UDOM IR :: Browsing by Author "Yahaya, James J."

Browsing by Author "Yahaya, James J."

Now showing 1 - 17 of 17

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandible: a rare case report and literature review
(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2023) Yahaya, James J.; Morgan, Emmanuel D.; Abraham, Zephania S.; Othieno, Emmanuel
Introduction and importance: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign, non-neoplastic cystic lesions composed of multiple blood-filled cavities, which are separated by connective tissue septa and they constitute ~6 and 1.5% of all cases of the skull and jaws lesions, respectively. Case presentation: Herein, the case of an 80-year-old male with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of ABC involving the body of the left mandible was presented. The patient underwent partial mandiblectomy after confirmation of the diagnosis using orthopantomography, a computed tomography scan, and a tissue biopsy. The patient was free from pain after 1-year of follow-up, and the control orthopantomography showed no evidence of recurrence. This was followed by reconstruction of the healed part of the bone with titanium plates and a piece of bone from the lateral two-thirds of the left femur and thereafter he was cosmetically well. Clinical discussion: Patients with ABCs present with expansile and radiolucent bone lesions, which may be associated with displacement and loss of teeth due to alveolar bone erosion. Complete excision of the lesions is mandatory for the prevention of recurrence and increased morbidity. Conclusion: ABCs that involve the jaws are extremely rare and are more likely to pose a diagnostic challenge as they are more likely to be confused clinically with other expansile radiolucent bone lesions such as ameloblastoma, osteoblastoma, and giant cell tumor among many others. Also, those with extensive bone matrix formation may sometimes be confused histologically with other bone forming tumors including osteosarcoma. Recurrence is common but it can be avoided or minimized by complete resection of the lesion.
Bartholin’s gland hyperplasia with dysplastic changes: a rare case report
(Oxford University Press, 2020) Yahaya, James J.
The purpose of this paper is to report unusual, rarest and interesting case of a patient with nodular hyperplasia of Bartholin’s gland with dysplastic changes. The case of a 30-year old female with right-sided Bartholin’s gland hyperplasia with dysplastic changes, which was confirmed histopathologically, is presented in this paper. The patient reported increased swelling of the right major labium when she became sexually aroused with intermittent dyspareunia during intercourse. Surgical excision of the swelling was done under general anaesthesia. Healing of the surgical scar was complete and she reported no any discomfort or dyspareunia during sexual intercourse. Bartholin’s gland swellings with firm consistency require complete excision due to possibility of being neoplastic rather than just inflammation, cyst or obstructed gland particularly in postmenopausal women. Diagnosis of nodular hyperplasia of Bartholin’s gland with areas of dysplastic changes in the present case is of great interest and requires further investigation.
Clinical and histopathological profile of patients with prostate cancer in Kampala, Uganda
(Zambia Medical Association, 2019) Yahaya, James J.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent malignancy among adult men with marked variation in mortality rate across regions globally. Uganda has the highest incidence of prostate cancer in East Africa. This study explored the spectrum of clinical and histopathological profile of patients diagnosed with PCa in Uganda between 2012 and 2014 at the Department of pathology, Makerere College of Health Sciences (Mak CHS). This was a descriptive cross-sectional study aimed at providing an update of the spectrum of clinical and histopathological profile of patients with PC in Uganda. The study involved 211 cases diagnosed at the department of pathology between 2012 and 2014. After obtaining ethical clearance to carry out the study from the school of biomedical science; laboratory requisition forms collected, were used to extract the biodata information and also selection of the cases. Having selected the cases by using non-probability approach, tissue blocks were retrieved from the archive of the laboratory, sectioned and stained with haemtoxylin and eosin stains and cover-slipped before being examined by the investigator. Data generated were entered in the data collection form and analysis for frequency and descriptive statistics was done using SPSS version 16.0. The study involved 211 patients with prostate cancer. The median age at diagnosis was 70 years and most of them, 82.9% had total PSA ≥ greater than 4.0ng/ml. Incomplete voiding of urine was the most common clinical feature which accounted for 43.6% and more than half, 61.2% of the patients had advanced disease. Almost half of the patients (44.6%) had Gleason score ≥ 8 and 47.9% of all the cases were in high risk group. Majority of patients with PCa in Uganda have raised pre-treatment total PSA and most of them are diagnosed with advanced disease. They also have high parameters of biologically aggressive prostate cancer such as Gleason score, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion and positive surgical margins.
