UDOM IR :: Browsing by Author "Gesase, Ainory P."

Browsing by Author "Gesase, Ainory P."

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Accessory lobes, accessory fissures and prominent papillary process of the liver
(Anatomy Journal of Africa, 2015) Pryakhin, Alexey; Yukhimets, Sergey; Chernomortseva, Elena; Gesase, Ainory P.
Often unreported hepatic variations include accessory fissures, lobes and processes. Variant hepatic fissures further show variations in location and depth. Accessory lobes of the liver have different size, shape, situation, connection with maternal organ. These abnormalities in the anatomy of human liver have the unspecified clinical significance. We described four examples with a combination of accessory lobes, accessory fissures and prominent papillary processes. Clinicians should be aware of such variations to prevent diagnostic and therapeutic misadventures.
Effect of community-based lifestyle education intervention to reduce cardiovascular diseases risk factors among vulnerable population in Dodoma city, Tanzania: a cluster randomized controlled trial study protocol
(Oxford Academic, 2021) Gibore, Nyasiro S.; Munyogwa, Mariam J.; Ng’weshemi, Secilia K.; Gesase, Ainory P.
Tanzania is experiencing the rise of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and associated risk factors including hypertension, obesity and diabetes mellitus. Health education and healthy lifestyle promotion is an effective approach toward primary prevention of the risk factors and can be achieved through community-based intervention. The objective of this protocol is to test the effectiveness of community-based lifestyle education intervention in reducing CVDs risk factors among vulnerable population in Dodoma City. This protocol is designed as a cluster-randomized controlled trial with a quantitative approach in which participants aged from 31 years will be assigned randomly to a control or intervention group. A total of 800 participants will be recruited in the study. The study will consist of six stages (baseline, first to fourth follow-up, and end-line surveys) in 6 months for both the intervention and the control group. The intervention will be implemented twice-monthly for the first 3 months, then monthly for the last 3 months. In each stage, participants from all groups will be measured for biological and behavioral CVDs risk factors. Health education and a healthy lifestyle promotion for prevention of CVDs risk factors will be provided to the intervention group only during each stage. The main outcome measures will be changes in body weight, blood pressure, blood glucose, dietary habits, and physical exercise in the intervention compared with the control group. Independent and paired t-tests will be employed to make comparisons between and within groups. P-values of less than 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.
G-protein activation enhances Ca+2-dependent lipid secretion of the rat Harderian gland
(Springer-Verlag, 1995) Gesase, Ainory P.; Satoh, Y.; Ono, K.
We studied the secretory mechanism of the Harderian gland of rats. After perfusion with HEPES-buffered Ringer's solution containing NaF (10 mM) with AlCl3 (10 μM), a G-protein activator, the glandular cells of the Harderian gland showed massive exocytosis and apocrine-like protrusions on the luminal surface. Some of the secretory vacuoles aggregated within the cytoplasm, and large vacuoles were formed. Contraction of the myoepithelial cells covering the glandular endpieces caused a narrowing of the glandular lumina, which contained cytoplasmic fragments, and deformation of the basal contour of the glandular end-pieces. The basal regions of the glandular cells also bulged between the myoepithelial cells. Secretory vacuoles were also discharged to the lateral cell surface, and the intercellular spaces were dilated. The enhanced secretory activities of the glandular cells and the contraction of the myoepithelial cells were similar to those in rats stimulated with 10 μM carbachol (CCh). However, dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum in glandular cells (type A cells), which leads to the formation of small vesicles, was observed in those glands stimulated by NaF+AlCl3, but not in those stimulated by CCh. Removal of Ca+2 from the perfusing HR or addition of EDTA (0.5 mM) diminished and inhibited NaF+AlCl3- or CCh-enhanced secretory activity of the glandular cells and also allayed the deformation of glandular cells caused by myoepithelial cell contraction. The present results demonstrate the involvement of G-proteins and Ca2+-influx in the lipid secretion of glandular cells and in the contraction of myoepithelial cells of the Harderian gland in rats.
Looped left testicular artery in relation to a variant left renal vein: a case report
(Pulsus, 2014) Mchonde, Gabriel J.; Mwashambwa, Masumbuko Y.; Fabian, Flora M.; Gesase, Ainory P.
Variations involving the renal and testicular vessels are not uncommon. During a routine dissection of a 48-year-old male cadaver, one main and one accessory hilar renal vein were observed in the left kidney. The accessory hilar renal vein received the left testicular vein before it entered the main left renal vein. We also discovered for the first time the entrapment of the arched left testicular artery between the main renal vein and accessory hilar renal veins. The knowledge of these anatomical variations is important to radiologists in interpreting renal and testicular angiograms and to surgeons performing interventional procedures on a patient with these variations.
