Browsing by Author "Mkilima, Timoth"
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Item Advancing sanitary surveillance: Innovating a live-feed sewer monitoring framework for effective water level and chamber cover detections(Elsevier BV, 2024) Utepov, Yelbek; Neftissov, Alexandr; Mkilima, Timoth; Shakhmov, Zhanbolat; Akhazhanov, Sungat; Kazkeyev, Alizhan; Mukhamejanova, Assel Toleubekovna; Kozhas, Aigul KenzhebekkyzyEfficient sanitation system management relies on vigilant sewage surveillance to uphold environmental hygiene. The absence of robust monitoring infrastructure jeopardizes unimpeded conduit flow, leading to floods and contamination. The accumulation of harmful gases in sewer chambers, coupled with tampered lids, compounds sewer network challenges, resulting in structural damage, disruptions, and safety risks from accidents and gas inhalation. Notably, even vehicular transit is vulnerable, facing collisions due to inadequately secured manholes. The core objective of this research was to deconstruct and synthesize a prototype blueprint for a live-feed sewer monitoring framework (LSMF). This involves creating a data gathering nexus (DGN) and empirically assessing diverse wireless sensing implements (WSI) for precision. Simultaneously, a geographic information matrix (GIM) was developed with algorithms to detect sewer surges, blockages, and missing manhole covers. Three scrutinized sensors—the LiDar TF-Luna, laser TOF400 VL53L1X, and ultrasonic JSN-SR04T—were evaluated for their ability to measure water levels in sewer vaults. The results showed that the TF-Luna LiDar sensor performed favorably within the 1.0–5.0 m range, with a standard deviation of 0.44–1.15. The TOF400 laser sensor ranked second, with a more variable standard deviation of up to 104 as obstacle distance increased. In contrast, the JSN-SR04T ultrasonic sensor exhibited lower standard deviation but lacked consistency, maintaining readings of 0.22–0.23 m within the 2.0–5.0 m span. The insights from this study provide valuable guidance for sustainable solutions to sewer surveillance challenges. Moreover, employing a logarithmic function, TF-Luna Benewake exhibited reliability at approximately 84.5%, while TOF400 VL53L1X adopted an exponential equation, boasting reliability approaching approximately 89.6%. With this navigational tool, TF-Luna Benewake maintained accuracy within ±10 cm for distances ranging from 8 to 10 m, showcasing its exceptional performance.Item Assessment of Water Regime, Management and Quality Analysis Based on Water Quality Indices – A Case of Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan(HARD Publishing Company, 2023) Pangaliyev, Yerbol; Akbayeva, Lyailya; Mamytova, Nurgul; Shamshedenova, Samal; Onerkhan, Gulzhaina; Mkilima, TimothThe research aims to analyze the complex water balance, surface water quality, and water resources management in the Karaganda region. A thorough investigation involved examining 119 lakes and 12 rivers within the region. The study revealed that the annual river flow into the Karaganda lakes and their subsequent outflow from the territory was notably meager, accounting for only 0.935% and 3.031%, respectively, primarily due to the scarcity of water bodies in the region. As for water quality, none of the lakes qualify as “highly suitable water” (>50), necessitating further treatment to make them drinkable. Only a small fraction, 4.6% of the lakes, display water quality scores ranging from 50 to 100, indicating the urgent need for substantial remediation efforts. Additionally, a considerable proportion, 47.7% of the lakes, fell within the water quality range of 100-200, demanding treatment before appropriate use. Furthermore, a noteworthy 11% of the lakes were deemed “unsuitable for drinking” (>300), while 36.7% are classified as “very poor water” in the range of 200-300. In the context of Integrated Water ResourcesItem Biofilm-Enhanced Natural Zeolite Material in Purification Performance for Slaughterhouse Wastewater(MDPI AG, 2023) Mkilima, Timoth; Meiramkulova, Kulyash; Kydyrbekova, Aliya; Bazarbayeva, Tursynkul; Gulnur, Daldabayeva; Aknur, Zholdasbek; Shegenbayev, Abzal; Nurbolat, Dzhexenbayev; Oshanova, Gulaina; Gulzhakhan, KaisagaliyevaThis study focuses on evaluating the efficacy of biofilm-enhanced natural zeolite for the purification of slaughterhouse wastewater. The investigation encompasses four distinct treatment methods: employing natural zeolite without biofilm, integrating biofilm into 1–2 mm particle size natural zeolite, enhancing biofilm in less than 4 mm particle size natural zeolite, and introducing biofilm in less than 8 mm particle size natural zeolite. The outcomes underscore the substantial improvement brought about by biofilm incorporation. For instance, within the natural zeolite treatment system without biofilm, the final effluent retained 28 NTU of turbidity. In contrast, utilizing the <8 mm particle size with biofilm resulted in 3.2 NTU of turbidity in the treated effluent, 2.45 NTU for the <4 mm particle size with biofilm, and 1.02 NTU for the 