Browsing by Author "Ngoma, Mamsau"
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Item Pediatric soft tissue and bone sarcomas in Tanzania: epidemiology and clinical features(American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2021) Siwillis, E. Mithe; Dharse, Nazima J.; Scanlan, Trish; Ngoma, Mamsau; Abraham, Zephania Saitabau; Kahiu, Josephine W. N.; Million, LynnPediatric sarcomas represent an important group of childhood tumors that require treatment at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), the largest pediatric oncology center in Tanzania. Treatment is often adapted from established childhood protocols validated in clinical trials from the United States and the United Kingdom. There are no studies describing the types of pediatric sarcomas most commonly seen in Tanzania to understand similarities and disparities with other countries and which sarcomas to prioritize in adapting treatment protocols. The objective of this study was to establish a baseline of the epidemiologic and clinical features of pediatric sarcomas diagnosed at MNH. Information was collected on clinical and tumor features of all children seen at MNH pediatric oncology unit between 2011 and 2016 with a confirmed histologic diagnosis of either bone or soft tissue sarcoma (STS). A total of 135 cases were analyzed; 89 (66%) were STS and 46 (34%) were bone sarcomas. There was a slight female predominance (n = 69; 51%), and the mean age (SD) of patients was 6.3 (5.1) years. Greater than 90% (n = 123) of the cases presented with a painless swelling. The commonest STS, accounting for almost three-fourths of the cases (n = 66) was rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), with embryonal subtype being the most common RMS (n = 49; 74%). Osteosarcoma was the most common bone sarcoma, accounting for greater than 80% (n = 40) of the cases. Ewing sarcoma accounted for less than 15% (n = 6). Most of the patients presented with stage IV disease (n = 57; 87%) and lung was the commonest metastatic site. To our knowledge, this report is the first study documenting the epidemiologic and clinical features of pediatric sarcomas in a modern Tanzanian pediatric hospital. Embryonal RMS and osteosarcomas should be prioritized for adapting treatment protocols from other countries.Item Risk factors and early cardiovascular outcomes in cancer patients treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy in Tanzania: a protocol for a quasi-experimental study(Oxford Academic, 2022) Vicent, Bankanie; Meda, John; Ngoma, Mamsau; Wan, Li; Yinglan, LiThe objective of this quasi-experimental study is to assess the risk factors and early cardiovascular outcomes in cancer patients treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy in Tanzania. The study will be conducted at Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. The study will have three phases: baseline survey, follow-up, and end-line survey. Participants will be newly diagnosed adult cancer patients who are eligible for anthracycline-based chemotherapy. A total of 427 participants will be involved. At baseline, participants will be evaluated for the cardiovascular risk factors before commencing chemotherapy. During follow-up, participants will commence their prescribed anthracycline and the cardio vascular indices monitored throughout until the patient completes the prescribed anthracycline cycles. After completing the prescribed anthracycline cycles, an end line survey will be conducted to evaluate any change in cardiovascular indices. The outcome variable in this study will be the change in biochemical data (high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipopro tein, triglyceride, and troponin I), blood pressure, and electrocardiographic information (heart rate and Bazett QT interval). Independent variables will be demographic characteristics, risk factors for cardiovascular disorders, current dietary practi ces, and body mass index. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the participants. Independent and paired t-tests will be performed to make comparisons between and within groups. P-values< 0.05 will be considered statistically significant. The results of this study will help clinicians and policymakers to understand the burden of early cardiovascular outcomes and plan for appropriate preventive strategies.