Browsing by Author "Bilame, O."

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    Barriers to Corporate Social Responsibility Implementation in Tanzania: Evidence from the North Mara Gold Mine
    (Adonis and Abbey Publishers, 2024) Gillo, Immaculate O.; Bilame, O.; Assenga, Emiliana A.
    Various studies have reported barriers facing privately owned mining companies in implementing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices. While this is fairly well known for private companies, the barriers faced by partly government-owned mining companies remain to be established. Therefore, this study sought to examine the barriers that inhibit the implementation of CSR practices and analyse strategies to overcome these barriers. The study was cross sectional, it involved 358 respondents selected by using a systematic random sampling technique. The data was collected using questionnaires, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and documentary reviews. Data was analysed using descriptive analysis and content analysis. It was found that poor community involvement, improper use of CSR funds, and a lack of transparency were the major barriers to the implementation of CSR. The main strategies to improve CSR were also suggested. It is recommended to establish an independent national CSR body to manage, coordinate, and organise CSR work in Tanzania.
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    Measuring the economic use values of recreation resources in protected areas, evidence from Nyerere national park in Tanzania
    (Science Publishing Group, 2021) Bigirwa, D.; Msese, Lukelo R.; Rwakalaza, R.; Bilame, O.
    Natural recreation resources play a central role in tourism activities in most part of the world as they are main source of tourist attractions. Despite this, little is known on the economic use values of natural recreation resources in Tanzania. Little information on the economic use values of natural recreational resources is attributed by market failure issues embedded with these resources as they belong to non-market goods and services which normally do not have actual market prices. In most instances these resources are considered free gifts of nature and in case they are priced their values are usually under estimated. Environmental valuation techniques can quantify the economic use value of non market goods and services such as natural recreation resources. This study employed the Individual Travel Cost Method to measure the economic use value of recreation resources in Nyerere National Park (NNP). Specifically, the study measured the consumer surplus per tourist per trip and estimated the annual recreation use value of the park. The study involved 215 tourists who were grouped into resident and non-resident tourists. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14 and a Zero Truncated Poisson Regression Model was employed to estimate tourists’ demand function. The findings show that consumer surplus for resident, non-resident and when the two groups were combined together were $62.25, $490.48 and $517.01 respectively. The annual recreation use value for resident, non-resident and both resident and non-resident tourists were respectively $89,017.5, $4,255,404.48 and $7,251,661.36. The recreational value estimated in this study underscores the significance of conserving recreation resources in NNP. It also demonstrates that recreation activities can contribute significantly to the country economy like other economic activities thus natural recreation resources should not be underrated due to their embedded market failures. The study concludes that NNP has a significant economic value which calls for the responsible institutions in the country to properly manage the park so as to ensure a continuous flow of these benefits. Specifically, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism and Tanzania National Parks could use the findings of this study to improve tourism activities in NNP and the country at large by designing sustainable nature-based tourism strategies which meet tourists’ preferences and country tourism goals. This will attract more tourists in the country which will increase the recreation values of NNP and other natural recreation areas.
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    The contribution of the livelihood assets of artisanal fisheries to household livelihoods in Zanzibar islands, Tanzania
    (Egyptian Knowledge Bank, 2024) Ali, S.M.; Bilame, O.; Ngusah, D.
    This paper reports on the contribution of the artisanal fisheries livelihood assets on household livelihoods in the five fishing villages from Zanzibar Islands namely; Kizimkazi Dimbani, Chwaka, Unguja Ukuu Kaepwani, Tumbe Mashariki and Michenzani. Cross-sectional research design was employed to generate quantitative data through a household survey and qualitative data were drawn through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews. Data were drawn from a sample of 333 artisanal fishers who were obtained from the 1991 population through the Yamane formula. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used to perform a chi-square test and binary logistic analysis to assess the association between the livelihood assets of artisanal fisheries and household livelihoods. Results of this study found that the livelihood assets of artisanal fisheries had a statistical association with household livelihoods and the majority of artisanal fishers (79.28%) fall under low household livelihoods outcomes. It has been found that high household livelihood was significantly associated with artisanal fishers who use fibber boats (p=0.0066), motorized fishing vessels (p=0.0409), acquired formal fishing knowledge and skills (p=0.0277), and those fishers who were members of fisher’s cooperatives (p=0.0059). It is therefore recommended that the respective government in collaboration with other fisheries stakeholders should address these factors when designing the intervention for improving the artisanal fisheries that will improve the household livelihoods of the artisanal fishers.