Browsing by Author "Duma, R. A."

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A deep feature interaction and fusion model for fake review detection: Advocating heterogeneous graph convolutional network
    (Elsevier BV, 2024) Duma, R. A.; Niu, Z.; Nyamawe, A. S.; Manjotho, A. A.
    In contemporary real-world scenarios, opinion spammers are hired to fabricate reviews that unfairly promote or demote particular products or services for personal gain. Although considerable attention has been devoted to addressing the problem, existing approaches often overlook the heterogeneous nature of reviewer–product interactions. Specifically, the correlation between review text (comments) and overall ratings, which provides various latent rich information to expose fake reviews, remains inadequately explored. Current methodologies focus on limited interactions, such as reviewer–review, product–review, or reviewer–product interactions, while neglecting significant aspects like reviewer–review–product and reviewer–rating–product interactions, leading to inadequate classifier performance. Motivated by this observation, this study proposes a novel Deep Feature Interaction and Fusion Model (DFIFM) whose ideas are five-folds: (a) constructing a reviewer–product interaction bipartite graph that represents heterogeneous feature node interactions through review text and overall rating values; (b) recognizing the existing mutual interactive relationship between review text and overall rating features, we construct a unified GCN to gain additional insights into feature relationships and capture mutual heterogeneous interactions between nodes; (c) to handle the encoding of unstructured review text features as edge attributes, we adopt a convolutional neural network (CNN); (d) attention mechanisms and fusion techniques are employed to capture interdependencies among reviewer–product latent features; and (e) a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) utilizes the resulting latent feature representation for review classification. Experimental results on three publicly available datasets demonstrate its superiority over state-of-the-art baselines.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A deep feature interaction and fusion model for fake review detection: Advocating heterogeneous graph convolutional network
    (Elsevier BV, 2024) Duma, R. A.; Niu, Z.; Nyamawe, A. S.; Manjotho, A. A.
    In contemporary real-world scenarios, opinion spammers are hired to fabricate reviews that unfairly promote or demote particular products or services for personal gain. Although considerable attention has been devoted to addressing the problem, existing approaches often overlook the heterogeneous nature of reviewer–product interactions. Specifically, the correlation between review text (comments) and overall ratings, which provides various latent rich information to expose fake reviews, remains inadequately explored. Current methodologies focus on limited interactions, such as reviewer–review, product–review, or reviewer–product interactions, while neglecting significant aspects like reviewer–review–product and reviewer–rating–product interactions, leading to inadequate classifier performance. Motivated by this observation, this study proposes a novel Deep Feature Interaction and Fusion Model (DFIFM) whose ideas are five-folds: (a) constructing a reviewer–product interaction bipartite graph that represents heterogeneous feature node interactions through review text and overall rating values; (b) recognizing the existing mutual interactive relationship between review text and overall rating features, we construct a unified GCN to gain additional insights into feature relationships and capture mutual heterogeneous interactions between nodes; (c) to handle the encoding of unstructured review text features as edge attributes, we adopt a convolutional neural network (CNN); (d) attention mechanisms and fusion techniques are employed to capture interdependencies among reviewer–product latent features; and (e) a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) utilizes the resulting latent feature representation for review classification. Experimental results on three publicly available datasets demonstrate its superiority over state-of-the-art baselines.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Fake review detection techniques, issues, and future research directions: a literature review
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024) Duma, R. A.; Niu, Z.; Nyamawe, A.S.; Tchaye-Kondi, J.; Jingili, N; Yusuf, A. A.; Deve, A. F
    Refactoring is one of the techniques mostly employed by software developers to improve the quality attributes of their systems. However, little has been done to investigate how refactoring operations specifically aimed at improving the internal structure of software can impact its security. Refactoring usually entails different code change operations including the decomposition of classes, methods, and the reallocation of code elements. While this refinement aims to improve the internal design of a system, it might inadvertently disperse security-critical code elements throughout the codebase. Consequently, such dispersion could contribute to an increase in the software attack surface. To this end, this paper presents an empirical study conducted on 30 open-source software systems that were developed in Python, C, and Java. The study scrutinized two subsequent versions of each subject application to uncover the refactoring operations applied and the trend of security vulnerabilities. Specifically, the study focused on the injection or removal of bugs, code smells and other vulnerabilities aiming to discern the impact of refactorings on the software attack surface. Data was collected using well-known tools, namely SonarQube, RefDiff, and PyReff. The findings suggest that refactorings can have multiple effects (i.e., positive, negative, or neutral) on bugs, code smells, and vulnerabilities. The findings further confirm that developers must be aware of the combination or sequence of refactoring operations that can improve software quality without compromising its security.