The male circumcision: the oldest ancient procedure, its past, present and future roles
(Health Research User's Trust Fund, 2013) Mwashambwa, Masumbuko Y.; Mwampagatwa, Ipyana H.; Rastagaev, Alexender; Gesase, Ainory P.
Circumcision, a surgical removal of male prepuce has existed throughout human history, and it appears it shall exist until humanity ends. During its entire existence, there have been changing reasons or indications from cultural, traditional, religious and currently medical, and it has vehemently been criticized by some individuals for different reasons and in different countries. Emergency of new diseases particularly Human Immunodeficient virus (HIV) has brought the ancient procedure back on spot light, this has come as a result of recent studies which have demonstrated that it does not only reduces significantly the rate of HIV infection, as well as penile cancer and cervical cancer. This has lead to massive male circumcision campaigns in areas with low prevalence of circumcision. On the other hand the socio-cultural and sexual aspects of male circumcision have been studied but often ignored. This article will therefore increase awareness of male circumcision and the increasing roles with time, recommend up scaling of medical male circumcision and possible safe circumcision training to tradition circumcisers.
Morpho-physiological features associated with menopause: recent knowledge and areas for future work
(Health Research User's Trust Fund, 2013) Mwampagatwa, Ipyana H.; Mwashambwa, Masumbuko Y.; Gesase, Ainory P.
Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from loss of ovarian follicular activity which happens as a result of depletion of primary follicles which is basically an aging effect. Depletion of ovarian follicles is reflected as declined production of oestradiol which is currently known to be central to the morphologic and physiological changes that happen during the climacteric, menopause and post menopause periods. The cessation of oestradiol production is much more pronounced in tissues with oestrogen receptors such as bones, brain, blood vessels, central nervous system and the skin. But generally little is known on the subject and in particular the bioactive substances involved in the process such that there are some symptoms that menopause women experience which not only defy clinicians but also challenge the management of the condition. This article is presented to shade light to what is currently known, what is not known and stimulate future research which may reveal more understanding and advance our knowledge on management of women throughout the climacteric and menopausal periods.
Morphological features of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive cells in the mouse islets of langerhans
(AJOL, 2009) Gesase, Ainory P.; Satoh, Y-I
The current immunohistochemical study used the antibody against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) to observe the immunoreactive elements in the mouse pancreas. The results indicated the presence of immunoreactive nerve fibers and endocrine cells. The immunopositive nerve fibers appeared as thick and thin bundles; thick bundles were seen to run along the blood vessels giving out fine fibers to the wall. Varicose nerve fibers were seen in the islets of Langerhans and also in close association with the exocrine endpieces. The TH immunoreactive cells were oval-round in shape and some showed the central non-staining area and the dense staining peripheral zone. More than 80% of the islets of Langerhans contained the immunoreactive cells. Individual islet showed between 3-10 immunopositive cells and a few contained 1-2 cells. The TH immunopositive cells were widely distributed in the islets; they were seen in the centre, at the intermediate position and at the periphery of the islets. The exact role of the TH immunoreactive cells in the islets of Langerhans is not known. It is possible that they secrete tyrosine hydroxylase that may have some paracrine influence to the endocrine cells. Wide distribution of these cells in the islets indicates that they may regulate the entire population of the islets cells
Prevalence and correlates of intestinal parasites among patients admitted to Mirembe National Mental Health Hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania
(Hindawi, 2017) Nyundo, Azan A.; Munisi, David Z.; Gesase, Ainory P.
Neglected tropical diseases continue to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Psychiatric patients are among groups at risk for parasitic infection although control and monitoring programs largely overlook this population. This study aimed at determining prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection among patients admitted to a psychiatric facility. The study followed cross-sectional design; all the residing patients that met the inclusion criteria were included in the survey. Stool samples were collected and examined by direct wet preparation and formol-ether concentration. Data were analyzed with STATA version 12.1; Chi-square test was computed to determine the level of significance at 𝑝 value < 0.05. Results. Of all 233 patients who returned the stool samples, 29 (12.45%) screened were positive for an intestinal parasite. There was no significant association between parasite carriage and age, sex, or duration of hospital stay. The study shows that intestinal parasitic infection is common among patients in a psychiatric facility and highlights that parasitic infections that enter through skin penetration may be a more common mode of transmission than the oral route. Furthermore, the study underscores the need for surveillance and intervention programs to control and manage these infections.
Prevalence and correlates of intestinal parasites among patients admitted to Mirembe national mental health hospital, Dodoma, Tanzania
(Hindawi, 2017) Nyundo, Azan; Munisi, David; Gesase, Ainory P.
