Browsing by Author "Nkuwi, Emmanuel James"

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    Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus contamination and distribution in patient’s care environment at Muhimbili national hospital, Dar es Salaam-Tanzania
    (BMC, 2018) Nkuwi, Emmanuel James; Kabanangi, Fatima; Joachim, Agricola; Rugarabamu, Sima; Majigo, Mtebe
    Environmental contamination with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in routine medical care settings poses an increased risk of health care associated infections through cross-transmission. This study aimed at determining the magnitude and distribution of methicillin-resistant S. aureus contamination among various items in patients’ care surroundings at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzanias largest tertiary hospital. A total of 200 environmental samples from high touch items were processed and out of these methicillin-resistant S. aureus was 19.5% with significantly higher contamination in general wards. Patients beds surfaces were the most contaminated among studied items (43.7%), whilst the surgical trolleys were least contaminated (7.7%). Presence of 10 or more patients in a room was an important significant correlate for methicillin-resistant S. aureus contamination by bivariate logistic regression model (odds ratio: 4.75, 95% confidence interval 1.624–13.895, p = 0.004). These findings warrant further study of decontamination practices and improved infection control mechanisms, especially in light of the drug resistant isolates identified.
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    Prevalence and etiological agents for chronic suppurative otitis media in a tertiary hospital in Tanzania
    (Springer, 2019) Abraham, Zephania Saitabau; Ntunaguzi, Daudi; Kahinga, Aveline Aloyce; Mapondella, Kassim Babu; Massawe, Enica Richard; Nkuwi, Emmanuel James; Nkya, Aslam
    Objective: Chronic suppurative otitis media is among the most common otological condition reported in otorhinolaryngology practice commonly attributing to preventable hearing loss. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and etiological agents for chronic suppurative otitis media in our department. Results: A total of 5591 patients were recruited in this study and only 79 (1.4%) had chronic suppurative otitis media. A male preponderance 43 (54.4%) was noted in this study and the left ear (58.2%) was more commonly affected compared to the right ear. Central perforation was the commonest pattern of presentation and was reported in 53% of cases though none had attic perforation. Of the 81 processed ear swabs, microbial growth was seen in majority 80 (98.8%) whilst one sample showed no microbial growth whereas 52.5% had polymicrobial growth. Among the isolates, most were gram negative species accounting for 59.7% while gram positive bacteria accounted for 25.6% and fungi accounted for 14.7%. Most of these isolates were facultative anaerobes. Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.2%) was the commonest isolates while Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were equally least isolated (10.9%). Tested isolates were most sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin, Ceftriaxone and Amikacin and least sensitive to Amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid and Ampicillin.