Browsing by Author "Ismail, A."
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Item Job and work attitude determinants: An application of multivariate analysis.(Macrothink Institute, 2012) Josephat, P.; Ismail, A.This paper analyzed variables that used to measure job and work attitude of an employee in an organization. Analysis was done using multivariate analysis. Data used was collected from Dodoma and Musoma municipalities as the municipalities were randomly selected. A sample size of the study was 118. Cross sectional research design was adopted. The study found that there are five factors which influence job and work attitude. These are satisfaction, independency, teamwork, freedom of expression and supervisory relationship. All these factors are significantly positive related to dependent variable job and work attitude.Item Knowledge and perception on tuberculosis transmission in Tanzania: Multinomial logistic regression analysis of secondary data(2014) Ismail, A.; Josephat, P.Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important public health problems in Tanzania and was declared as a national public health emergency in 2006. Community and individual knowledge and perceptions are critical factors in the control of the disease. The objective of this study was to analyze the knowledge and perception on the transmission of TB in Tanzania. Multinomial Logistic Regression analysis was considered in order to quantify the impact of knowledge and perception on TB. The data used was adopted as secondary data from larger national survey 2007-08 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey. The findings across groups revealed that knowledge on TB transmission increased with an increase in age and level of education. People in rural areas had less knowledge regarding tuberculosis transmission compared to urban areas [OR=0.7]. People with the access to radio [OR=1.7] were more knowledgeable on tuberculosis transmission compared to those who did not have access to radio. People who did not have telephone [OR=0.6] were less knowledgeable on tuberculosis route of transmission compared to those who had telephone. The findings showed that socio-demographic factors such as age, education, place of residence and owning telephone or radio varied systematically with knowledge on tuberculosis transmission.Item Maternal dietary diversity and growth of children under 24 months of age in rural Dodoma, Tanzania(Sage publishing, 2018) Huang, M.; Sudfeld, C.; Ismail, A.; Vuai, S.; Ntwenya, J.; Mwanyika-Sando, M.; Fawzi, W.Objective: To identify predictors of maternal dietary diversity in rural Dodoma, Tanzania and assess its association with child growth outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 361 mothers with children under 24 months of age was con-ducted in 5 villages in rural Dodoma, Tanzania. Maternal diets were assessed using food frequency questionnaires, and dietary diversity was categorized using Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) guidelines. Child anthropometric measures were taken to calculate height-for-agez-score (HAZ), weight-for-heightz-score (WHZ), and weight-for-agez-score (WAZ). Linear and logistic regressions were used to examine the association between maternal dietary diversity and children’s growth outcomes. Results: About 40% of mothers did not consume a diverse diet (MDD-W < 5), and 35% of children were stunted. Household production of greater number of crops was associated with greater MDD-W scores (P< .01). Greater maternal dietary diversity was associated with significantly greater child WHZ (mean difference¼0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10-0.78;P¼.01), WAZ (mean dif-ference¼0.37; 95% CI: 0.08-0.65;P¼.01), and reduced risk of wasting (odds ratio¼0.22; 95% CI:0.07-0.66;P¼.01). Conclusions: Greater maternal dietary diversity was associated with improved child WHZ and WAZ outcomes. Sustainable interventions to increase maternal dietary diversity may improve WHZ and WAZ in young children in similar settings.Item Prevalence and risk factors associated with malnutrition among adolescents in rural Tanzania(Wiley Online, 2020) Ismail, A.; Darling, A. M.; Mosha, D.; Fawzi, W.; Sudfeld, C.; Sando, M. M.; Noor, R. A.; Charles, J.; Vuai, S.To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with malnutrition among adolescents in a rural Tanzanian community. Cross-sectional survey of 1226 randomly selected adolescents from the Dodoma Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in the Chamwino district in the Dodoma region. Anthropometric measurements for weight and height were collected. Height-for-age-z-scores (HAZs) and body mass index (BMI)-for-age-z-scores (BAZs) were computed. Descriptive estimates were documented in graphs and tables, and weighted linear regression models were used to examine predictors of malnutrition. Stunting prevalence was 18%, and thinness prevalence was 14%. Overweight and obesity affected 5.23% of participants. Girls had higher HAZs (b: 0.46, 95% CI 0.33, 0.59, P < 0.0001) and BAZs (b: 0.20, 95% CI 0.05, 0.35, P = 0.0098) than boys. Age was inversely associated with HAZs (b: _0.13, 95% CI _0.17, _0.08, P < 0.0001) and BAZs (b: _0.05, 95% CI _0.10, _0.004, P = 0.0327). Wealth score (b: 0.10, 95% CI 0.04, 0.16, P = 0.0009) and dietary diversity score (b: 0.04, 95% CI 0.01, 0.07, P = 0.0080) were positively associated with HAZs and BAZs. Out of school adolescents had higher HAZs (b: _0.49, 95% CI _0.75, _0.23, P = 0.0003) and BAZs (b:0.68, 95% CI _0.99, _0.37, P < 0.0001) than adolescents who attended school. There are substantial variations of HAZs and BAZs across gender, age, education and wealth, with an emerging burden of overweight and obesity among adolescents in this rural population. Interventions are urgently required to curb both ends of the malnutrition spectrum.Item Statistical measurement of service quality in Tanzania industries: A case of Said Salim Bakhresa & Co Ltd(Macrothink Institute, 2012) Ismail, A.; Josephat, P.The study aimed to use statistical techniques to measure quality of services produced by Said Salim Bakhresa & Co Ltd. The study was conducted among wholesalers and bakeries who sell wheat flour produced by the company. These were selected from four different locations representing the major towns where the wheat flour and its products are widely consumed. These are Dar es Salaam, Morogoro, Arusha, Moshi and Tanga. Sample size for the study was 434. The study employed the cross-sectional study design and prestructured questionnaire was used to collect data. Factor analysis and regression analysis are statistical techniques performed. From eleven attributes outlined by ISO: 9000: 2008, the factor analysis formed four components: product quality; packaging; timeliness and promptness; and customer care. The findings show that all the components achieved good quality level because all have quality scale index less than 2.99. Regression analysis was adopted to generate ISO-Quality model, model shows that among the four components of qualities, two components (product quality and customer care) are statistically significant related with the company being ISO certified. In general product quality and packaging seem to perform better than the rest of the components.