Background. Neglected tropical diseases continue to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Psychiatric patients are among groups at risk for parasitic infection although control and monitoring programs largely overlook this population. This study aimed at determining prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection among patients admitted to a psychiatric facility. Method. The study followed cross-sectional design; all the residing patients that met the inclusion criteria were included in the survey. Stool samples were collected and examined by direct wet preparation and formol-ether concentration. Data were analyzed with STATA version 12.1; Chi-square test was computed to determine the level of significance at 𝑝 value < 0.05. Results. Of all 233 patients who returned the stool samples, 29 (12.45%) screened were positive for an intestinal parasite. There was no significant association between parasite carriage and age, sex, or duration of hospital stay. Conclusion. The study shows that intestinal parasitic infection is common among patients in a psychiatric facility and highlights that parasitic infections that enter through skin penetration may be a more common mode of transmission than the oral route. Furthermore, the study underscores the need for surveillance and intervention programs to control and manage these infections
Prevalence and factors aassociated with diarrhoea among children between 6 and 59 months of age in Mwanza city Tanzania
(Oxford University, 2018) Kabhele, Silas; New-Aaron, Moses; Kibusi, Stephen Matthew; Gesase, Ainory P.
Childhood diarrhoea is a global public health problem especially in unplanned settlements of low- and middle-income countries. Different studies have associated household settlement and childhood diarrhoea, but the prevalence and risk factors associated with childhood diarrhoea at the community level are not clearly known. A community-based cross-sectional study was performed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with diarrhoea in among 480 children between 6 and 59months of age in Mwanza city from June to August 2016. Risk factors associated with childhood diarrhoea in Mwanza city were determined using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. The study showed a prevalence of diarrhoea of 20.4% and an association between type of settlement and childhood diarrhoea (p<0.001) in a chi-square analysis. During bivariate analysis, and logistic regression, after controlling for other factors, unplanned settlement was signiﬁcantly associated with childhood diarrhoea (odds ratio¼3.475, p<0.001 and AOR¼3.469, p<0.001). Other factors associated with childhood diarrhoea were behaviour of mother washing hands before preparing food (AOR¼0, 193, p<0.001), mother washing hands after changing child’s napkins (AOR¼0.544, p<0.036) and the behaviour of the child washing hands after toilet (AOR¼0.447, p<0.006). Risk factors associated with childhood diarrhoea in Mwanza city are unplanned settlement and behaviour of mother and child washing hands during critical time; hence, continuous community health promotion insisting on washing hands with soap and water during critically time is the best method for ﬁghting childhood diarrhoea in Mwanza city.
Retrospective review of clinical and pathological pattern of prostatic diseases: a reminder to clinicians on an increased clinical vigilance, an experience from central, Tanzania
(Medical Association of Tanzania (MAT), 2017) Mwashambwa, Masumbuko Y.; Lilungulu, Athanase G.; Meremo, Afred J.; McCann, Martin; Gesase, Ainory P.
Prostatic diseases are a very common in men over 40 years of age and pose a significant risk in terms of morbidity and mortality. Globally, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatic cancer and prostatitis are the most common conditions mainly presenting with lower urinary symptoms or symptoms related to complications of urinary bladder obstruction. Despite the relatively high prevalence of prostatic diseases, there is paucity of literature on in most developing countries, East Africa inclusive. The aim of this study was therefore to conduct a retrospective review of all prostatic biopsies submitted to private histopathology laboratory in Central, Tanzania in order to understand the clinical and histological pattern of the diseases. This was a retrospective laboratory-based descriptive study. The study involved review of the available prostatic biopsy database for a period of one year, from February 2014 to February 2015. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (61.6%) and prostate cancer (28.3%) are the most prevalent clinical diagnoses. They often presented with lower urinary tract symptoms (45.5%) and urinary retention (41.5%), although a significant proportion of cases were missing clinical information (10.1%). Histologically, BPH was the most common prostatic disease (60%), followed by prostate cancer (24.1%) and prostatitis (15.9%). The likelihood of making correct clinical diagnosis of BPH and cancer of prostate was consistently low (66.3% and 51.9% respectively). Despite clinical suspicion of prostatic cancer, there was high preponderance by clinicians to perform prostatectomy (80%), contrary to standard recommendation. Most histologically confirmed prostatic cancer had unfavorable scores in terms of histological extent of tumor (63.6%) and Gleason’s sum (92.9%). This study has demonstrated that clinical and histological patterns of prostatic diseases are similar to other studies, most of which are presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms and urinary retention. The accuracy of clinical diagnosis is low and a significant number of clinically suspected cases of prostate cancer underwent surgical operation, many of whom had unfavorable prognostic scores. It is recommended that clinicians should: scale up clinical vigilance and index of suspicion in dealing with cases of prostatic diseases, provide necessary information to histopathologists, and adhere to guidelines in managing prostatic cancer. Furthermore, resources for management of prostatic diseases should be increased and more studies should be conducted.

Browsing by Author "Gesase, Ainory P."

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