Browsing by Author "Mwakalobo, Adam"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Food security and natural resource management in developing countries
    (2001) Mwakalobo, Adam; Shively, Gerald
    This paper provides an overview of the main concerns related to food security and natural resource management in developing countries. It is intended to serve as an introduction to the subject for students and non-specialist practitioners. The paper summarizes a number of different strands in the literature on poverty, food insecurity, and natural resource degradation, as well as their causes. The paper summarizes some of the many studies that have sought to explain options to achieve sustainable food security and natural resource use. Throughout the paper, the problem of sustaining food security and natural resource use in developing countries is highlighted as a poverty problem, conditioned on and influenced by institutional, technological, demographic, ecological and economic factors and constraints. A focus is placed on sub-Saharan Africa. The main theme of the paper is that, in order to achieve sustainable food security and use of natural resources, developing countries need to address poverty and its root causes.
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    Food security: the Tanzanian case
    (International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2011) Mwakalobo, Adam; Kiratu, Sheila; Märker, Lutz
    This paper investigates the impact of the 2007–08 international food crisis on Tanzania and assesses the extent to which both the country’s long-term and short-term policies helped mitigate the effects of the crisis on its society and economy. Using household-level data from a budget survey, we estimate that 0.5–1 per cent of the population, mostly clustered in urban regions, was driven into poverty by the crisis, as measured by the national poverty line, rendering the crisis less severe than in many other countries. There is no clear evidence that short-term policies helped alleviate these effects, whereas some success can be attributed to Tanzania’s economic reforms since the early 2000s, which enabled it to export some of its food to its neighbouring countries. A major challenge, however, remains that of increasing productivity and stabilizing output growth.
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    Knowledge gain and adoption among farm women through interactive multimedia in Kilosa and Sengerema districts, Tanzania
    (University of Dar es Salaam, 2021) Ngowi, Edwin; Mwakalobo, Adam; Mathew, Coletha
    This paper examines knowledge gain and adoption among farm women with access to information and improved communication. This is because access to information and improved communication is a crucial requirement for agricultural development. In rural areas, group approach, “self-help groups (SHGs),” have been initiated among farm women using Interactive Multimedia Compact Disc (IMCD). The IMCD emerged as a potential learning tool to train farmers about a particular agricultural-knowledge. A theoretical and conceptual framework for an adoption pathway is reviewed in which farmers move from knowledge gain to adoption over time. This study was conducted in Sengerema and Kilosa districts with telecentres that train farm women in SHGs using IMCD. A total of 180 farm women were randomly and equally selected. Simple correlation and multiple regressions were used to assess association and influence of socioeconomic characteristics on knowledge gain and adoption. It was established that education status and mass media exposure exhibited a positive and significant relationship. Age and farm statuses showed negative association with knowledge gain. Farm status and innovativeness showed significant and positive relationship with knowledge adoption. Farming experience exhibited negative and significant relationship with knowledge adoption. Thus, while preparing IMCD, one should take care these variables for knowledge gain and adoption. The inferences on knowledge gain and adoption imply that longer periods will be required for majority of farm women to use the technology and to have the decision leading to adoption.
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    Tourism regional multiplier effects in Tanzania: analysis of Singita grumeti reserves tourism in the Mara region
    (Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2016) Mwakalobo, Adam; Kaswamila, Abiud; Kira, Alex; Chawala, Onesmo; Tear, Timothy
    The main focus of this study was to establish the economic impacts of a single tourism business operated in a rural area on a regional economy in Africa. This paper presents a case study of the regional multiplier effects of Singita Grumeti Reserves’ (SGR) tourism investment in the Mara region, Tanzania. The recursive Keynesian multiplier approach was used to identify significant economic multiplier effects larger than any other multiplier effects we could find published for relevant, comparable studies (Type 1 average 1.57 from 2008-2013, range 1.24 – 1.81). This result was contrary to economic theory that predicts the multiplier effect in this case should be low given the small area of investment in comparison to the much larger regional economy. In addition, these results represent underestimates, as the multiplier effects established in this study did not factor in substantial positive environmental and socio economic impacts accrued from SGR’s non-profit partner organization, the Grumeti Fund. Consequently, our study findings present compelling evidence that SGR tourism investments, when combined with the Grumeti Fund’s conservation and community development activities, demonstrate a pro-poor economic approach of substantial benefit to the Tanzanian economy. This was possible because the investment made by one private company is relatively substantial in comparison to the limited government services provided to the Mara Region, where nearly half of the 1.7 million people in this region remain in the poverty trap. These results provide compelling evidence that this type of high-value low-volume tourism investment can also contribute to sustainable and equitable socioeconomic development when paired with conservation and community development efforts. This assessment also demonstrates the value of ecosystem services derived from conserving Tanzania’s rich and globally significant natural heritage for the benefit of both people and nature. As there is more tourism potential in Tanzania, Tanzanian government authorities at all levels should consider encouraging and supporting similar tourism investments (i.e., high-value low-volume tourism model). This support could be tailored to providing incentives such as tax rate reduction or exemptions to encourage this specific type of tourism investment. Private investment is particularly important in rural and underserved regions in Tanzania– like the Mara Region – where there have been limited economic investments despite substantial opportunities for economic growth.
