Browsing by Author "Fawzi, Wafaie"

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    Gender differences in nutritional status, diet and physical activity among adolescents in eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa
    (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2020) Darling, Anne Marie; Sunguya, Bruno; Ismail, Abbas; Manu, Abubakar; Canavan, Chelsey; Assefa, Nega; Sie, Ali; Fawzi, Wafaie; Sudfeld, Chris; Guwattude, David
    The objective of this study was to evaluate gender differences in nutritional status, dietary intake, physical activity and hand hygiene among adolescents from diverse geographical settings in sub‐Saharan Africa.This study utilised cross‐sectional data from six countries (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda) within the ARISE Adolescent Health Survey (n = 7625). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using measured heights and weights, and z‐scores were calculated based on the 2007 WHO growth standards for age and sex. Information on demographics, diet and health behaviours was collected through face‐to‐face interviews using a standardised questionnaire. Site‐specific and pooled prevalence ratios were determined. The prevalence of underweight, overweight and stunting pooled across sites was 14.3%, 6.8% and 18.1%, respectively. Female sex was associated with a lower risk of being underweight (pooled prevalence ratio 0.66, 95% 0.57, 0.77) and stunted (pooled PR 0.63, 95% CI 0.55, 0.71), but a higher risk of being overweight (pooled PR 1.60, 95% CI 1.26, 2.06). Females were also less likely to exercise for 1 h or more per day (pooled PR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67, 0.88), and more likely to wash hands after using toilets or latrines and to wash hands with soap (pooled PRs 1.13, 95% CI 1.05, 1.21 and 1.35, 95% CI 1.23, 1.45, respectively).Our results emphasise that sex is a key predictor of nutritional status among sub‐Saharan African adolescents and suggest that gender‐specific interventions may be required to reduce the double burden of under‐ and overnutrition.
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    Impact of COVID-19 on nutrition, food security and dietary diversity and quality in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia and Nigeria
    (Oxford University Press, 2021) Madzorera, Isabel; Ismail, Abbas; Hemler, Elena; Korte, Michelle; Olufemi, Adedokun; Wang, Dongqing; Assefa, Nega; Workneh, Firehiwot; Lankoande, Bruno; Chukwu, Angela; Ourohire, Millogo; Mattei, Josiemer; Soura, Abdramane; Berhane, Yemane; Sie, Ali; Oduola, Ayoade; Fawzi, Wafaie
    COVID-19 has far-reaching consequences for developing countries through the combined effects of infection and mortality and unintended consequences from mitigation measures. COVID-19 can adversely impact food systems and dietary diversity for populations. This cross-sectional study evaluated, using a mobile platform, the effect of COVID-19 on food prices and dietary diversity and quality, among 1797 households in Nouna and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), Addis Ababa and Kersa (Ethiopia), and Lagos and Ibadan. Methods: Dietary intake was assessed as the frequency of consumption of 20 food groups over the previous 7 days. Dietary diversity scores (DDS; range: 0–10) and Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS; range: 0–40) assessed dietary diversity and quality. Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between changes in the prices of staples, pulses, vegetables, fruits, and animal source foods (ASF) with DDS and PDQS during COVID-19. Most households reported increases in prices of staples, pulses, fruits, vegetables and ASF, and ≥40% reported decreased consumption of staples, legumes, ASF, other vitamin A rich vegetables, other vegetables and other fruits, and lower DDS and PDQS compared to the period before the COVID-19 emergency. Increases in pulse prices were associated with lower DDS (estimate − 0.35, 95% CI: −0.61, −0.09). Lower crop production (estimate − 0.70, 95% CI: −1.02, −0.37), and skipping meals (estimate − 0.39, 95% CI: −0.56, −0.21) or not eating for a whole day (estimate − 0.23, 95% CI: −0.43, −0.03) were also associated with lower DDS. The price increases and worsening dietary diversity and quality call for social protection and other strategies to increase the availability and affordability of nutrient-rich foods during the COVID19 pandemic and other public health emergencies.
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    Impact of COVID-19 on nutrition, food security and dietary diversity and quality in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia and Nigeria
    (OXFORD ACADEMIC, 2021) Madzorera, Isabel; Ismail, Abbas; Hemler, Elena; Korte, Michelle; Olufemi, Adedokun; Wang, Dongqing; Assefa, Nega; Workneh, Firehiwot; Lankoande, Bruno; Chukwu, Angela; Ourohire, Millogo; Mattei, Josiemer; Soura, Abdramane; Berhane, Yemane; Sie, Ali; Oduola, Ayoade; Fawzi, Wafaie
    COVID-19 has far-reaching consequences for developing countries through the combined effects of infection and mortality and unintended consequences from mitigation measures. COVID-19 can adversely impact food systems and dietary diversity for populations. This cross-sectional study evaluated, using a mobile platform, the effect of COVID-19 on food prices and dietary diversity and quality, among 1797 households in Nouna and Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), Addis Ababa and Kersa (Ethiopia), and Lagos and Ibadan (Nigeria). Dietary intake was assessed as the frequency of consumption of 20 food groups over the previous 7 days. Dietary diversity scores (DDS; range: 0–10) and Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS; range: 0–40) assessed dietary diversity and quality. Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between changes in the prices of staples, pulses, vegetables, fruits, and animal source foods (ASF) with DDS and PDQS during COVID-19. Most households reported increases in prices of staples, pulses, fruits, vegetables and ASF, and ≥40% reported decreased consumption of staples, legumes, ASF, other vitamin A rich vegetables, other vegetables and other fruits, and lower DDS and PDQS compared to the period before the COVID-19 emergency. Increases in pulse prices were associated with lower DDS (estimate − 0.35, 95% CI: −0.61, −0.09). Lower crop production (estimate − 0.70, 95% CI: −1.02, −0.37), and skipping meals (estimate − 0.39, 95% CI: −0.56, −0.21) or not eating for a whole day (estimate − 0.23, 95% CI: −0.43, −0.03) were also associated with lower DDS. The price increases and worsening dietary diversity and quality call for social protection and other strategies to increase the availability and affordability of nutrient-rich foods during the COVID-19 pandemic and other public health emergencies. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grant as well as institutional support from the Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Germany and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA, supported this work.