Browsing by Author "Said, Mohamed Khamis"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Governing the commons: an appraisal of Ostrom principles in the context of community forest management agreement in Zanzibar, Tanzania
    (Sokoine University of Agriculture, 2023) Said, Mohamed Khamis
    Ostrom Design Principles (ODPs) are widely used as an analytical tool for assessing the governance of common pool resources, including Community Forest Management (CoFM). This study applied ODPs to assess the practices of the Community Forest Management Agreement (CoFMA) in Zanzibar, Tanzania, using interviews and Focus group discussions (FGDs). This paper found that the CoFMA adapted all eight principles of Ostrom’s design. However, it was found to have low local community participation in implementing various CoFMA activities, such as community participation in land zones (24.8%), formulation of by-laws (31.3%), and conservation meetings (33.4%). The Chi-squire test (X2= 23.371) revealed that participation in conservation meetings during CoFMA establishment had a significant association with participation in zoning community land and the formulation of by-laws among local community members (P< 0.000). In CoFMA, financial motivation and alternative sources of income in communities are emphasised to reduce community dependence on forests, while in ODPs they are silent. It is concluded that CoFMA has adopted all ODPs to govern community forests. Nevertheless, the full implementation of ODPs in CoFMA has been difficult because the communities lack reliable alternative sources of livelihood, and the idea of CoFMA was not a community initiative since it was opposed by some of the community members. This paper recommends that for successful adoption and implementation of ODPs in CoFMA, there should be community-lead, financial motivation from the global north and the government to support communities livelihood projects. Also, the distribution of incentives from CoFM among community members should be included in the by-laws.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Small-holder farmers’ perceptions of the impacts of climate change on maize crop in Dodoma, Tanzania
    (Department of Geography and Resource Development, 2023) Temba, Augustino Nazar; Said, Mohamed Khamis
    Farmers have different perceptions of the impacts of climate change. This study examined smallholder farmers’ perceptions of the impacts of climate change on maize crops in Dodoma, Tanzania. A total of 216 household heads were involved in this study. The study used a cross-sectional design, where structured interview, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. It was found that 69% of respondents perceived that climate change strongly has changed significantly over the last three decades. About 50.5% and 51.9% of the respondents highly agreed that climate change has contributed to the increase of weeds and pests or/and insects attack on the maize crops, respectively. The findings further revealed that age, farmland ownership, income, and education level of the small-holder farmers had a significant association with the perception of the impacts of climate change among smallholder farmers of maize at P<0.050. The study concludes that small-holder farmers’ perceptions of the impacts of climate change on maize crop are determined by their socio-economic and demographic factors. Thus, it is recommended that smallholder farmers should be provided with the sufficient knowledge of the impacts of climate change on maize crop so that they can have a proper understanding of the impacts of climate change and variability of maize crop. The farmers could use that knowledge to improve productivity.