Journal Articles

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Browsing Journal Articles by Author "Abraham, Zephania S."

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    Aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandible: a rare case report and literature review
    (Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), 2023) Yahaya, James J.; Morgan, Emmanuel D.; Abraham, Zephania S.; Othieno, Emmanuel
    Introduction and importance: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign, non-neoplastic cystic lesions composed of multiple blood-filled cavities, which are separated by connective tissue septa and they constitute ~6 and 1.5% of all cases of the skull and jaws lesions, respectively. Case presentation: Herein, the case of an 80-year-old male with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of ABC involving the body of the left mandible was presented. The patient underwent partial mandiblectomy after confirmation of the diagnosis using orthopantomography, a computed tomography scan, and a tissue biopsy. The patient was free from pain after 1-year of follow-up, and the control orthopantomography showed no evidence of recurrence. This was followed by reconstruction of the healed part of the bone with titanium plates and a piece of bone from the lateral two-thirds of the left femur and thereafter he was cosmetically well. Clinical discussion: Patients with ABCs present with expansile and radiolucent bone lesions, which may be associated with displacement and loss of teeth due to alveolar bone erosion. Complete excision of the lesions is mandatory for the prevention of recurrence and increased morbidity. Conclusion: ABCs that involve the jaws are extremely rare and are more likely to pose a diagnostic challenge as they are more likely to be confused clinically with other expansile radiolucent bone lesions such as ameloblastoma, osteoblastoma, and giant cell tumor among many others. Also, those with extensive bone matrix formation may sometimes be confused histologically with other bone forming tumors including osteosarcoma. Recurrence is common but it can be avoided or minimized by complete resection of the lesion.
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    Otorhinolaryngology services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania
    (Springer Nature, 2021) Abraham, Zephania S.
    Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains to be a global pandemic and cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Since the mode of transmission of the virus from one person to another is through respiratory droplets, saliva, and fomites, otorhinolaryngologists are highly exposed to COVID-19 while executing their daily functions. Examination of anatomic sites like the nose and throat exposes the otorhinolaryngologist to possible contact with bodily fluids from the patient. Such examination also requires maintenance of close contact with the patient further increasing the exposure risk. Despite the heightened odds of contracting COVID-19 infection during their routine practice, otorhinolaryngologists in Tanzania have continued managing patients while adhering to the available local guidelines aimed at protecting themselves and also the patients from COVID-19. The aim of this letter it to oversee the current status of otorhinolaryngology services in Tanzania during this era of COVID-19 pandemic.