Browsing by Author "Yahaya, James Joseph"

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    Clinical profile of paediatric head and neck cancers at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania
    (RBC / Rwanda Health Communication Centre, 2020) Abraham, Zephania Saitabau; Massawe, Enica Richard; Kahinga, Aveline Aloyce; Mapondella, Kassim Babu; Massawe, Willybroad Augustine; Swai, Henry; Mithe, Siwillis; Yahaya, James Joseph; Ntunaguzi, Daudi
    Background: Paediatric head and neck cancers represent an important group of childhood cancers that require maximum attention at large. They are often diagnosed at advanced clinical stages at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). Objective: To describe the clinical profile of paediatric head and neck cancers at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania Method: A hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 180 paediatric patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS program version 21. Results: A total of 180 paediatric patients were recruited where 61.1% were males and 38.9% were females. Majority belonged to the age group 0-5 years (53.9%). A total of 10 primary anatomical sites were found with the neck (cervical lymph node) predominating (36.1%), followed by the orbit/eye (34.4%) and the least anatomical sites were oral cavity (1.1%) and parapharyngeal space (0.5%). Leukocoria (93.9%), red eye (93.9%) and orbital cellulitis (77.6%) predominated in retinoblastoma but in patients with lymphomas, predominant features were night sweats (100%), weight loss (100%) and fevers (95.8%). Conclusion: The clinical profile depicted in this study appears to correlate with advanced clinical stages.
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    Clinico-pathological profile of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at Muhimbili national hospital, Dares Salaam, Tanzania
    (Scientific Research Publishing, 2019) Abraham, Zephania Saitabau; Massawe, Enica Richard; Ntunaguzi, Daudi; Kahinga, Aveline Aloyce; Yahaya, James Joseph; Mithe, Siwillis Elizabeth
    Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an uncommon malignant tumor which has been reported invariably and cases have been encountered in Tanzania. Though rare they are associated with potential morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinico-pathological profile of such neoplasm in our set up. Methods: A retrospective review of 25 cases from hospital archives for 3 consecutive years was done where all patients with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of NPC were recruited. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: Of the 25 eligible cases, 15 (60%) were males and 10 (40%) were females. Age range was 15-70 years. The peak age was 30-50 years in males and 50-59 years in females. Highest incidence was in the 5th decade. The commonest presenting features were cervical lymphadenopathy (92%) epistaxis (80%), hearing loss (80%) and nasal obstruction (76%) while the least common feature was seizures (4%). Histologically, undifferentiated carcinoma (76%) was the commonest variant while the least common one was differentiated non keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (8%). Identifiable risk factors were consumption of salted smoked fish (80%), tobacco use (60%), alcohol intake (52%) and occupational exposure to wood dust (32%). Majority of patients (80%) were diagnosed with advanced stage of the disease (Stage IV). Conclusions: Findings from this study correlate with what has been reported elsewhere. Clinicians should have a higher index of suspicion in diagnosing NPC to enable early referral and prompt treatment of such malignant neoplasm.
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    Primary osteosarcoma of the breast with extensive chondroid matrix in a teenager female patient: the paradoxical diagnosis in breast mastopathy
    (Dove Medical Press, 2020) Yahaya, James Joseph; Odida, Michael
    Non-epithelial tumors of the breast are extremely rare and have an incidence of less than 1%. The most common non-epithelial breast tumor is the phyllodes tumor (PT), which accounts for 61%. Primary osteosarcomas of the breast contribute up to only 12.5% of all breast sarcomas. In young females, osteosarcomas are extremely rare, especially in those without a previous history of primary bone osteosarcoma. A case of a 16-year old female with primary osteosarcoma of the breast (POB) with extensive chondroid matrix involving the left breast is herein presented. This report describes a 16-year old female with neither a previous history of bone osteosarcoma nor family history of breast cancer who was diagnosed with a primary chondroblastic osteosarcoma of the left breast. The mass was shining, warm, firm, and slightly fixed. The excisional biopsy showed a large tumor measuring 11x9x7 cm which was encapsulated, grayish-white, and nodular. Primary osteosarcomas of the breast carry a poor prognosis by being triple negative and because of being the rarest tumors, they pose a challenge in managing the patients due to lack of established treatment modalities.
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    Prognostic factors for overall survival of patients with prostate cancer in Kyadondo county, Uganda
    (Hindawi, 2020) Yahaya, James Joseph; Okecha, Tonny; Odida, Michael; Wabinga, Henry
    Background. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men globally. A few studies that have been done in Uganda on survival of patients with prostate cancer indicate that, the overall survival of patients with prostate cancer in Uganda is poor. The aim of this study was to determine the 3-year overall survival rate of a cohort of patients with prostate cancer residing in Kyadondo County who were diagnosed from 2012 to 2014. The secondary objective was to correlate the overall survival with the clinicopathological prognostic factors. Materials and Methods. This was a retrospective cohort study which involved 136 patients who were diagnosed histologically with prostate cancer at the department of pathology between 2012 and 2014. The cases were registered at the Kampala cancer registry and followed up to 31st December 2017. Data analysis was done using STATA version 12.0. The Kaplan-Meir curves were used for analysis of the 3-year overall survival rate. Hazard ratio (HR) and Log-rank test at 95% confidence interval under Cox-regression model were used to evaluate the effect of the covariates on the 3-year overall survival rate. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. More than half of the cases, 55.9% (n = 76) had Gleason score >8. Most of the patients, 67.7% (n = 92) had advanced disease at diagnosis. The 3-year overall survival rate was 67.6% with median survival of 36.5 months and range of 0–65 months. Clinical stage of the patients (HR = 1.65, p = 0.039), Gleason score (HR = 1.88, p = 0.008), and lymphovascular invasion (HR = 0.37, p = 0.002) were the independent predictors of the 3-year overall survival rate in this study. Conclusion. The 3-year overall survival of prostate cancer patients in Uganda is poor. Most of the patients with are diagnosed with advanced clinical stages (stage III and IV). The Gleason score, clinical stage and lymphovascular invasion can powerfully predict independently the overall survival of patients with prostate cancer. This implies that the Gleason score, clinical stage and lymphovascular invasion may be used to predict the overall survival of patients with prostate cancer even prior prostatectomy.