Hormonal receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 and triple negative immunohistochemical typing in women with breast cancer in Kampala, Uganda
(Dove medical press, 2020) Mlole, Angela T.; Yahaya, James J.; Othieno, Emmanuel; Kalungi, Sam; Okwi, Andrew L.
The expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) has been reported to have an invaluable prognostic role. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of ER, PR and HER2 in women with breast cancer (BC) in Kampala, Uganda. Expression of ER, PR and HER2 was determined immunohistochemically. Logistic regression was performed to determine the effect of the independent factors in predicting the risk of not expressing the breast markers. A two-tailed p<0.05 was regarded to be statistically significant. ER, PR and HER2 were expressed in 53.4%, 46.6% and 18.5%, respectively. ER and PR co-expression was present in 42.7% and 37.9% patients had triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Age was an independent predictor of expression of ER (AOR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.062–0.541, p = 0.002) and PR (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.129–0.968, p = 0.043). The majority of patients in this study had less than 50 years with high tumour grade. Interestingly, most of them had high expression of HER2 with TNBC which are molecular subtypes of BC with poor prognosis. Age was an independent predictor of expression of both ER and PR.
Immunohistochemical expression of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in a cohort of Ugandan men with prostate cancer: an analytical cross-sectional study
(Springer Open, 2020) Amsi, Patrick T.; Yahaya, James J.; Kalungi, Sam; Odida, Michael
Mutation of the tumour suppressor genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 is thought to cause early development of prostate cancer which has poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of BRCA1/2 and correlate it with clinicopathological factors for patients with prostate cancer in uganda. Retrospectively, we used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of BRCA1/2 antibodies in tissue blocks of 188 patients with prostate cancer who were diagnosed between January 2005 and December 2014 in the Department of Pathology, Makerere College of Health Sciences. The Chi-Square test was used to determine the association of the categorical variables, whereas t-test was used to compare groups of mean of the variables in the study. Expression of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was found in 26.1% and 22.9% cases, respectively. Co-expression of BRCA1 and BRCA2 was found in only 7.4%. Gleason score was associated with expression of BRCA1 and BRCA2 (P = 0.013, P = 0.041, respectively). Age was not associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 expression; P = 0.543, P = 0.091, respectively. Likewise, PSA was not associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 expression; P = 0.446, P = 0.399, respectively. BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins in this study were expressed more in cases with poorly differentiated prostate cancer than in cases with either well or moderately differentiated prostate cancer. Co-expression of BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins in the same patient in our study was 3 times less than either BRCA1 or BRCA2 alone.
Inflammatory fibroid polyp in a 48-year-old male: A rare cause of intussusception
(Hindawi, 2020) Karuhanga, Theresia; Ngimba, Caroline; Yahaya, James J.
Inflammatory fibroid polyp is a neoplastic condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract and particularly the gastric antrum. It is virtually a benign submucosal mass comprising mesenchymal cells and numerous small blood vessels with inflammatory cells and commonly eosinophils. Patients with inflammatory fibroid polyps usually present clinically with mechanical intestinal obstruction with or without intussusception. Herein, we present a case of a 48-year-old male with a known history of schizophrenia who presented with mechanical intestinal obstruction following intussusception due to inflammatory fibroid polyp involving the proximal jejunojejunal part of the jejunum.
Influence of maternal lifestyle behaviors on birth weight and Apgar score
(Elsevier, 2021) Abdallah, Amina Y.; Joho, Angelina A.; Yahaya, James J.
Introduction: Unhealthy maternal lifestyles has been found to be associated with various adverse birth outcomes including low birth weight and low Apgar score. Purpose of the study: The aim was to determine the influence of maternal lifestyle behaviors on birth weight and Apgar score among post-delivery women in Zanzibar. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical hospital-based study which included 301 post-delivery women was conducted in Zanzibar from May to July 2019. The predictors of adverse birth outcomes (low birth weight and low Apgar score) were determined using Binary Logistic regression under multivariate analysis using SPSS version 23.0. P < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: The mean age of the post-delivery women was 28.6 ± 6.709 years. Low birth weight and low Apgar score were found in 40.2% and 26.9% of all the newborn, respectively. Passive tobacco smoking during pregnancy had almost a 4-fold increased risk of low birth weight (AOR = 3.77, 95% CI = 2.16–6.58, p = 0.001). Alcoholism during pregnancy had an almost 2-fold increased risk of causing low birth weight (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI = 3.11–5.34, p = 0.023). Inadequate dietary intake during pregnancy had a 1.21-fold increased risk of low birth weight (AOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.42–1.21, p = 0.007). Conclusion: Being a passive smoker, alcoholism and inadequate dietary intake during pregnancy may predict low birth weight and low Apgar score. Therefore, education should be given to pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in order to prevent or reduce the number of women giving birth to babies with either low birth weight or low Apgar score.
