Browsing by Author "Parekh, Priya"

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    11 what makes an agriculture initiative open? reflections on sharing agriculture information, writing rights, and divergent outcomes
    (MIT Press, 2020) Bentley, Caitlin M.; Reilly, Katherine M. A.; Alperin, Juan Pablo; Rao, Anuradha; Parekh, Priya; Traxler, John; Ling, Richard; Chaudhuri, Bidisha; Srinivasan, Janaki; Hoysala, Onkar; Mungai, Paul; Belle, Jean-Paul Van; Sadoway, David; Shekhar, Satyarupa; Kendall, Linus; Dasgupta, Pernabha; Dearden, Andy; Walton, Marion; Densmore, Melissa; Zheng, Yingqin; Stahl, Bernd; Faith, Becky; Singh, Parminder Jeet; Gurumurthy, Anita; Chami, Nandini; Gamage, Piyumi; Rajapakse, Chiranthi; Galpaya, Helani; Moshi, Goodiel C.; Shao, Deo
    Agricultural initiatives in the development sphere have seen torrid evolution. The Green Revolution conjures up images of scientists in lab coats coming up with efficient ways to grow staple crops such as wheat and maize, which were then transferred to developing countries in a wave of technocratic initiatives between the 1930s and 1960s. Lewis' (1954) economic development model suggested that the ultimate goal for the process of economic expansion should be to see complete absorption of small and subsistence rural farming by the capitalist sector. Yet, through implementing the Green Revolution, development practitioners and policymakers soon realized that including Indigenous and rural subsistence farmers in policy and planning could actually be an important development objective in and of itself (Parnwell 2008).
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    4 learning as participation: open practices and the production of identities
    (MIT Press, 2020) Bentley, Caitlin M.; Reilly, Katherine M. A.; Alperin, Juan Pablo; Rao, Anuradha; Parekh, Priya; Traxler, John; Ling, Richard; Chaudhuri, Bidisha; Srinivasan, Janaki; Hoysala, Onkar; Mungai, Paul; Belle, Jean-Paul Van; Sadoway, David; Shekhar, Satyarupa; Kendall, Linus; Dasgupta, Pernabha; Dearden, Andy; Walton, Marion; Densmore, Melissa; Zheng, Yingqin; Stahl, Bernd; Faith, Becky; Singh, Parminder Jeet; Gurumurthy, Anita; Chami, Nandini; Gamage, Piyumi; Rajapakse, Chiranthi; Galpaya, Helani; Moshi, Goodiel C.; Shao, Deo
    For some time, the world has been looking hopefully toward digitally enabled openness to bring about positive transformation and development (Smith, Elder, and Emdon 2011). In this chapter, we unpack this hope and examine the linkages between open initiatives and development. The prefix open conjures up the idea of making digital platforms, knowledge, and knowledge development processes more accessible, including to a hitherto excluded group of people. However, the links between openness, participation, and development are far from automatic, and understanding people's participation in open processes continues to elude researchers and practitioners. Thus, what we need to focus on is not only whether participation occurred but who participated and who was excluded (whether by exercising their choice or systematically). In sum, there is a need to understand how existing micro and institutional power structures shape the dynamics of participation. Moreover, open development cannot afford to focus merely on the outcomes of an intervention and label them a success or failure relative to the goals of that intervention. We need to focus equally on the processes and practices1 by which those outcomes were reached.
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    5 stewardship regimes within Kenya’s open data initiative and their implications for open data for development
    (MT Press, 2020) Bentley, Caitlin M.; Reilly, Katherine M. A.; Alperin, Juan Pablo; Rao, Anuradha; Parekh, Priya; Traxler, John; Ling, Richard; Chaudhuri, Bidisha; Srinivasan, Janaki; Hoysala, Onkar; Mungai, Paul; Belle, Jean-Paul Van; Sadoway, David; Shekhar, Satyarupa; Kendall, Linus; Dasgupta, Pernabha; Dearden, Andy; Walton, Marion; Densmore, Melissa; Zheng, Yingqin; Stahl, Bernd; Faith, Becky; Singh, Parminder Jeet; Gurumurthy, Anita; Chami, Nandini; Gamage, Piyumi; Rajapakse, Chiranthi; Galpaya, Helani; Moshi, Goodiel C.; Shao, Deo
    Reilly and Alperin (chapter 2, this volume) argue that there are a variety of ways that open data can be connected to meaningful use, depending on the actors and stewardship regime that manage the data. The concept of stewardship adds to the open data scholarship by emphasizing open data intermediation and asking whether powerful actors engage in intermediation strategies that align with the types of social values that citizens prioritize. Thus, identifying stewardship regimes involves uncovering and confronting actors' power and position, values and relationships, and how and why the needs and wants of others (who might benefit from open data) go unmet.
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    6 Changing infrastructure in urban India: critical reflections on openness and trust in the governance of public services
    (MIT Press, 2020) Bentley, Caitlin M.; Reilly, Katherine M. A.; Alperin, Juan Pablo; Rao, Anuradha; Parekh, Priya; Traxler, John; Ling, Richard; Chaudhuri, Bidisha; Srinivasan, Janaki; Hoysala, Onkar; Mungai, Paul; Belle, Jean-Paul Van; Sadoway, David; Shekhar, Satyarupa; Kendall, Linus; Dasgupta, Pernabha; Dearden, Andy; Walton, Marion; Densmore, Melissa; Zheng, Yingqin; Stahl, Bernd; Faith, Becky; Singh, Parminder Jeet; Gurumurthy, Anita; Chami, Nandini; Gamage, Piyumi; Rajapakse, Chiranthi; Galpaya, Helani; Moshi, Goodiel C.; Shao, Shao
    Cities in India are in a state of flux characterized by rapid changes in population, land use, and infrastructural arrangements. With approximately 68 percent of its nearly 1.21 billion residents still living in rural communities (Census of India 2011a), the relatively recent rapid growth in India's cities has exerted severe pressure on local governments to better supply public services.1 Indian cities can be understood as vast provisioning machines (Amin 2014) that provide services and infrastructure for sustaining the lives of their citizens (figure 6.1). In this critical reflection, we discuss how questions about open systems and trust—elaborated on in the theoretical work of Rao et al. (chapter 3, this volume)—relate to the provision of urban services and infrastructure. Internationally, a variety of open practices and systems demonstrate apparent promise for improving urban public service delivery. For example, governments and civil society groups have created open platforms and have crowdsourced citizens' input on diverse issues linked to local service or infrastructure needs (Hagen 2011).