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    Delivering the millennium development goals to reduce maternal and child mortality; a systematic review of impact evaluation evidence
    (World Bank, Washington, DC., 2016) Tanner, J.; Aguilar Rivera, A. M.; Candland, T. L.; Galdo, V.; Manang, F. E.; Trichler, R. B.; Yamagata, R.
    Improved outcomes for women and children - more education, lower fertility rates, higher nutritional status, and lower incidence of illness, among other outcomes - have broad individual, family, and societal benefits. For nearly 15 years, the targets of the millennium development goals (MDGs) have been a bellwether for progress, particularly for maternal and child health (MCH) - a two-thirds reduction in under-five mortality in MDG 4 and a three-quarters reduction in the maternal mortality ratio in MDG 5. This systematic review by the Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) is a learning exercise that looks beyond World Bank experience. It is intended to be used a reference for practitioners in the Bank and elsewhere with an interest in interventions that have demonstrated attributable improvements in skilled birth attendance and reductions in maternal and child mortality. This review also identifies important gaps in the impact evaluation evidence for interventions that may be effective in reducing maternal and child mortality but whose impacts have not yet been tested using robust impact evaluation methods. The systematic review provides findings on what is known about the effects of interventions on skilled birth attendance, maternal mortality, neonatal mortality, infant mortality, and under-five mortality, as well as the effect of skilled birth attendance on these and other intermediate MCH outcomes. Finally, the review highlights the main gaps in the body of impact evaluation knowledge for maternal and child mortality.
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    Student teachers’ perceptions of the use of LMS for promoting critical thinking in their future teaching career
    (IGI Global, 2019) Mwalongo, Alcuin Ivor
    The chapter examined student teachers’ perceptions of the use of Moodle for promoting critical thinking in their future teaching career. The study used a mixed methods approach with a sample of 70 student teachers from three public universities in Tanzania. Data were collected through a survey, focus group discussions, and a review of documents. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed through SPSS 25 and MaxQDA 18, respectively. The findings indicate the potential of Moodle for promoting critical thinking, collaboration, and professional development. Similarly, there were statistically significant differences between pre-service and in-service teachers in perceptions of satisfaction with Moodle and taking LMS-related jobs in the future. Pedagogical implications of the findings and the area for further research have been discussed.
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    Youth unemployment hysteresis in South Africa
    (The United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), 2021) Msafiri, Mgeni; Maskaeva, Asiya
    This study simulates the macro-micro economic impacts of the employment policy, focusing on hysteresis in youth unemployment in South Africa. Specifically, we apply a dynamic computable general equilibrium model to calibrate the 2015 South African Social Accounting Matrix to estimate, compare, and determine the impact of employment policy on youth unemployment as well as on aggregate economic outcomes. We simulate two scenarios where we reduce the import price of fuel by 20 per cent. Then, the total government savings from the reduced transport subsidy are reallocated to the education sector to support the unemployed youth. The research findings indicate that demand for youth labour increases in the long run, resulting in a decline in the unemployment rate. Moreover, the consumer price index decreased more than nominal income, thereby increasing household purchasing power and, potentially, easing poverty.