Browsing by Author "Munishi, Linus Kasian"

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    Evaluation and prediction of the impacts of land cover changes on hydrological processes in data constrained southern slopes of Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
    (MPDI, 2021) Said, Mateso; Hyandye, Canute; Mjemah, Ibrahimu Chikira; Komakech, Hans Charles; Munishi, Linus Kasian
    This study provides a detailed assessment of land cover (LC) changes on the water balance components on data constrained Kikafu-Weruweru-Karanga (KWK) watershed, using the integrated approaches of hydrologic modeling and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was validated and used to simulate hydrologic responses of water balance components response to changes in LC in spatial and temporal scale. PLSR was further used to assess the influence of individual LC classes on hydrologic components. PLSR results revealed that expansion in cultivation land and built-up area are the main attributes in the changes in water yield, surface runoff, evapotranspiration (ET), and groundwater flow. The study findings suggest that improving the vegetation cover on the hillside and abandoned land area could help to reduce the direct surface runoff in the KWK watershed, thus, reducing flooding recurring in the area, and that with the ongoing expansion in agricultural land and built-up areas, there will be profound negative impacts in the water balance of the watershed in the near future (2030). This study provides a forecast of the future hydrological parameters in the study area based on changes in land cover if the current land cover changes go unattended. This study provides useful information for the advancement of our policies and practices essential for sustainable water management planning.
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    Evidence of climate change impacts on water, food and energy resources around Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
    (Taylor & Francis, 2019) Said, Mateso; Komakech, Hans Charles; Munishi, Linus Kasian; Muzuka, Alfred Nzibavuga Nyarubakula
    This review presents research evidence of climate change and anthropogenic impacts on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro and its implications on water, food and energy production (WFE nexus). While there exist divided scholarly opinions on the impacts of climate change on the Mt. Kilimanjaro glacier, consistent decreases in precipitation amounts are evident throughout the existing literature. The 2050 projections indicate increases in the precipitation amounts by approximately 16–18%. However, it is also stated that there will be a concomitant increase in water deficit of about 71%, 27% and 1% in agriculture, hydropower and livestock production respectively. Despite a large number of researches on impacts of climate and anthropogenic pressure on WFE along Mt. Kilimanjaro slopes, there are still limited long-term, good-quality and high-resolution altitudinal precipitation, temperature records and observation network. Moreover, there is limited information on groundwater recharge areas and their stability under changing environment. It is not clear how the interdependence and interaction between climate change, irrigation, vegetation and river discharges affect groundwater recharge process. Also, there is scarce information on future land use/cover changes. Very limited studies focused on fog water deposition for Mt. Kilimanjaro forest and East Africa, despite its relevance as the water tower of the mountain streams. The review further highlights how both climate and anthropogenic impacts may affect ecosystem services in the region. There is a need for developing adaptive strategies for responding to climate change and anthropogenic impacts on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro now and into the future.
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    Hydrogeochemical analysis of water quality dynamics under anthropic activities on the southern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
    (Springer Nature, 2022) Said, Mateso; Komakech, Hans Charles; Mjemah, Ibrahimu Chikira; Lufingo, Mesia; Munishi, Linus Kasian; Kumar, Sudhir
    Water quality management requires consideration of surface water and groundwater dynamics. This study utilizes hydrogeochemical and isotopic techniques to understand anthropic influences on surface and groundwater resources in the Kikafu–Weruweru–Karanga (KWK) watershed southern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro. The KWK watershed had two distinct characteristics, i.e., the upper region (above 1000 m.a.m.s.l) with surface water and few groundwater features and the lower part (below 1000 m.a.m.s.l) characterized by most groundwater sources and rivers. Water sampling and analysis were done between July and August 2019; multivariate statistical analysis aided the understanding of analytical findings. The results revealed NaHCO3 enrichment and Mixed CaNaHCO3 water type. The groundwater chemistry is chiefly controlled by aquifer lithology rather than anthropic activities. Stable isotopes show recharge from both regional and local rainfall as traced from the shallow wells. The levels of anthropic pollution indicators such as nitrate, chloride, and sulfate in deep wells are generally low in groundwater than in shallow wells. Anthropic activities such as irrigation, wastewater discharges and severe water abstraction confirmed significant contaminant agents at the dynamic levels. Next to geogenic releases, anthropic pollution as well is affecting groundwater quality in the aquifer. The current findings call for improved monitoring of the groundwater sources to track any changes in quality since there is a potential evolution to an undesirable state for domestic uses.