Browsing by Author "Sane, Eliakimu"

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    Animal names applied to a person in Maasai society.
    (John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2022) Sane, Eliakimu
    Cultural norms of interactions influence Maasai people to apply animal names to address each other. This article explains that avoidance of personal names of certain categories of people in Maasai influences the use of animal names. In the theoretical framework of Cultural Linguistics, the author analysed information from an ethnographic exploration through observations and interviews with Maasai informants in Tanzania. The article shows that Maasai’s categorization of people and avoidance system make senior members accumulate more animals through the process of selecting animal names to use. The patriarchal cultural beliefs and conceptualizations of domestic animals have implications on how animal names are applied between men and women. Only women married to polygamous men use animal names to address each other. There are some lexical, morphological and semantic differences between men and women’s names to mark gender categorizations.
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    From access to quality secondary education: developing language supportive textbooks to enhance teaching and learning of biology subject in Tanzania
    (SCIENCEDOMAIN international, 2018) Gabrieli, Prosper; Sane, Eliakimu; Alphonce, Richard
    This paper reports findings from the development of Language Supportive Biology Textbook (LSBT) for Form I students in Tanzanian secondary schools to address the challenge of language barrier to learning. The LSBT was thus developed to facilitate smooth transition from Kiswahili to English language medium of instruction in learning Biology. The study used a participatory action research design that involved 2 experts from Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE), 2 Biology specialists from universities, 1 language specialist from UDOM, a total of 12 Biology teachers and Form I students from 12 rural secondary schools located in Dodoma, Lindi and Morogoro Regions in Tanzania. Accordingly, we designed and prototyped a Biology textbook that is language accessible, supportive and relevant to Tanzanian context. We presented Biology content using a variety of illustrations and hands-on activities. The language features included English-Kiswahili glossary on each page and bilingual activities within which Kiswahili is used as a resource to learn English. Besides, the material has learning activities filled with examples drawn from the students’ context. The study used classroom observations during prototyping process, analysis of experts’ reviews, and the interviews with teachers and students to gather data to document the development and effectiveness of the LSBT. The overall findings indicated that students’ interaction in learning through talking, negotiating meaning, forming sentences, and presenting biological facts increased than it was before. The paper recommends that it is necessary to use of action research that involves educational stakeholders to develop potential features of a language and pedagogical supportive textbooks for quality education.
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    Space and communication: An ethnolinguistic study of the Maasai society of Tanzania
    (The University of Dodoma, 2016) Sane, Eliakimu
    This thesis reports the findings of the ethnolinguistic study of the use of space in communication in Maasai society. It examined how Maasai use genealogical and geographical space to construct social and linguistic categories which affect communication among the society members. The findings of the study are presented from the transcriptions of the participant observation made in the natural settings of occurrence and supported by the information from face-to-face and group interviews with 59 informants sampled from Monduli District through snowball technique. Analysis of the information obtained revealed that genealogical and geographical spaces are used in Maasai to categorize and develop differences among people and linguistic means are used to express the differences. Unlike women and children, men are grouped into peer groups by the means of space and get names which not only predict and wish them good will but also entitle them to enjoy certain social privileges. Despite the differences, the society members enjoy the categorizations since they are an important constituent of their culture. The society uses a top-down communication approach whereby men have freedom of communication that can only be challenged by the peers above ego or the laigwanani. The non-Maasai people are assessed, categorized, named and placed in the Maasai social structures to enjoy some social privileges. Besides, the spatial arrangements of objects in the environment are made according to the society‟s norms of interactions and, therefore, they affect interactions in the society. The findings of this study proscribe the often made claim that Maasai society is unchanging. Though the society has established proper mechanisms to resist the norms resulting from the drive to modernity, this thesis revealed that some Maasai norms of interactions are sometimes violated to accommodate modern and institutional norms while other norms decay as development escalates. It is concluded that social stratifications and naming on the framework of space are necessary for the society‟s socio-economic activities but they affect communication in the society. The perceived social marginalization resulting from the stratifications are unintentional inasmuch as every member enjoys the differences. It is recommended that government and different agents should consider the ethnolinguistic characteristics of the Maasai society when developing different policies in the society.
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    Suitability of communicative approach in teaching English language in Tanzania secondary school
    (Hilaris SRL, 2014) Sane, Eliakimu; Sebonde, Rafiki Y.
    Total Quality Management (TQM) is the integration of all function and processes within the organisation in order to achieve continuous improvement of the quality of goods & services. TQM is essential for today’s emerging global competitive markets. TQM always focus on customer satisfaction. TQM concerns for Quality right from the suppliers in the supply chain. The Japan is the birth place for TQM, all or most of all TQM tools are developed first in the country Japan. Philosophically, TQM System in Japan is integrated, holistic and wholesome and doing well. On the other hand, the people of other countries were found unsuccessful, because of trying TQM tools individually but not in wholesome, without knowing their purpose. Global business comprises all commercial transactions which refer to all those business activities which involve cross border transactions of goods, services, resources between two or more nations. Transaction of economic resources include capital, skills, people etc. for international production of physical goods and services such as finance, banking, insurance, construction etc. Most of the largest corporations operate in multiple national markets in the world. The study examines the characteristics of international business. The study is based on key quality dimensions viz., reliability, responsiveness, competence, ease of use, security, and product portfolio. The research study has designed based on the empirical data collected from selected respondents. The study analyzes its findings. Finally, it concludes with a summary of the results and some implications for future research. The findings of study may help for evolving new policy measures to encourage the customers and also the traders.