Browsing by Author "Timoth Mkilima"

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    Advancing sanitary surveillance: Innovating a live-feed sewer monitoring framework for effective water level and chamber cover detections
    (Elsevier BV, 2024) Yelbek Utepov; Alexandr Neftissov; Timoth Mkilima; Zhanbolat Shakhmov; Sungat Akhazhanov; Alizhan Kazkeyev; Assel Toleubekovna Mukhamejanova; Aigul Kenzhebekkyzy Kozhas
    Efficient sanitation system management relies on vigilant sewage surveillance to uphold environmental hygiene. The absence of robust monitoring infrastructure jeopardizes unimpeded conduit flow, leading to floods and contamination. The accumulation of harmful gases in sewer chambers, coupled with tampered lids, compounds sewer network challenges, resulting in structural damage, disruptions, and safety risks from accidents and gas inhalation. Notably, even vehicular transit is vulnerable, facing collisions due to inadequately secured manholes. The core objective of this research was to deconstruct and synthesize a prototype blueprint for a live-feed sewer monitoring framework (LSMF). This involves creating a data gathering nexus (DGN) and empirically assessing diverse wireless sensing implements (WSI) for precision. Simultaneously, a geographic information matrix (GIM) was developed with algorithms to detect sewer surges, blockages, and missing manhole covers. Three scrutinized sensors—the LiDar TF-Luna, laser TOF400 VL53L1X, and ultrasonic JSN-SR04T—were evaluated for their ability to measure water levels in sewer vaults. The results showed that the TF-Luna LiDar sensor performed favorably within the 1.0–5.0 m range, with a standard deviation of 0.44–1.15. The TOF400 laser sensor ranked second, with a more variable standard deviation of up to 104 as obstacle distance increased. In contrast, the JSN-SR04T ultrasonic sensor exhibited lower standard deviation but lacked consistency, maintaining readings of 0.22–0.23 m within the 2.0–5.0 m span. The insights from this study provide valuable guidance for sustainable solutions to sewer surveillance challenges. Moreover, employing a logarithmic function, TF-Luna Benewake exhibited reliability at approximately 84.5%, while TOF400 VL53L1X adopted an exponential equation, boasting reliability approaching approximately 89.6%. With this navigational tool, TF-Luna Benewake maintained accuracy within ±10 cm for distances ranging from 8 to 10 m, showcasing its exceptional performance.
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    Electrode material impact on microbial fuel cell and electro‐Fenton systems for enhanced slaughterhouse wastewater treatment: A comparative study of graphite and titanium
    (Wiley, 2024-02) Timoth Mkilima; Gulnur Saspugayeva; Zhazgul Tussupova; Gulzhan Kaliyeva; Kulzipa Dakieva; Sanat Kumarbekuly; Zukhra Tungushbayeva; Gulfat Kalelova
    The treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater is a complex task demanding careful consideration due to its challenging nature. Therefore, exploring more sustainable treatment methods for this particular type of wastewater is of utmost significance. This research focused on the impact of electrode materials, specifically graphite and titanium, on the efficiency of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and electro-Fenton systems in treating slaughterhouse wastewater. Both graphite and titanium electrodes displayed increasing current density trends, with titanium outperforming graphite. Titanium showed superior electron transfer and current generation (2.2 to 21.2 mA/m2 ), while graphite ranged from 2.4 to 18.9 mA/m2 . Titanium consistently exhibited higher power density, indicating better efficiency in converting current to power (0.059 to 22.68 mW/m2 ), compared to graphite (0.059 to 12.25 mW/m2 ) over the 48-h period. In removal efficiency within the MFC system alone, titanium exhibited superior performance over graphite in key parameters, including zinc (45.5% vs. 37.19%), total hardness (39.32% vs. 29.4%), and nitrates (66.87% vs. 55.8%). For the electro-Fenton system with a graphite electrode, the removal efficiency ranged from 34.1% to 87.5%, with an average efficiency of approximately 56.2%. This variability underscores fluctuations in the efficacy of the graphite electrode across diverse wastewater treatment scenarios. On the other hand, the electro-Fenton system employing a titanium electrode showed removal efficiency values ranging from 26.53% to 89.99%, with an average efficiency of about 68.4%. The titanium electrode exhibits both a comparatively higher and more consistent removal efficiency across the evaluated scenarios. On the other hand, the integrated system achieved more than 90% removal efficiency from most of the parameters. The study underscores the intricate nature of slaughterhouse wastewater treatment, emphasizing the need for sustainable approaches. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Microbial fuel cell (MFC) and electro-Fenton were investigated for slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. The MFC microbial activity started to decrease after 24 h. The integrated system achieved up to 99.8% removal efficiency (RE) for total coliform bacteria. Up to 99.4% of RE was also achieved for total suspended solids (TSS). The integrated system highly improved RE of the pollutants.