Missed opportunity of deworming a Maasai boy from nomadic family leading to life threatening intestinal obstruction
(Oxford University Press, 2020) Pyuza, Jeremia J.; Andongolile, Alice A.; Issangya, Christain E.; Msuya, David; Yahaya, James J.; Shao, Elichilia R.; Mremi, Alex R.
Mass deworming against soil-transmitted helminthiasis, including Ascaris lumbricoides (AL), is one of the largest public health interventions in low- and middle-income countries. The prevalence of A. lumbricoides in Tanzania is 6.8%. We present a 3-year-old male of a known Tanzanian nomadic tribe (Masaai tribe) with history of missed deworming, who was brought to the emergency department with a 3-day history of constipation, non-projectile, bilious vomiting, generalized abdominal distension and pain. He was diagnosed with intestinal obstruction by the use of a plain abdominal X-ray, which revealed marked gaseous distension of the stomach and bowels without significant air-fluid levels. He was initially treated with intravenous ceftriaxone 50 mg/kg, metronidazole 15 mg/kg and acetaminophen 15 mg/kg. An explorative laparotomy was then performed. Intraoperative findings demonstrated a dense collection of A. lumbricoides worms in the gangrenous proximal jejunum and duodenum. Thorough abdominal lavage was carried out and abdomen was closed.
Mucinous colorectal carcinoma in a 17-Year-old male: A diagnosis with low clinical index of suspicion
(Hindawi, 2019) Yahaya, James J.; Msokwa, Edward K.; Mremi, A.
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is commonly found in adults. CRC in the pediatric population is extremely rare. Usually, CRC is diagnosed in children at an advanced stage due to a low clinical index of suspicion. Mucinous type of CRC and its signet ring variant are the most common histological types which carry very poor clinical outcomes. This paper reports a 17-year-old male who presented with mild pallor and a 3-month history of abdominal pain accompanied with a mass on the left lower quadrant, and it was then confirmed histologically to be mucinous CRC of signet ring variant. This paper will help to raise awareness among the physicians and paediatricians in including CRC in the preliminary workouts for the purpose of shortening the delay for diagnosis which in turn would compromise the prognosis of the patients.
Ovarian sex cord tumour with annular tubules in a 13-year-old female: a case report
(Oxford University Press, 2020) Yahaya, James J.; Mshana, Daudi; Mremi, Alex
Sex cord tumour with annular tubules (SCTAT) is uncommon and distinctive type of sex cord-stromal tumours of the ovary which develops from sex cord cells. Most of SCTATs are strongly associated with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS) and have low malignancy potential; however, 20% of non-PJS-associated SCTATs have been reported to have high malignancy potential. Herein, we present a 13-year-old female who presented with severe abdominal pain localized in the right lower side, associated with nausea. Based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, the diagnosis was confirmed to be SCTAT. SCTAT of the ovary is extremely rare in the paediatric population as compared to the general population. Its occurrence among paediatrics as it was the case in the patient described in this paper may pose diagnostic challenges due to lack of clinical suspicion and therefore resulting in delay of diagnosis.
Overexpression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Correlation with Clinicopathological Characteristics in Central Uganda
(ScienceDomain International, 2019) Munema, Asafu M.; Yahaya, James J.; Lukande, Robert; Kalungi, Sam
The aims of the current study were to determine the prevalence of epidermal growth factor (EGFR) receptor in patients diagnosed with oesophagal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as well as assessing the correlation of overexpression of EGFR with age, gender and tumour grades of the cases. This was a cross-sectional analytical study. The study was conducted in the pathology laboratory at the department of pathology, Makerere College of Health Sciences, Kampala-Uganda for five months. A sample of 127 archival tissue blocks from patients with ESCC diagnosed between 2010 and 2012 was retrieved from the tissue repository and used to assess overexpression of EGFR using monoclonal mouse Anti-human wild type EGFR antibody. For the association between age and overexpression of EGFR, Kruskal- Wallis H test was used and for tumour grade and sex and EGFR, Chi-Square test was performed using SPSS version 16.0. P ˂ .05 was considered statistically significant. The age range of the patients with ESCC in this study was 35-99 years with a mean of 59.55 years. The peak age of the cases was 55-64 years. Males and females were 68.5% and 31.5% respectively. Moderately differentiated tumours dominated by comprising 59.9%. The prevalence of overexpression of EGFR was 61.4%. The highest overexpression of EGFR was seen in cases with grade 2 compared to grade 1 and 3 but not statistically significant (P = .255). Overexpression of EGFR was relatively higher in cases with age ≥ 50 years, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .931). Males expressed relatively higher EGFR than females, however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = .944). Majority of patients with ESCC in Uganda have moderately differentiated tumour and a significant number of them tend to show overexpression of EGFR antigen.
