybooks. Informants were sampled through the snowball technique. The study revealed that Chindali RCs are marked by free-standing relative pronouns that are bound by agreement. These RMs are classified based on the noun class system of the language. It further revealed that RMs can be formed morphologically with or without class agreement marker (CAM). Chindali RMs with CAM have the morphological structure of ‘CAM + stem-o’, whereas RMs without CAM have the morphological structure ‘stem (C/CC+O)’. RMs without CAM results from deletion process. RMs are distinguished phonologically by the reduplication of the consonants of the CAM(s), followed by a clitic ‘o’ which is the root of the marker. It is also distinguished by the affixation of the glides (G) ‘w’ and ‘y’ in some consonants, as well as the change of the vowel to clitic ‘o’. CAM has the phonological shape CVC (G) V. The relative clauses are introduced syntactically by the language’s relative markers placed at the beginning of a clause linking the RC and a head noun; thus, making the RC an NP syntactic modifier. In Chindali, relative clauses are externally headed postnominal relatives introduced by RMs with a NRC pattern expressing class agreement with the head noun. Semantically, relative markers influence the types of RCs that exist, whether they are restrictive or appositive relatives; and modify things, persons, animals or ideas. The study suggests further research into other aspects of Chindali’s relativization.
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    Using indigenous languages for enhanced global marketing in Tanzania
    (IGI Global, 2021) Mapunda, Ernest; Alphonce, Chrispina
    As the sector of commercialization is expanding, within Tanzania and globally, finding wider markets has become a great challenge. The authors opine that businesses will be enhanced by using local languages. The study maintains that language links with the culture that has a great influence on global marketing such as product design, branding, and distribution process. The study collected data through surveys, interviews, and observation in three regions, namely Iringa, Dodoma, and Dar es Salaam. The results were later analyzed qualitatively using descriptions and tables. Results revealed that out of 60 respondents that took part, 23% of the customers are from the western countries, 20% are from East Africa, 16% from other African countries, and 51% are within Tanzania. The majority, 80%, stated that even though they market their products outside Tanzania, the only languages used are English and Kiswahili. It is anticipated that companies that use indigenous languages will bring their customers individualistically or collectively much closer, widening the products' markets in Tanzania.