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    Tourism regional multiplier effects in Tanzania: analysis of singita grumeti reserves tourism in the Mara region
    (Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2016) Mwakalobo, Adam; Kaswamila, Abiud; Kira, Alex; Chawala, Onesmo; Tear, Timothy
    The main focus of this study was to establish the economic impacts of a single tourism business operated in a rural area on a regional economy in Africa. This paper presents a case study of the regional multiplier effects of Singita Grumeti Reserves’ (SGR) tourism investment in the Mara region, Tanzania. The recursive Keynesian multiplier approach was used to identify significant economic multiplier effects larger than any other multiplier effects we could find published for relevant, comparable studies (Type 1 average 1.57 from 2008-2013, range 1.24 – 1.81). This result was contrary to economic theory that predicts the multiplier effect in this case should be low given the small area of investment in comparison to the much larger regional economy. In addition, these results represent underestimates, as the multiplier effects established in this study did not factor in substantial positive environmental and socio economic impacts accrued from SGR’s non-profit partner organization, the Grumeti Fund. Consequently, our study findings present compelling evidence that SGR tourism investments, when combined with the Grumeti Fund’s conservation and community development activities, demonstrate a pro-poor economic approach of substantial benefit to the Tanzanian economy. This was possible because the investment made by one private company is relatively substantial in comparison to the limited government services provided to the Mara Region, where nearly half of the 1.7 million people in this region remain in the poverty trap. These results provide compelling evidence that this type of high-value low-volume tourism investment can also contribute to sustainable and equitable socioeconomic development when paired with conservation and community development efforts. This assessment also demonstrates the value of ecosystem services derived from conserving Tanzania’s rich and globally significant natural heritage for the benefit of both people and nature. As there is more tourism potential in Tanzania, Tanzanian government authorities at all levels should consider encouraging and supporting similar tourism investments (i.e., high-value low-volume tourism model). This support could be tailored to providing incentives such as tax rate reduction or exemptions to encourage this specific type of tourism investment. Private investment is particularly important in rural and underserved regions in Tanzania– like the Mara Region – where there have been limited economic investments despite substantial opportunities for economic growth.
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    Users’ perception regarding the effect of e-procurement practice on customer satisfaction in public procurement in Tanzania
    (Scientific Research Publishing, 2023) Maagi, Barnabas; Mwakalobo, Adam
    E-procurement is a technological system that was introduced for the purpose of increasing efficiency in procurement. Following emergent of this new technology people within the organization (users) had some expectations regarding performance improvement in procurement as compared to the old manual procurement system. In this view, this study aimed at examining users’ perception on the effect of e-procurement practice on customer satisfaction in public procurement. The study adopted explanatory sequential mixed method involving both quantitative and qualitative data that were collected in two different phases. The population of study included user staff working in five selected procuring entities whereby questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from respondents who were approached by using simple random sampling technique. Also, interview guide was used to collect qualitative data from Heads of Departments whereby the obtained data were analyzed by using content analysis. In order to determine user’s satisfaction on procurement service delivery, data were analyzed in two steps: first, the mean difference between perception and expectation of customers was computed (P-E). The obtained value was divided by total number of items to get index score for each service quality dimension. Then, the index score was divided by the five service quality dimensions to get the overall index score. Second, Binary Logistics Regression Model was applied to estimate the effect of independent variable (Tangibility, Responsiveness, Reliability, Empathy and Assurance) on dependent variable (customer satisfaction). The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between use of e-procurement and increase in customer satisfaction in procurement. Therefore, it is recommended that chief executive officers in public organizations should take e-procurement as a solution to improve service delivery to their customers