Predictors of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at regional referral hospitals in the central zone, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024-02-29) Shillah, Wilfred B.; Yahaya, James J.; Morgan, Emmanuel D.; Bintabara, Deogratius
Microvascular complications encompass a group of diseases which result from long-standing chronic effect of diabetes mellitus (DM). We aimed to determine the prevalence of microvascular complications and associated risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A cross-sectional analytical hospital-based study was conducted at Singida and Dodoma regional referral hospitals in Tanzania from December 2021 to September 2022. A total of 422 patients with T2DM were included in the analysis by determining the prevalence of microvascular complications and their predictors using multivariable logistic regression analysis. A two-tailed p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The prevalence of microvascular complications was 57.6% (n= 243) and diabetic retinopathy was the most common microvascular complication which accounted for 21.1% (n= 89). Having irregular physical activity (AOR= 7.27, 95% CI = 2.98–17.71, p < 0.001), never having physical activity (AOR= 2.38, 95% CI = 1.4–4.01, p = 0.013), being hypertensive (AOR= 5.0, 95% CI = 2.14–11.68, p = 0.030), having T2DM for more than 5 years (AOR= 2.74, 95% CI = 1.42–5.26, p = 0.025), being obese (AOR= 2.63, 95% CI = 1.22–5.68, p = 0.010), and taking anti-diabetic drugs irregularly (AOR= 1.94, 95% CI = 0.15–0.77, p < 0.001) were the predictors of microvascular complications. This study has revealed a significant proportion of microvascular complications in a cohort of patients with T2DM. Lack of regular physical activity, being obese, taking anti-diabetic drugs irregularly, presence of hypertension, and long-standing duration of the disease, were significantly associated with microvascular complications.
Primary cutaneous malignant melanoma with papillary features: A case report signifying morphologic diversity in malignant melanoma
(ScienceDomain International, 2019) Yahaya, James J.
The purpose of this work was to describe the way how primary cutaneous malignant melanoma can present with papillary features and hence mimicking malignant tumours which are commonly accompanied with papillary features such as papillary thyroid carcinoma. The case reported in this article was of an African female aged 61 years who presented with a darkish small swelling on the dorsum of the right hand, slightly painful and tender for 3 months since its onset. Malignant melanoma as it is encountered in daily clinical practice ought to be deemed as being a malignant tumour that can sometimes show diverse histomorphological presentation including papillary features as it was in the case herein reported. This kind of presentation can lead to the wrong diagnosis, thus, contributing to the delaying of proper diagnosis and even jeopardizing the prognosis of the patient. Malignant melanoma should be included in the differentials of malignant tumours presenting histologically with papillary features.
Primary leiomyoma of the left ventricle leading to sudden and unexpected death in a 74-year-old male: a case report
(SpringerOpen, 2020) Yahaya, James J.
Primary cardiac tumours arising from smooth muscle cells are said to be very rare in the literature. Primary leiomyoma of the heart particularly in men is extremely rare. To the best of my knowledge, there are only two reported cases of boys with primary leiomyoma of the heart in the English literature. Most of leiomyoma tumours involving the heart reported in the literature are a result of cardiac extensions of intravenous leiomyomatosis through the inferior vena cava.Case presentation: A case of left ventricular primary leiomyoma in a 74-year-old male is reported. He had no known previous history of heart disease but he died suddenly and unexpectedly. At autopsy, the heart measured420 gm and when it was opened, a solid tumour of size 4 × 3 × 2 cm involving the lower left ventricle on the anterior aspect of the heart was found. The tumour was extending to the left ventricular septum and was growing by protruding into the left ventricle chamber which finally was confirmed histopathologically to be a leiomyoma. Conclusion: Cardiac benign tumours are rare and can be life threatening because of embolization following their detachment which is manifested clinically by stroke. Additionally, they are clinically asymptomatic; therefore, they cannot be easily detected. In case of clinical suspicion, echocardiography and other imaging diagnostic tests should be used to confirm presence of a tumour.