1–2 mm particle size zeolite system with biofilm. Notably, the achieved removal rates were significant, reaching 79.88% for natural zeolite without biofilm, 97.69% for the <8 mm particle size with biofilm, 99.27% for the <4 mm particle size with biofilm, and 98.24% for the 1–2 mm particle size zeolite system with biofilm. It is noteworthy that the removal efficiencies varied from 50 to 100% for wastewater samples subjected to the treatment system without biofilm, 65.7–100% with the <8 mm particle size biofilm, 71.4–100% with the <4 mm particle size biofilm, and 71.7–100% with the 1–2 mm particle size zeolite system biofilm. These findings collectively emphasize the pivotal role of biofilm in enhancing treatment outcomes, presenting a promising avenue for optimizing wastewater treatment efficiency.Item Delving into Earth Dam Dynamics: Exploring the Impact of Inner Impervious Core and Toe Drain Arrangement on Seepage and Factor of Safety during Rapid Drawdown Scenarios(MDPI AG, 2023) Utepov, Yelbek Bakhitovich; Mkilima, Timoth; Aldungarova, Aliya Kairatovna; Shakhmov, Zhanbolat Anuarbekovich; Akhazhanov, Sungat Berkinovich; Saktaganova, Nargul Amanovna; Abdikerova, Uliya Baktybaevna; Budikova, Aigul MoldashevnaThe study examined the intricate relationships between embankment slope configurations, toe drain designs, and drawdown scenarios. It utilized a unique combination of numerical, physical, and mathematical models. The investigation involved 16 numerical models and 8 physical models with distinct characteristics. The research explored the correlations of key parameters: matric suction, horizontal water conductivity, time, and factor of safety. The factor of safety values varied from 0.62 to 1.03 as a result of the different investigated combinations. For instance, a 1:2 embankment slope without a toe drain under instantaneous drawdown led to the factor of safety values ranging from 1.22 to 1.57. Additionally, incorporating elements like a 30 m toe drain and a 1 m per day drawdown rate influenced these values, with extremes recorded from 1.337 to 2.21, shedding light on embankment stability under diverse conditions and configurations. When subjected to a 1 m per day drawdown, water flow rates decreased significantly at the upstream face and increased downstream, accompanied by an increase in water mass flux at the upstream face and a decrease at the downstream toe, suggesting dynamic changes in water behavior in response to drawdown. Moreover, the findings unveiled significant correlations between matric suction and time (correlation coefficient of 0.950) and factor of safety and water conductivity (correlation coefficient of 0.750). Conversely, a distinct negative correlation emerged between matric suction and factor of safety (correlation coefficient of −0.864). The study’s distinctive insights contribute to our understanding of seepage behavior and dam stability across varied scenarios, offering valuable input for resilient dam construction approaches that will ensure the longevity and effectiveness of these essential structures.Item Electrode material impact on microbial fuel cell and electro‐Fenton systems for enhanced slaughterhouse wastewater treatment: A comparative study of graphite and titanium(Wiley, 2024) Mkilima, Timoth; Saspugayeva, Gulnur; Tussupova, Zhazgul; Kaliyeva, Gulzhan; Dakieva, Kulzipa; Kumarbekuly, Sanat; Tungushbayeva, Zukhra; Kalelova, GulfatThe treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater is a complex task demanding careful consideration due to its challenging nature. Therefore, exploring more sustainable treatment methods for this particular type of wastewater is of utmost significance. This research focused on the impact of electrode materials, specifically graphite and titanium, on the efficiency of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and electro-Fenton systems in treating slaughterhouse wastewater. Both graphite and titanium electrodes displayed increasing current density trends, with titanium outperforming graphite. Titanium showed superior electron transfer and current generation (2.2 to 21.2 mA/m2), while graphite ranged from 2.4 to 18.9 mA/m2. Titanium consistently exhibited higher power density, indicating better efficiency in converting current to power (0.059 to 22.68 mW/m2), compared to graphite (0.059 to 12.25 mW/m2) over the 48-h period. In removal efficiency within the MFC system alone, titanium exhibited superior performance over graphite in key parameters, including zinc (45.5% vs. 37.19%), total hardness (39.32% vs. 29.4%), and nitrates (66.87% vs. 55.8%). For the electro-Fenton system with a graphite electrode, the removal efficiency ranged from 34.1% to 87.5%, with an average efficiency of approximately 56.2%. This variability underscores fluctuations in the efficacy of the graphite electrode across diverse wastewater treatment scenarios. On the other hand, the electro-Fenton system employing a titanium electrode showed removal efficiency values ranging from 26.53% to 89.99%, with an average efficiency of about 68.4%. The titanium