Browsing by Author "Mwakalobo, A. B. S."

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    Conditional cash transfer programs; compliance to health conditions in Tanzania
    (Springer International Publishing, 2022) Rukiko, M. D.; Mwakalobo, A. B. S.; Mmasa, J. J.
    Purpose: This study employed logistic regression in three selected regions in Tanzania namely Dodoma, Singida and Kagera to test the predisposing, enabling and need factors in CCT design and implementation to see how they influence conditions compliance. Methodology: The study used secondary data from TASAF PSSN from 2014 to 2019 where compliance with health conditions was a dependent variable. Findings: At 95% CI, the odds ratio ranged from 0.978 for location (District) to 1.74 for PMT whilst some were significant and others were not. Changing the original location to the other decreases the likelihood to comply as well as the poorer and those with chronic illness – similar to the money given in the higher months of the year. Differently, aged members and male members have shown to have higher likelihood to comply than their counterpart beneficiaries. Practical implication: The study concludes that punishments for noncompliance have to re-consider the nature of the factors, whether they are in favour of or against facilitating compliance. Although some beneficiaries agree that penalties invites compliance, this paper suggests penalties to be imposed carefully otherwise the absolute use of the penalties becomes counterproductive in changing behaviour, attainment of the programmes objectives and finally poverty reduction. Originality/Value: Policy makers, designers and implementers of CCT will be informed of the key areas that affects compliance positively or negatively and be able to make design and implementation decisions based on the factors that influences CCT conditions compliance.
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    Food status and income levels among dairy and non-dairy farmers in Chunya district, Tanzania
    (Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2001) Kayunze, K. A.; Urassa, J. K.; Mwakalobo, A. B. S.
    In order to reveal the role of dairy farming in poverty alleviation and food security improvement, a research was conducted in 11 villages of Chunya District in December 2000 among 30 dairy farmers and 30 non-dairy farmers. Their income from four sources of non-agricultural, agricultural, livestock and rental activities were compared with a poverty line of Tsh 130,128/= per adult equivalent per year. Their grains harvest in the crop season 1999/2000 were compared with three 90-kg bags of grains per adult equivalent per year. The objectives were to determine the number of food insecure households on the basis of three bags of grains for an adult person per year and income per adult equivalent from four sources. Another objective was to compare food status and income between dairy and non-dairy farmers. Average income among dairy farmers was Tsh 295,858/= while that among non-dairy farmers was Tsh 176,804/= per adult equivalent per year. Only 23.3% of dairy farmers had income below the poverty line while 50% of non-dairy farmers had income below the poverty line. The average of 90-kg bags among dairy farmers was 2.4 and 2.5 per adult equivalent among non-dairy farmers. Based on the grains, 76.7% dairy farmers were food insecure while among non-dairy farmers food insecure households were 83.3%. A t-test to compare the income between the two groups gave significant differences at 5% (p= 0.026). However, the food status between them did not differ significantly (p = 0.427). It is concluded that dairy farming is very effective for poverty reduction. Therefore, development agencies, including government departments, NGOs, religious groups and donors are urged to help poor people reduce poverty by helping them keep dairy cattle. This can be done by establishing heifer in trust schemes, that is "kopa ng'ombe lipa ng'ombe", like the Japanese Counterpart for Food Aid (JCFFA) is doing in Chunya District: