Browsing by Author "Gillo, Immaculate O."
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Item Barriers to Corporate Social Responsibility Implementation in Tanzania: Evidence from the North Mara Gold Mine(Adonis and Abbey Publishers, 2024) Gillo, Immaculate O.; Bilame, O.; Assenga, Emiliana A.Various studies have reported barriers facing privately owned mining companies in implementing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices. While this is fairly well known for private companies, the barriers faced by partly government-owned mining companies remain to be established. Therefore, this study sought to examine the barriers that inhibit the implementation of CSR practices and analyse strategies to overcome these barriers. The study was cross sectional, it involved 358 respondents selected by using a systematic random sampling technique. The data was collected using questionnaires, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and documentary reviews. Data was analysed using descriptive analysis and content analysis. It was found that poor community involvement, improper use of CSR funds, and a lack of transparency were the major barriers to the implementation of CSR. The main strategies to improve CSR were also suggested. It is recommended to establish an independent national CSR body to manage, coordinate, and organise CSR work in Tanzania.Item Community Participation in Corporate Social Responsibility Practices of North Mara Gold Mine in Tanzania(The University of Dodoma, 2024) Gillo, Immaculate O.; Bilame, O; Assenga, Emiliana A.Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) projects that do not engage local communities around the areas of their operation are often unsuccessful or rejected by their intended beneficiaries. In Tanzania, some communities ignore or reject CSR projects, raising doubts about whether they were initially involved in such projects. Drawing from North Mara Gold Mine CSR initiatives, this paper argues that community acceptance or rejection of CSR projects relates to the extent to which the mining company engages with the community. The paper utilises survey data drawn from a systematic sample of 358 households. In addition, it uses data from interviews, documentary review and focus group discussions. The study applies descriptive and content analysis to make sense of the data. The results show inadequate involvement of communities around the goldmine in all the stages of the CSR project cycle. Consequently, the North Mara Gold Mine’s CSR initiatives have not served as an effective tool to harmonise community relations and mitigate conflicts.Item Impact of climate variability and change on livelihood of the Barbaig community in Hanang district, Manyara region, Tanzania(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Gillo, Immaculate O.This study assessed the impact of climate variability and change on livelihood of the Barbaig community in Hanang District, Manyara region, Tanzania. Three research objectives guided the study. Firstly, to examine the Barbaig pastoral community knowledge and experience on climate variability and change. Secondly, to establish the effects of climate variability and change on the livelihood of pastoral community in the study area. Thirdly, to identify strategies used to adopt and mitigate climate variability and change effects for the pastoral communities. One hundred and ten (110) respondents were subjected to semi-structured interviews. In addition, field observation, focus group discussion and documentary review were used to collect all the required data. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16.0 and the use of description was employed. Results indicated that 76% and 72% of the respondents interviewed from Gisambalang and Dirma respectively were aware of the climate change and variability. More than a half of them agreed on experiencing prolonged drought (94% and 92% of respondents from Gisambalang and Dirma respectively followed by High temperature; 78-90% of Gisambalang and Dirma pastoralists and heavy rainfall which account for 63% of respondents from Gisambalang and 56% from Dirma. The major source of information of Barbaig community on climate variability and change is Parents which accounts for 83% of the respondents. Village elders (69%) and news papers and magazines (41%) were also mentioned as the second and the third sources of information on climate variability and change respectively. also Local Government leaders (24%) and extension officers 21% were identified as among the sources of information on the incidences of climate variability and change. The study revealed that, climate variability and change has many impacts on Barbaig community. Several things were mentioned as impacts of climate variability and change: 72% of response indicated that it accelerates Poverty among the Barbaig community, drying of sources of water (86%) and Drought which accounts for 91%. On the Barbaig livelihood aspect, climate variability and change has many impact as 94% of response indicate the food insecurity resulting from prolonged drought and shortage of rainfall, decline of income (88%), Loss of assets like grazing lands and livestock which accounts for 89% of total respondents. The findings of the study show that pastoral community adopted different strategies to cope with climate variability and change. The mostly mentioned strategies adopted are diversifying income generation activities, selling of livestock due to shortage of pasture and water, rotational grazing, changing the type of animals to keep and others decide to migrate to other areas. Several recommendations were made including understanding recognizing and investigating on adoptive capacity of pastoralist to climate change and building on what pastoralists are already doing to adapt the situation. Empower pastoralist communities (capacity building) in addressing the issues of climate change both in formulating climate change policies and in integrating climate change into development priorities and implementation at the national level, including the planning of climate change adoption strategies.