electrode exhibits both a comparatively higher and more consistent removal efficiency across the evaluated scenarios. On the other hand, the integrated system achieved more than 90% removal efficiency from most of the parameters. The study underscores the intricate nature of slaughterhouse wastewater treatment, emphasizing the need for sustainable approaches.Item Exploring the nexus of innovation management, ultraviolet irradiation, and business scale: implications for sustainable fruit and vegetable preservation during the COVID-19 era(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024) Kydyrbekova, Assel; Meiramkulova, Kulyash; Kydyrbekova, Aliya; Mkilima, TimothInnovation management stands as a pivotal driver in attaining enduring sustainability in livelihoods. However, its progress can face formidable obstacles, encompassing the complexities arising from human perceptions. This research delved into the realm of innovation management within the context of fruit and vegetable preservation, with a keen focus on the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the perceptual evaluations surrounding the viability of utilizing ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for this purpose. The perceived effectiveness of UV irradiation in fruit and vegetable preservation was found to be significantly influenced by factors, such as cost, safety, and limited understanding. The respondents' preference for preserved fruits and vegetables was most significantly influenced by the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, as indicated by a mean score of 4.6. Notably, around 50.9% of the participants demonstrated a lack of understanding regarding the use of ultraviolet irradiation as a preservation technology. In addition, approximately 21.6% of the respondents expressed disinterest in adopting ultraviolet irradiation for preserving fruits and vegetables. In contrast, a smaller percentage of participants, merely 12.3%, showed a positive inclination towards employing ultraviolet irradiation in the preservation process. Interestingly, approximately 15.2% of respondents remained undecided and did not express a definitive preference concerning their willingness to utilize ultraviolet irradiation for preserving fruits and vegetables. Notably, the analysis has revealed a compelling trend, with a substantial portion of participants (63%) perceiving medium-sized enterprises involved in fruit and vegetable processing technologies as displaying notably low levels of motivation for innovation during the COVID-19 era. A similar viewpoint was shared by 51% of respondents regarding large-scale businesses. In stark contrast, the survey has illuminated a striking disparity, as small-scale businesses exhibited significantly heightened innovation motivation at 28%, surpassing the modest 10% observed in both medium-sized and large-scale counterparts. This pronounced variation in innovation motivation across diverse business scales highlights the multifaceted impact of the pandemic on their inclination towards embracing innovation. These findings offer invaluable insights into the intricacies governing innovation management within the fruit and vegetable preservation sector amidst the challenging COVID-19 period.Item Exploring the potential of biofunctionalized agricultural waste adsorbents integrated with UV-LED disinfection for enhanced wastewater treatment(Elsevier BV, 2024) Mkilima, Timoth; Sabitov, Yerlan; Shakhmov, Zhanbolat; Abilmazhenov, Talgat; Tlegenov, Askar; Jumabayev, Atogali; Turashev, Agzhaik; Kaliyeva, Zhanar; Utepbergenova, LauraAgricultural waste holds promise as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment; however, its potential remains understudied, particularly regarding biofunctionalized grape pomace, coffee husks, and corn cobs for carwash wastewater treatment, along with their integration with solar-powered UV-LED disinfection. This study explores the effectiveness of these bio-functionalized adsorbents in wastewater treatment, revealing grape pomace's high efficacy in removing lead (95.2%), fluorides (94.4%), and nitrates (94.8%), while corn cobs and coffee husks showed significant removal efficiencies for zinc (88.5% and 95.5%, respectively) and cyanides (84.8% and 89.6%, respectively). Grape pomace exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 162.6 mg/g for lead ions, while coffee husks had the highest qmax of 182.82 mg/g. Kinetic analysis indicated corn cobs' slower initial adsorption capacity and moderate adsorption rate, contrasting with grape pomace and coffee husks. Furthermore, treatment with these adsorbents, followed by UV-LED disinfection, substantially reduced microbial counts in treated water, underscoring their potential in ensuring water safety. The integration of biofunctionalized adsorbents with UV-LED disinfection presents a promising approach for sustainable and efficient wastewater treatment, with implications for water quality improvement and public health protection.Item Harnessing graphene oxide-enhanced composite metal-organic frameworks