UDOM IR :: Browsing by Author "Sam, Anael"

Browsing by Author "Sam, Anael"

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Algorithm to identify location of incidents in public buses and respective nearest authority us-ing spherical cosine rule
(IJTEEE, 2013) Hassan, Kilavo; Sam, Anael; Machuve, Dina
Reporting the incidents to authorities in developing countries that can take actions has been a chaotic and slow process. This paper proposes an algorithm for a system that automatically reports events that compromise passengers’ safety to respective authorities by using spherical cosine rule. When an incident such as an accident, over speeding or overloading of passengers occurs the system identifies the closest police station. It does so by calculating the shortest distance between latitudes and longitudes of the place where the event occurred and those of the closest police station. Then it identifies the next police station which the bus will encounter and where the event can be reported and immediate action carried out. The public buses will be equipped with GPS which will generate coordinates and there will be a database which contains the coordinates for the police stations along the main roads.
Assessment of non transmittable codewords enhancement to viterbi algorithm decoding
(LJS Publishing, 2014) Mrutu, Salehe I.; Sam, Anael; Mvungi, Nerey H.
Researchers have shown that practical mobile communication channels introduce errors that are concentrated in a certain locality rather than random errors. These are burst errors caused by deep fading of the wireless channel or a lightning strike. The existing Viterbi Algorithm (VA) capable of correcting random errors is inefficient in correcting burst errors and therefore resulting in unacceptable amount of residual errors. This paper presents an assessment of Non-Transmittable Codewords (NTCs) enhancement technique to VA in decoding the received signals subjected to burst errors that may occur in poor channels. A hard decision, 1/2 rate and constraint length K is equal to 3 Viterbi Algorithm decoding technique, Binary Phase-Shift Keying (BPSK) and Additional White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) are components used in MATLAB software based simulation when assessing the proposed technique. Applying 6NTCs to VA decoder enables the decoder to reduce 83.7 percent of its residual errors. However, the technique reduces the encoder’s data transmission rate from 1/2 to 1/6.
Bandwidth aware FEC algorithms for wireless communication systems
(Academic Hosting & Event Management Solutions, 2013) Mrutu, Salehe I.; Kalolo, Sadath; Byanyuma, Mastidia; Nyakyi, Christina; Sam, Anael
Forward Error Correction (FEC) codes used by receivers to correct transmission errors without retransmission add a considerable amount of redundant bits to data bits. The addition of redundant bits lowers the overall network throughput, thus increasing the demand for more required bandwidth. In this paper we investigate and discuss various techniques used in FEC and show their effects to data communication in terms of bandwidth utilization. Additionally we propose improvement of (2, 1, 2) Convolutional encoder to (3, 2, 3) encoder. The proposed improvements increase the code rate from 1/2 to 2/3 hence reducing error control information and increasing bit rate. The received codeword can be decoded by Soft-Output Viterbi Algorithm.
Cost effective coverage and capacity optimization in wireless cellular networks
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2013) Anatory, Justinian; Kalolo, Sadath; Sam, Anael; Machuve, Dina
Coverage and capacity optimization of the fast growing wireless cellular networks is a tedious task and requires huge investment in network resources. Most techniques for coverage and capacity optimization result into increase in network complexity, radio frequency interferences, capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operational expenses (OPEX). The extensive growth of the wireless cellular industry, high penetration of wireless cellular networks and the need for low cost services to end users coupled with the proliferation of use of multimedia applications demands for other measures to optimize both coverage and capacity in wireless cellular networks. This work presents a cost effective coverage and capacity optimization method for wireless cellular networks that takes into account both CAPEX and OPEX considerations while ensuring guaranteed Quality of Services (QoS) to end users. The method allows incoming traffic overflows into neighbor network to utilize available coverage and capacity in those networks when there are inadequate resources in the home network. Performance evaluation of the formulated method using MATLAB simulations reveals significant improvement of Quality of Services offered to subscribers.
Data mining awareness and readiness in healthcare sector: a case of Tanzania
(Advances in Computer Science: an International Journal, 2014) Diwani, Salim Amour; Sam, Anael
Globally the application of data mining in healthcare is great, because the healthcare sector is rich with tremendous amount of data and data mining becoming very essential. Healthcare sector collect huge amount of data in daily basis. Transferring data into secure electronic systems of medical health will saves lives and reduce the cost of healthcare services as well as early discovery of contiguous diseases with advanced collection of data. This study explore the awareness and readiness to implement data mining technology within healthcare in Tanzania public sector. This study is triangulated adopted online survey using Google doc and offline survey using presentation techniques through different hospital and distributed the questionnaires to the healthcare professionals. The issues explored in the questionnaire included the awareness of data mining technology, the level of understanding of, perception of and readiness to implement data mining technology within healthcare public sector. In this study we will analyze the data using SPSS statistical tool.
Overview applications of data mining In health care: the case study of Arusha region
(IGI Global Publishing House, 2013) Diwani, Salim; Mishol, Suzan; Kayange, Daniel S.; Machuve, Dina; Sam, Anael
