Browsing by Author "Masanyiwa, Zacharia S."

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Impacts of artisanal fishing to the livelihoods of small scale fishing communities in Lake Victoria in Ukerewe district, Tanzania
    (Indore, 2012) Kulwijila, Mary; Masanyiwa, Zacharia S.; Namwata, Baltazar M.L.
    Fisheries play an important role in the livelihoods of riparian communities in Tanzania. However, changes in biodiversity and commercialization of the sector in recent decades have adversely affected fishing communities. Most studies on the sector have focused mainly on the biological and technical aspects and less on the socio-economic impacts of these changes to local communities. This paper analyses the impacts of Nile perch fishery to small scale fishing communities in Lake Victoria using a case of selected villages in Ukerewe district. Specifically, the paper examines profitability of Nile perch fishery to small scale fishing communities and its contribution to household income and non-income poverty reduction in comparison to other fishery. A cross section survey was employed to collect primary data from 140 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis included the use of means, percentages, and cross tabulation using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Gross margin analysis was used to examine profitability of Nile perch and other fishery to small scale fishing communities. Results show that Nile perch fishery was far more profitable than fishery of other species. Comparison of means using paired T-test indicated that profit from Nile perch fishery significantly exceeds that of other species. Results further indicate that Nile perch contributes significantly to household income by 59% for fishers, 62% for traders and 40% for processors. While more than half of respondents have good quality houses and can afford health services, majority of them are food insecure. It is concluded that Nile perch fishing has an important role in reducing both income and non-income poverty, hence the need to promote more pro-poor policies to improve livelihoods of small scale fisher communities.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Urban wastewater utilization for economic activities in Dodoma urban district, Tanzania
    (International Journal of Research in Chemistry and Environment (IJRCE), 2015) Mamboya, Sarah F.; Tenge, Albino J.; Masanyiwa, Zacharia S.
    In the semi-arid areas of Tanzania that experience frequent periods of drought, wastewater is a critical resource for landed and landless households. This wastewater, which is generated daily by a rapidly growing population, and which flows into the ground, supports a variety of livelihood activities that require water. This study was conducted among 215 randomly and purposively sampled respondents to assess the use of wastewater for economic activities for improving livelihood in Dodoma Municipality which is one semi-arid areas in Tanzania. Specifically, the study intended to (i) identify the economic activities practised, (ii) determine the main economic activities that utilize wastewater and, (iii) find out the extent of wastewater utilization for economic activities in the study area. Primary data were collected through a survey among wastewater users and semi-structured interviews with key informants. Secondary data were collected through documentary review of different documents obtained from the relevant offices and officials. Descriptive statistics including cross tabulation and frequency distributions were analysed. The findings show that the major economic activities that utilize wastewater are farming (48%), livestock keeping (41%), brick- making (32%) and fishing (9%). The majority of respondents used wastewater resource for gardening, mainly tomatoes (26 %), followed by green vegetables (18%), okra (18%) and cowpeas (17%). With regard to livestock keeping, the majority of respondents used wastewater for rearing cattle (42%), goats (32%) and pigs (10%). Despite the existing economic activities that utilize wastewater, wastewater is generally underutilized in the study area. Therefore, policy makers and other stakeholders should ensure full utilization of wastewater potentials including, construction of livestock watering areas, fishing ponds, dips and irrigation structures.