Rationale of indications for caesarean delivery and associated factors among primigravidae in Tanzania
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Mpotora, Juliana C.; Yahaya, James J.; Ngw'eshemi, Secilia K.; Mwampagatwa, Ipyana H.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of modes of delivery and associated maternal and newborn outcomes among singleton primigravidae in the Iringa region of Tanzania. A cross-sectional, analytical hospital-based study was conducted in the Iringa region among 356 singleton primigravidae between April and August 2018. Convenience sampling and consecutive collection of data using a face-to-face interviewer-administered questionnaire was done. A total of 356 singleton primigravid women with a mean age of 22.0 years (range: 15–49) participated in the study. The majority of the participants (73.0%, n = 250) were in the 20–35 age group. Caesarean and vaginal delivery were performed in 41.3% (n = 147) and 58.7% (n = 209) of the cases, respectively. The maternal height and weight of the newborn were significantly associated with caesarean delivery; (p = 0.001) and (p = 0.029), respectively. After adjusting for all variables, birth asphyxia (AOR = 3.25, 95% CI: 1.867–5.646, p = 0.000) and low birth weight (AOR = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.003–0.211, p = 0.001) were associated with caesarean delivery. The findings of our study indicated the prevalence of caesarean section to be three times more than that recommended by the World Health Organization. Pregnant women with a height of less than 150 cm should be considered for caesarean section. Therefore, it is necessary for stakeholders in the health sector to formulate guidelines for absolute indications for caesarean section.
Recurrent giant phyllodes tumour in a 17-year-oldfemale: a rare case report
(Oxford Academic, 2020) Yahaya, James J.
Phyllodes tumours (PTs) are rare fibroepithelial tumours of the breast with incidence accounting for <1% in the general population. Availability of reports on PTs with size of 31 cm or more in diameter in the literature are extremely rare. Herein, the case of a 17-year-old female patient with a giant recurrent right breast PT is reported. Histologically, the tumour showed proliferation of stromal tumour cells consisting of spindle cells with uniform nuclear chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and proliferation labelling index for Ki67 of <10%. PTs require meticulous surgical excision due to the fact that they have a high rate of recurrence and status of surgical margins must be included in the pathology report. This is because recurrent cases of PTs tend to grow faster than the primary ones with a high chance of transforming to malignancy.
Transfusion-transmitted infections and associated risk factors at the northern zone blood transfusion center in Tanzania: a study of blood donors between 2017 and 2019
(Public Library of Science, 2021) Mrem, Alex; Yahaya, James J.; Nyindo, Mramba; Mollel, Edson
Blood transfusion saves many people every year that would otherwise have died. The present study aimed to provide an update and insightful information regarding prevalence of the common Transfusion-Transmitted Infections (TTIs) and associated factors among blood donors in Tanzania. This was a cross-sectional study involving retrospectively collected data of blood donors from the Tanzania Northern Zone Blood Transfusion Center between 2017 and 2019. Descriptive statistics were performed to describe characteristics of the blood donors. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine association between prevalence of TTIs and socio-demographic factors. P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 101,616 blood donors were included in the present study of which 85,053(83.7%) were males while16,563 (16.3%) were females. Of all participants, the majority 45,400(44.7%) were aged between 18 and 25 years; 79,582 (78.3%) were voluntary non-remunerated donors while 22,034 (21.7%) were replacement donors. The vast majority of them 99,626 (98%) were first time blood donors while 1990 (2%) were multiple donors. The overall prevalence of TTIs was 10.1% (10,226 out of 101,616) of which the leading was HBV accounting for 5.1% (5,264 out of 101,616). Being a replacement donor was associated with all the four types of TTIs: HIV (AOR=1.22,95% CI= 1.10–1.35), HBV (AOR= 1.35,95% CI= 1.27–1.44),HCV (AOR= 1.28,95% CI= 1.12–1.46), and syphilis (AOR= 1.33,95% CI=1.20–1.48). Our study has demonstrated that Tanzania has relatively high prevalence of TTIs compared to some countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. HBV infection seems to be the most common infection among blood donors and replacement blood donors are at a higher risk of harboring the commonest TTIs among blood donors

Browsing by Author "Yahaya, James J."

Results Per Page

Sort Options