The late quaternary eruptive history of Meru volcano, northern Tanzania

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dc.contributor.authorKisaka, Mary
dc.contributor.authorFontijn, Karen
dc.contributor.authorShemsanga, Ceven
dc.contributor.authorTomašek, Ines
dc.contributor.authorGaduputi, Sankaranna
dc.contributor.authorDebaille, Vinciane
dc.contributor.authorDelcamp, Audray
dc.contributor.authorKervyn, Matthieu
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-23T13:55:14Z
dc.date.available2023-05-23T13:55:14Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.descriptionAbsrtact. Full text article available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107314en_US
dc.description.abstractMt. Meru, in the northern Tanzania divergence zone within the East African Rift System, is a historically active volcano, with its last eruption in 1910 CE. The flank deposits of Meru are dominated by lava flows, debris avalanche deposits as well as major pyroclastic formations indicative of Plinian-style eruptions. The stratigraphy, spatial extent, and chronology of these pyroclastic deposits have, however, not been systematically studied. Here we report on the detailed reconstruction of the stratigraphy and eruptive dynamics of Late Quaternary Meru explosive eruptions, based on field investigations, geochronological and geochemical analyses. The findings indicate that Meru had at least three moderate-to-large-scale explosive eruptions over the past 40,000 years. The oldest Meru explosive event we recognize (MXP1) generated pyroclastic density currents (PDCs), while the second (MXP2) and the third, most intense explosive event (MXP3) generated both pyroclastic fallout and PDCs. Conventional radiocarbon dating of 6 palaeosols underlying MXP2 and MXP3, dated at ~34.1–38.5 ka cal BP and ~31.5–36.9 ka cal BP respectively, suggest these two eruptions may have followed each other relatively close in time. The compositional range of pumice lapilli of both MXP2 and MXP3 is limited to tephriphonolite-phonolite. Dispersal and thickness data of the better preserved and larger MXP3 deposits suggest a minimum bulk volume of 2.5 km3 of pumice fallout and 1.2 km3 of PDCs, respectively, which corresponds to a total erupted mass of at least 2.7 × 1012 kg and a magnitude of 5.4. Similar large-scale eruptions in the future would have a considerable impact on the nearby large urban population in Arusha city and its suburbs. This new information is, therefore, vital for the long-term volcanic hazard assessment in Northern Tanzania.en_US
dc.identifier.citationKisaka, M., Fontijn, K., Shemsanga, C., Tomašek, I., Gaduputi, S., Debaille, V., ... & Kervyn, M. (2021). The late quaternary eruptive history of Meru volcano, northern Tanzania. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 417, 107314.en_US
dc.identifier.otherDOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107314
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12661/3876
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.subjectVolcanoen_US
dc.subjectMeru volcanoen_US
dc.subjectTanzaniaen_US
dc.subjectRift systemen_US
dc.subjectActive volcanoen_US
dc.subjectMount Meru flanksen_US
dc.subjectPyroclastic depositen_US
dc.subjectMount Meru eruptionen_US
dc.subjectQuaternary eruptionen_US
dc.subjectDebris avalancheen_US
dc.subjectDormant volcanoen_US
dc.subjectActive volcanoen_US
dc.subjectLava flowen_US
dc.subjectEast African Rift Systemen_US
dc.subjectExplosive eruptionsen_US
dc.subjectVolcanic hazarden_US
dc.titleThe late quaternary eruptive history of Meru volcano, northern Tanzaniaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
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