for efficient wastewater treatment(Elsevier BV, 2024) Mkilima, Timoth; Zharkenov, Yerkebulan; Utepbergenova, Laura; Abduova, Aisulu; Sarypbekova, Nursulu; Smagulova, Elmira; Abdukalikova, Gulnara; Kamidulla, Fazylov; Zhumadilov, IliyasThe issue of carwash wastewater emerges as a pressing environmental concern on a global scale, primarily due to the intricate nature of its pollutants, which makes effective treatment a formidable challenge. In the face of this complex scenario, the pursuit of an efficient treatment methodology assumes paramount importance. In response to this complex scenario, this study embarked on an exploration of a novel polymeric adsorbent material synthesized from Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67, Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8, Polyethersulfone, and graphene oxide in a fixed-bed treatment system for carwash wastewater. The investigation encompassed three distinct filter column depths, measuring 8 cm, 12 cm, and 16 cm, respectively. With an increase in filter depth from 8 cm to 16 cm, notable improvements were observed in the removal efficiencies for most contaminants. Notably, oils/grease removal showed an increasing trend with column depth, reaching 95.4%, 98.6%, and 100% for 8 cm, 12 cm, and 16 cm depths, respectively. TSS and Turbidity removal efficiencies remained consistently high at 100% across all depths, showcasing effective removal of solid particulate matter. Copper and Zinc removal efficiencies increased with deeper column depths, reaching values of 80.4%–89.9% and 79.6%–90.3%, respectively. Surfactants exhibited efficient removal, with values ranging from 90.6% to 96.6%. Total Dissolved Solids removal efficiency increased from 71.6% to 83.4% as column depth increased. Similarly, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, total organic carbon, and phosphates removal efficiencies showed improvement with increasing column depth, reaching values of 95.4%, 98.3%, 98.8%, and 89.3%, respectively. Moreover, The composite MOF beads demonstrated significant adsorption capacities in carwash wastewater treatment, with a noteworthy 35.08 mg/g for Oils/Grease and 28.12 mg/g for Biochemical Oxygen Demand, highlighting their efficiency in removing hydrophobic contaminants and organic pollutants. The derived results highlight the potential of the composite material for carwash wastewater treatment towards advancing the field of wastewater treatment.Item Investigating the potential of wheat straw and pistachio shell as a bio-functionalized agricultural waste biomass for enhanced biosorption of pollutants from wastewater(Elsevier BV, 2024) Mkilima, Timoth; Zharkenov, Yerkebulan; Abduova, Aisulu; Sarypbekova, Nursulu; Kirgizbayeva, Kamilya; Zhumadilov, Iliyas; Kenzhekulova, Farida; Abilkhas, Mukhtarov; Zharassov, ShyngysThe management of wastewater from carwash centers continues to pose a significant global challenge, with the quest for treatment methods that are both effective and economical proving particularly daunting. This underscores the importance of exploring natural materials for wastewater treatment. However, knowledge regarding the efficacy of bio-functionalized wheat straw and pistachio shells specifically for carwash wastewater treatment remains limited. This study explored the potential of wastewater treatment using bio-functionalized agricultural waste materials, specifically wheat straw and pistachio shells. Experimental setups included treatment plants using wheat straw alone, pistachio shell alone, a mixture of both, and a series connection. Removal efficiencies across various water quality parameters revealed the series connection as the most effective treatment, achieving exceptional removal efficiencies for critical parameters such as fat, oil, and grease, total suspended solids, and turbidity. The Mixture treatment demonstrated synergistic effects, surpassing individual treatments in removing contaminants such as Arsenic, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, cadmium, Chemical Oxygen Demand, fluorides, ammonia nitrogen, and surfactants. More precisely, the series treatment setup resulted in nearly complete removal efficiency, approximately 100%, for Fat, Oil, and Grease, turbidity, and total suspended solids in the wastewater samples. The treatment setup using only wheat straw achieved removal efficiencies between 41.3% and 83.3%, whereas the setup using only pistachio shell achieved removal efficiencies ranging from 43.3% to 89.1%. Statistical analyses confirmed the significance of observed differences, with isotherm and kinetic models providing valuable insights into adsorption characteristics. Freundlich constants ranged from 3.6 to 12.38, Moreover, the integrated treatments consistently outperformed individual ones, as demonstrated by Water Quality Index values. The Water Quality Index values ranged from 2114.26 for raw wastewater, classified as “unsuitable for drinking,” to 154.47 for the series connection of wheat straw and pistachio shell, indicating a significant improvement in water quality.