Browsing by Author "Katalambula, L."

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    Colorectal cancer epidemiology in Tanzania: patterns in relation to dietary and lifestyle factors
    (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2018) Katalambula, L.; Petrucka, P.; Buza, J.; Ngoma, T.
    Chronic non-communicable diseases are increasingly captured as contributing to morbidity and mortality in low and middle income countries. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of colorectal cancer and the potential modifiable local risk factors in Tanzania. A cross sectional retrospective chart audit study was conducted to establish the pattern and distribution of colorectal cancer, The Food Frequency Questionnaire and the Step® survey tool were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, χ2 tests, and regression analysis were used and augmented by data visualization to display risk variable differences. Tanzania's colorectal cancer incidence has increased six times in the last decade in which major towns and cities of Dar es Salaam (20.2 per 100,000), Pwani (7.2 per 100,000), Kilimanjaro (4.4 per 100,000), Arusha (4.2 per 100,000), and Morogoro (3.6 per 100,000) had the highest percentage. This study reported that, almost 45% of the participants were hypertensive. Two major dietary patterns, namely “healthy” and “western”, existed among the study sample. Obesity was found in 25% of participants, whereas overweight was present in 28%; of note, the prevalence was higher in females (26.9%) than in males (23.6%) respectively. The prevalence of alcohol consumption was 21.5%, with a significantly lower rate of smoking (12.2%) noted within the study subjects. Both alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking were more common in men than women (22.7 vs. 20.6% and 24.5 vs. 3.2%, respectively). The prevalence of vigorous, moderate, and low physical activity for both sexes was 18.6%, 54.1% and 42.3%, respectively. Evidence from this study demonstrate that, like other NCDs CRC is increasing in Tanzania. Colon cancer is increasing at higher rate than rectal cancer seeming to align with change in lifestyle. Major towns and cities had the highest share of CRC patients. Diet, obesity, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and sedentary behavior have potential role to play in the rising trend of CRC and other NCDs. We recommend a large longitudinal study with robust methodology which can establish cause and effect relationships between specific lifestyle behaviors and the incidence of colorectal cancer.
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    Sensory properties, preference mapping and shelf life stability of linear programmed quelea meat based instant complementary food for children aged 6–23 months in Tanzania
    (Elsevier, 2022) Ngume, L.S.; Katalambula, L.; Munyogwa, M.; Mongi, R.J.
    Background: Linear programming has been reported to be a good technique that can be used to develop and optimize complementary foods to curb children's malnutrition. Despite some studies using it to develop and assess the nutritional quality of linear programmed instant complementary foods based on high proteinous red-billed quelea bird meat, information on the sensory and shelf life stability of these foods is limited in the country. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and assess the sensory properties, preference mapping and shelf life of the developed and optimized quale birds meat-based complementary flour and porridge. Methods: Four formulations; control containing birds meat only, banana mixed with meat (Banana_meat), potatoes mixed with meat (potatoes_meat) and rice mixed with meat (rice_meat) were developed by mixing with other ingredients and extruded separately using a barrel extrude to get flour. The extruded flours were assessed for shelf life and also used to develop porridge samples for sensory properties, consumer acceptance and preference mapping analyses using standard methods. Results: There were significant (p < 0.05) differences in mean intensity scores between the formulation with potatoes mixed with meat samples having higher colour (7.5 ± 1.5), aroma (7.3 ± 1.6), viscosity (5.3 ± 3.0) and smoothness (7.65.3 ± 2.5) values than other samples with respective lower values of 4.4 ± 2.1–6.5 ± 1.5.2.6 ± 0.6–6.4 ± 2.4), 4.8 ± 0.2–5.2 ± 1.8 and 2.7 ± 0.6–6.3 ± 2.3. Rice mixed with meat sample had significantly highest whiteness (4.5 ± 1.5) and sweetness (7.5 ± 1.9) intensities scores while the control meat only samples had significantly highest oiliness intensity scores (5.0 ± 1.4) compared to other samples. Moreover, the potatoes mixed with meat sample was the most acceptable formulation (7.7 ± 0.3) compared to other samples with aroma, smoothness sweetness, colour and viscosity attributes being the main drivers for consumer liking of complementary porridge samples. The shelf life study revealed that the overall acceptability scores of complementary flour samples decreased progressively with storage days with the longest predicted shelf life of 140 days observed in rice mixed with meat sample followed by potatoes mixed with meat with 48 days and the shortest shelf life of 23.7 days in control samples. Conclusion: This suggests that quelea bird meat could be combined with cereal, tubers, and other minor ingredients like vegetables, optimized using the linear programming technique and extruded into complementary instant flour and porridge for children between the ages of 6 and 23 months with long shelf lives, appealing sensory properties, and consumer acceptance, respectively. Hence, it is advised to use the method and consume the developed formulations.
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    Sensory properties, preference mapping and shelf life stability of linear programmed quelea meat based instant complementary food for children aged 6–23 months in Tanzania
    (Elsevier, 2022) Katalambula, L.; Munyogwa, M.; Mongi, R. J.; Ngume, L. S.
    Background: Linear programming has been reported to be a good technique that can be used to develop and optimize complementary foods to curb children’s malnutrition. Despite some studies using it to develop and assess the nutritional quality of linear programmed instant complementary foods based on high proteinous red-billed quelea bird meat, information on the sensory and shelf life stability of these foods is limited in the country. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and assess the sensory properties, preference mapping and shelf life of the developed and optimized quale birds meat-based complementary flour and porridge. Methods: Four formulations; control containing birds meat only, banana mixed with meat (Banana_meat), potatoes mixed with meat (potatoes_meat) and rice mixed with meat (rice_meat) were developed by mixing with other ingredients and extruded separately using a barrel extrude to get flour. The extruded flours were assessed for shelf life and also used to develop porridge samples for sensory properties, consumer acceptance and preference mapping analyses using standard methods. Results: There were significant (p < 0.05) differences in mean intensity scores between the formulation with potatoes mixed with meat samples having higher colour (7.5 ± 1.5), aroma (7.3 ± 1.6), viscosity (5.3 ± 3.0) and smoothness (7.65.3 ± 2.5) values than other samples with respective lower values of 4.4 ± 2.1–6.5 ± 1.5.2.6 ± 0.6–6.4 ± 2.4), 4.8 ± 0.2–5.2 ± 1.8 and 2.7 ± 0.6–6.3 ± 2.3. Rice mixed with meat sample had significantly highest whiteness (4.5 ± 1.5) and sweetness (7.5 ± 1.9) intensities scores while the control meat only samples had significantly highest oiliness intensity scores (5.0 ± 1.4) compared to other samples. Moreover, the potatoes mixed with meat sample was the most acceptable formulation (7.7 ± 0.3) compared to other samples with aroma, smoothness sweetness, colour and viscosity attributes being the main drivers for consumer liking of complementary porridge samples. The shelf life study revealed that the overall acceptability scores of complementary flour samples decreased progressively with storage days with the longest predicted shelf life of 140 days observed in rice mixed with meat sample followed by potatoes mixed with meat with 48 days and the shortest shelf life of 23.7 days in control samples. Conclusion: This suggests that quelea bird meat could be combined with cereal, tubers, and other minor ingredients like vegetables, optimized using the linear programming technique and extruded into complementary instant flour and porridge for children between the ages of 6 and 23 months with long shelf lives, appealing sensory properties, and consumer acceptance, respectively. Hence, it is advised to use the method and consume the developed formulations.