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    Exploring the nexus of innovation management, ultraviolet irradiation, and business scale: implications for sustainable fruit and vegetable preservation during the COVID-19 era
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024) Assel Kydyrbekova; Kulyash Meiramkulova; Aliya Kydyrbekova; Timoth Mkilima
    Innovation management stands as a pivotal driver in attaining enduring sustainability in livelihoods. However, its progress can face formidable obstacles, encompassing the complexities arising from human perceptions. This research delved into the realm of innovation management within the context of fruit and vegetable preservation, with a keen focus on the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the perceptual evaluations surrounding the viability of utilizing ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for this purpose. The perceived effectiveness of UV irradiation in fruit and vegetable preservation was found to be significantly influenced by factors, such as cost, safety, and limited understanding. The respondents' preference for preserved fruits and vegetables was most significantly influenced by the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, as indicated by a mean score of 4.6. Notably, around 50.9% of the participants demonstrated a lack of understanding regarding the use of ultraviolet irradiation as a preservation technology. In addition, approximately 21.6% of the respondents expressed disinterest in adopting ultraviolet irradiation for preserving fruits and vegetables. In contrast, a smaller percentage of participants, merely 12.3%, showed a positive inclination towards employing ultraviolet irradiation in the preservation process. Interestingly, approximately 15.2% of respondents remained undecided and did not express a definitive preference concerning their willingness to utilize ultraviolet irradiation for preserving fruits and vegetables. Notably, the analysis has revealed a compelling trend, with a substantial portion of participants (63%) perceiving medium-sized enterprises involved in fruit and vegetable processing technologies as displaying notably low levels of motivation for innovation during the COVID-19 era. A similar viewpoint was shared by 51% of respondents regarding large-scale businesses. In stark contrast, the survey has illuminated a striking disparity, as small-scale businesses exhibited significantly heightened innovation motivation at 28%, surpassing the modest 10% observed in both medium-sized and large-scale counterparts. This pronounced variation in innovation motivation across diverse business scales highlights the multifaceted impact of the pandemic on their inclination towards embracing innovation. These findings offer invaluable insights into the intricacies governing innovation management within the fruit and vegetable preservation sector amidst the challenging COVID-19 period.
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    Exploring the potential of biofunctionalized agricultural waste adsorbents integrated with UV-LED disinfection for enhanced wastewater treatment
    (Elsevier BV, 2024) Timoth Mkilima; Yerlan Sabitov; Zhanbolat Shakhmov; Talgat Abilmazhenov; Askar Tlegenov; Atogali Jumabayev; Agzhaik Turashev; Zhanar Kaliyeva; Laura Utepbergenova
    Agricultural waste holds promise as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment; however, its potential remains understudied, particularly regarding biofunctionalized grape pomace, coffee husks, and corn cobs for carwash wastewater treatment, along with their integration with solar-powered UV-LED disinfection. This study explores the effectiveness of these bio-functionalized adsorbents in wastewater treatment, revealing grape pomace’s high efficacy in removing lead (95.2%), fluorides (94.4%), and nitrates (94.8%), while corn cobs and coffee husks showed significant removal efficiencies for zinc (88.5% and 95.5%, respectively) and cyanides (84.8% and 89.6%, respectively). Grape pomace exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 162.6 mg/g for lead ions, while coffee husks had the highest qmax of 182.82 mg/g. Kinetic analysis indicated corn cobs’ slower initial adsorption capacity and moderate adsorption rate, contrasting with grape pomace and coffee husks. Furthermore, treatment with these adsorbents, followed by UV-LED disinfection, substantially reduced microbial counts in treated water, underscoring their potential in ensuring water safety. The integration of biofunctionalized adsorbents with UV-LED disinfection presents a promising approach for sustainable and efficient wastewater treatment, with implications for water quality improvement and public health protection.
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    Harnessing graphene oxide-enhanced composite metal-organic frameworks for efficient wastewater treatment
    (Elsevier BV, 2024) Timoth Mkilima; Yerkebulan Zharkenov; Laura Utepbergenova; Aisulu Abduova; Nursulu Sarypbekova; Elmira Smagulova; Gulnara Abdukalikova; Fazylov Kamidulla; Iliyas Zhumadilov
    The issue of carwash wastewater emerges as a pressing environmental concern on a global scale, primarily due to the intricate nature of its pollutants, which makes effective treatment a formidable challenge. In the face of this complex scenario, the pursuit of an efficient treatment methodology assumes paramount importance. In response to this complex scenario, this study embarked on an exploration of a novel polymeric adsorbent material synthesized from Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67, Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8, Polyethersulfone, and graphene oxide in a fixed-bed treatment system for carwash wastewater. The investigation encompassed three distinct filter column depths, measuring 8 cm, 12 cm, and 16 cm, respectively. With an increase in filter depth from 8 cm to 16 cm, notable improvements were observed in the removal efficiencies for most contaminants. Notably, oils/grease removal showed an increasing trend with column depth, reaching 95.4%, 98.6%, and 100% for 8 cm, 12 cm, and 16 cm depths, respectively. TSS and Turbidity removal efficiencies remained consistently high at 100% across all depths, showcasing effective removal of solid particulate matter. Copper and Zinc removal efficiencies increased with deeper column depths, reaching values of 80.4%–89.9% and 79.6%–90.3%, respectively. Surfactants exhibited efficient removal, with values ranging from 90.6% to 96.6%. Total Dissolved Solids removal efficiency increased from 71.6% to 83.4% as column depth increased. Similarly, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, total organic carbon, and phosphates removal efficiencies showed improvement with increasing column depth, reaching values of 95.4%, 98.3%, 98.8%, and 89.3%, respectively. Moreover, The composite MOF beads demonstrated significant adsorption capacities in carwash wastewater treatment, with a noteworthy 35.08 mg/g for Oils/Grease and 28.12 mg/g for Biochemical Oxygen Demand, highlighting their efficiency in removing hydrophobic contaminants and organic pollutants.The derived results highlight the potential of the composite material for carwash wastewater treatment towards advancing the field of wastewater treatment.