Browsing by Author "Fawzi, W."

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    Maternal dietary diversity and growth of children under 24 months of age in rural Dodoma, Tanzania
    (Sage publishing, 2018) Huang, M.; Sudfeld, C.; Ismail, A.; Vuai, S.; Ntwenya, J.; Mwanyika-Sando, M.; Fawzi, W.
    Objective: To identify predictors of maternal dietary diversity in rural Dodoma, Tanzania and assess its association with child growth outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 361 mothers with children under 24 months of age was con-ducted in 5 villages in rural Dodoma, Tanzania. Maternal diets were assessed using food frequency questionnaires, and dietary diversity was categorized using Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) guidelines. Child anthropometric measures were taken to calculate height-for-agez-score (HAZ), weight-for-heightz-score (WHZ), and weight-for-agez-score (WAZ). Linear and logistic regressions were used to examine the association between maternal dietary diversity and children’s growth outcomes. Results: About 40% of mothers did not consume a diverse diet (MDD-W < 5), and 35% of children were stunted. Household production of greater number of crops was associated with greater MDD-W scores (P< .01). Greater maternal dietary diversity was associated with significantly greater child WHZ (mean difference¼0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10-0.78;P¼.01), WAZ (mean dif-ference¼0.37; 95% CI: 0.08-0.65;P¼.01), and reduced risk of wasting (odds ratio¼0.22; 95% CI:0.07-0.66;P¼.01). Conclusions: Greater maternal dietary diversity was associated with improved child WHZ and WAZ outcomes. Sustainable interventions to increase maternal dietary diversity may improve WHZ and WAZ in young children in similar settings.
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    Prevalence and risk factors associated with malnutrition among adolescents in rural Tanzania
    (Wiley Online, 2020) Ismail, A.; Darling, A. M.; Mosha, D.; Fawzi, W.; Sudfeld, C.; Sando, M. M.; Noor, R. A.; Charles, J.; Vuai, S.
    To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with malnutrition among adolescents in a rural Tanzanian community. Cross-sectional survey of 1226 randomly selected adolescents from the Dodoma Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in the Chamwino district in the Dodoma region. Anthropometric measurements for weight and height were collected. Height-for-age-z-scores (HAZs) and body mass index (BMI)-for-age-z-scores (BAZs) were computed. Descriptive estimates were documented in graphs and tables, and weighted linear regression models were used to examine predictors of malnutrition. Stunting prevalence was 18%, and thinness prevalence was 14%. Overweight and obesity affected 5.23% of participants. Girls had higher HAZs (b: 0.46, 95% CI 0.33, 0.59, P < 0.0001) and BAZs (b: 0.20, 95% CI 0.05, 0.35, P = 0.0098) than boys. Age was inversely associated with HAZs (b: _0.13, 95% CI _0.17, _0.08, P < 0.0001) and BAZs (b: _0.05, 95% CI _0.10, _0.004, P = 0.0327). Wealth score (b: 0.10, 95% CI 0.04, 0.16, P = 0.0009) and dietary diversity score (b: 0.04, 95% CI 0.01, 0.07, P = 0.0080) were positively associated with HAZs and BAZs. Out of school adolescents had higher HAZs (b: _0.49, 95% CI _0.75, _0.23, P = 0.0003) and BAZs (b:0.68, 95% CI _0.99, _0.37, P < 0.0001) than adolescents who attended school. There are substantial variations of HAZs and BAZs across gender, age, education and wealth, with an emerging burden of overweight and obesity among adolescents in this rural population. Interventions are urgently required to curb both ends of the malnutrition spectrum.