Browsing by Author "Haule, Kelvin"

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    Assessment of soil quality along the proposed main road through Ngorongoro and Northern Serengeti, Tanzania
    (University of Dar es salaam, 2022) Othman, Othman C.; Kaswamila, Abiud L.; Bevanger, Kjetil; Mwakipesile, Augustino; Haule, Kelvin; Kihwele, Emilian; Summay, Gloria; Gereta, Emmanuel
    A new road through northern Serengeti National Park is proposed to be built. The purpose of this study was to collect baseline data on soils along the route of the proposed road before its construction. The physicochemical properties were used to characterize the soil before the construction of the proposed road. Levels of soil macro-elements mainly potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na), and physicochemical properties: electrical conductivity (EC), pH, organic carbon (OC), soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), cation exchange capacity (CEC), phosphorus (P), aluminium (Al) were determined. Also, heavy metals: cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) were analyzed. This study was done on the eastern (Ngorongoro District) and western (Serengeti District) segments of the proposed road. The ranges in average values obtained for the physicochemical parameters and metal concentrations in the soils were: 0.05–0.57 mS/m for EC, 6.5–7.9 for pH, 0.71–1.23% for OC, 0.30–0.74 g/kg for TN, 1.23–2.12% for SOM, 20.6–79.7 mg/kg for available P, 0.27–2.08 meq/100-g for available K, 9.89–30.3 meq/100-g for available Ca, 0.29–0.67 meq/100-g for available Mg, 0.06–1.35 meq/100-g for available Na, 11.04–33.12 meq/100-g for CEC, 46702.9–63963.3 mg/kg for Al, BDL for Cd, 24.70–101.55 mg/kg for Cr, 27.31–34.96 mg/kg for Cu, 32390.8–42439 mg/kg for Fe, 18.06–22.19 mg/kg for Pb, 957.1–1458.9 mg/kg for Mn, BDL for Hg, 20.24–32.52 mg/kg for Ni and 96.09–124.14 mg/kg for Zn. These observed levels indicate that the soils before road construction are unpolluted, moderately fertile and within the specifications of good agricultural soil. On the western segment of the proposed road, the soil will need application of fertilizers for better agricultural usage.
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    Social-cultural impacts of development projects: expansion of Morogoro highway in Tanzania
    (Brill, 2023) Kilonzo, Rehema; Haule, Kelvin
    Land is one of the contentious development and political issue facing Tanzania and many Sub Saharan African countries. Most of these issues focus on the privatization of land as a result of neo-liberal economic reforms, evictions and conflicts generated. To understand development as a concept and its outcome, arguments in this paper are drawn from the study that explored socio-cultural impacts of the construction of Morogoro highway in Tanzania. Further, the paper makes an analysis of the land patterns and the meanings people attach to the land. Finally, we make an analysis of the social movements established by people in response to evictions along the highway. The study was conducted along Morogoro highway in Dar es Salaam and Pwani regions. It employed mainly qualitative approach, where archival information from NBS, Our World Data, indepth interviews, focus group discussions and observations were used. Key findings indicate that there is a gap between the meanings assigned to development projects and the socio-cultural configurations attached to land. This has resulted into myriad conflicts and evictions. A central argument in this paper is that for the land development program to be meaningful, there is a need to involve all land actors in the process.
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    Social-cultural impacts of development projects: Expansion of Morogoro highway in Tanzania
    (Brill, 2023-02-03) Kilonzo, Rehema; Haule, Kelvin
    Land is one of the contentious development and political issue facing Tanzania and many Sub Saharan African countries. Most of these issues focus on the privatization of land as a result of neo-liberal economic reforms, evictions and conflicts generated. To understand development as a concept and its outcome, arguments in this paper are drawn from the study that explored socio-cultural impacts of the construction of Morogoro highway in Tanzania. Further, the paper makes an analysis of the land patterns and the meanings people attach to the land. Finally, we make an analysis of the social movements established by people in response to evictions along the highway. The study was conducted along Morogoro highway in Dar es Salaam and Pwani regions. It employed mainly qualitative approach, where archival information from NBS, Our World Data, indepth interviews, focus group discussions and observations were used. Key findings indicate that there is a gap between the meanings assigned to development projects and the socio-cultural configurations attached to land. This has resulted into myriad conflicts and evictions. A central argument in this paper is that for the land development program to be meaningful, there is a need to involve all land actors in the process.