Data mining as one of many constituents of health care has been used intensively and extensively in many organizations around the globe as an efficient technique of finding correlations or patterns among dozens of fields in large relational databases to results into more useful health information. In healthcare, data mining is becoming increasingly popular and essential. Data mining applications can greatly benefits all parties involved in health care industry. The huge amounts of data generated by healthcare transactions are too complex and voluminous to be processed and analyzed by traditional methods. Data mining provides the methodology and technology to transform huge amount of data into useful information for decision making. This paper explores data mining applications in healthcare in Arusha region of Tanzania more particularly; it discusses data mining and its applications in major areas such as evaluation of treatment effectiveness, management of healthcare itself and lowering medical costs.
Performance of binary locked convolutional codes with non-transmittable codewords in flat and slow rayleigh-fading channel
(Foundation of Computer Science, 2014) Mrutu, Salehe I.; Sam, Anael; Mvungi, Nerey H.
Communication over wireless media is vulnerable to distortion by noise. Therefore, the application of an error control mechanism is necessary to minimize the Bit Error Rate (BER). It is proposed to use locked binary convolutional code with Non-Transmittable codewords to enhance Viterbi Algorithm decoders; as one of the forward error correction mechanisms. The proposed enhancement empowers Viterbi algorithm decoders to reduce one of its inherent limitations of residual errors due to burst errors. This paper evaluates the performance of the locked (2, 1, 2) binary convolutional code with Non-Transmittable codewords enhancement technique over flat and slow Rayleigh Fading channel using a MATLAB software simulation. Simulation result shows 80.92 percent reduction of residual errors when 6 Non-Transmittable Codewords were applied to Viterbi Algorithm (VA) decoding. On the other hand, the technique lowers the encoder’s data transmission rate from 1/2 to 1/6.
A price based spectrum sharing scheme in wireless cellular networks
(The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE), 2013) Kalolo, Sadath; Sam, Anael; Machuve, Dina; Anatory, Justinian
Radio frequency spectrum scarcity has become a high priority research area over the past few years. The huge increase of network subscribers with multimedia applications coupled with underutilization of radio frequency spectrum motivates the search for other measures to address the scarcity of radio frequency spectrum. This work investigates on a price based spectrum sharing scheme for connection-oriented traffic in wireless cellular networks as a solution to address the scarcity of radio frequency spectrum. Dynamic pricing approach is applied with traffic overflows into neighbor networks. Performance evaluations of the scheme at steady state using MATLAB simulations reveal significant gains to the quality of service. Application of the scheme to highly loaded network traffic improves both network revenue and traffic channel utilizations.
Safety zone determination for wireless cellular tower - a case study from tanzania
(IJRET, 2013) Nyakyi, Christina P.; Mrutu, Salehe I.; Sam, Anael; Anatory, Justinian
Safety zone determination for wireless cellular towers has attracted attention from many researchers in the last decade. This is caused by the rapid growth of the wireless cellular industry which has led to the installation of towers even in the residential areas. There are many reports and ongoing researches regarding the biological and thermal effects of wireless cellular electromagnetic fields exposures to people. Cancer, hyperthermia, neural and behaviour effects of people exposed to these electromagnetic fields have been reported. This motivates the research to determine safety zones from wireless cellular towers to assure safety to those living in the vicinity of these towers. A model for safety zone determination is developed. The model takes the received power at the object, power transmitted by the transmitter and gain of the transmitter as inputs to determine the safe distance from the radiation of a wireless cellular transmitter. The power density received by the object and its geographical location from the radiation source are measured using the selective radiation meter. Transmitted power and the gain of the transmitter together with the height of the tower were obtained from the respective wireless cellular network operator. Based on the geographical location of the object, the distance from the radiation source was calculated using the haversine formula. These inputs are then used to determine the safety zone based on the standards and guidelines developed by WHO and ICNIRP.
Theoretical factors underlying data mining techniques in developing countries: a case of Tanzania
(Advances in Computer Science: an International Journal, 2014) Diwani, Salim Amour; Sam, Anael
Just as the mining of Tanzanite is the process of extracting large block of hard rock's by using sophisticated hard rock mining techniques to find valuable tanzanite glamour, data mining is the process of extracting useful information or knowledge from large un-organized data to enable effective decision making. Although data mining technology is growing rapidly, many IT experts and business consultants may not have a clue about the term. The purpose of this paper is to introduce data mining techniques, tools, a survey of data mining applications, data mining ethics and data mining process.
Trellis analysis of transmission burst errors in viterbi decoding
(IJCSIS PUBLICATION, 2014) Mrutu, Salehe I.; Sam, Anael; Mvungi, Nerey H.
The Viterbi decoder is the most favorable solution to the problem of decoding codewords from a convolutional encoder. Viterbi decoder performs exceptionally well when a received codewords block contains single or multiple and scattered errors in a received codewords block. However, the formation of burst errors in data transmission due to high transmission speed and the widely varying error conditions of wireless media in fading channel creates decoding challenge for such conditions which result in unbearable amount of residual errors. By using Viterbi decoders’ trellis diagrams, this paper analyses the effects of burst errors to the decoder that lead to residual errors and proposes improvement to the encoding and decoding procedures of the existing (2, 1, 2) binary convolutional encoder. The improved version facilitate effectiveness in the decoder (Viterbi algorithm) in decoding burst errors and hence reduction of residual errors in a poor channel. The proposed enhancements improve the decoder’s operational performance by 75 percent. However, the proposed modification reduces the encoder’s data transmission rate from 1/2 to 1/6.

Browsing by Author "Sam, Anael"

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