Social Sciences

Permanent URI for this community

http://192.168.18.118:4000/handle/20.500.12661/2

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 754

A sociolinguistic analysis of verbal greetings, address forms and paralinguistic behaviours in Kisubi
(Fеdегаl State Institution of Science Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sсiеnсеs, 2021) Ibrahim D. Rwakakindo
This paper analyses the greeting system of Kisubi. It specifically seeks: to identify temporal greeting patterns in Kisubi; to determine whether age and gender do dictate the kind of verbal greetings, address forms and paralinguistic behaviours that are used in particular greeting events; to examine different kinship-specific verbal greetings, address forms and paralinguistic behaviours that are used in particular greeting events; and lastly, to assess the role of context in the Kisubi greeting system. Observation and face-to-face interview methods were used to gather data from 36 participants who were obtained using snowball sampling technique, and afterwards they were stratified into different strata depending on age, gender and educational status of a person. This stratification led to the attainment of authentic data. The obtained data were subjected to content analysis from which different themes emerged. It was established that there are four temporal chunks in Kisubi, each of which is associated with its own greeting term. Age, gender, context and kinship relations also determine the type of greeting terms and the honorifics or deferential terms to use. However, the use of honorifics and/or deferential terms is declining gradually.
Accessibility of infrastructure for students with disabilities on performance and psychology in government secondary schools: a case study of Ilala municipality
(The University of Dodoma, 2017) Bakari, Mohamed Mohamed
This study aimed at assessing the state of accessibility of infrastructures for students with disabilities and how they influence academic performance and psychological responses in government secondary schools. Ilala Municipality being a case study. It was conducted in Benjamin William Mkapa High School, Jangwani and Pugu Secondary Schools in July-August 2017. The study applied both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection, presentation and analysis. Questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussion, participant observation and internet review were preferred. Sampling methods were purposive (quota sampling) for study areas, and interviewee selection. Sample size was obtained by using a research sample size calculator for questionnaire respondents and reaching saturation point for interview respondents. Results have shown that, there is inadequate infrastructures for students with disabilities and those available are not in immaculate condition. Furthermore lack of adequate and quality infrastructures had contributed to bad academic performance to students with disabilities. Bad conditioned and inadequate infrastructural facilities directly contributed to negative psychological responses. From the study findings, it is suggested that Government should rethink on building design that could accommodate the needs of students with disabilities, instead of adopting special education system in schools that were not primarily constructed for students with disabilities the government should at least build one special needs secondary school in every region or zones, it should also provide enough special education personnel and capacity building, teachers seminars on teacher-student relationship and follow up should be a must thing, schools system should take direct measures on infrastructural related things that could smoothen learning environment, health and psychology that are within their range.
Accessibility of institutional support to nonfarm micro manufacturing enterprises in rural Tanzania
(International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 2023-06-08) Gwanyemba, John King; Kilonzo, Rehema
This study contributes to understanding of how the rural nonfarm micro manufacturing enterprises in Tanzania access institutional support for their growth and survival. It aimed at exploring the extent to which rural nonfarm micro manufacturing enterprises access support and approaches that the responsible public institutions are using to provide support for them. A total of 62 micro manufacturing enterprises were sampled for this study. Primary data were collected using questionnaire, semi-structured interview and observation. Secondary data were collected through review of relevant documents and policies. Qualitative data were analysed through content while quantitative data were analysed through SPSS. Results indicate low level of accessibility of institutional support to rural micro manufacturing enterprises from responsible institutions. Furthermore, the study learnt that the responsible institutions are insufficiently providing support which do not reach the rural nonfarm micro manufacturing enterprises. It appears that unintended enterprises are likely receiving support that were primarily targeting rural nonfarm micro manufacturing enterprises. This study established that the responsible support institutions do not use the appropriate that can help them reach a voluminous number of targeted rural nonfarm micro manufacturing enterprises. It is recommended that the responsible support institutions change the approach and make use of participatory that engage more closely the Local Government Authorities.
Accountability as an element of governmentality: An investigation of National and local executive accountability practices in the water sector in Tanzania
(University of Twente, 2017) Katomero, Jesper George
In Africa, and Tanzania in particular, international donors increasingly exert influence on governments to embrace accountability reforms as a pre-condition for receiving bilateral and multilateral development aid. This influence is noticeable in the Washington Consensus ideas about economic development and in concomitant funding programs by the World Bank, International Monitory Fund, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and even Non-Governmental Organisations. This is exemplified by World Bank funded programs to improve public service delivery in Africa through the Water Sector Development Programs, Water Sector Reform Programs and the subsequent Water Policies. In this context, accountability is a key determinant in defining power relations between African countries and their western counterparts. This study sought to answer the research question “how are public officials held to account in Tanzania in the context of water service delivery?” To answer this question, accountability practices in three levels of governance were analysed: national, regional and local, as well as the impact of trans-national arrangements on accountability practices at these levels. The study also examined the potential of enlisting ICT and mobile phone initiatives for enhancing accountability in the water sector. The results indicate that accountability practices in the water service delivery sector in Tanzania can be understood as an interplay of different and often conflicting governmentalities where conflicting rationalities, mentalities and technologies are intertwined. This gives rise to complex and self-contradictory drivers, the result of which is that formal international donor accountability reforms are difficult to implement and can lead to counterproductive results. Thus, holding national and local level public officials to account should not be understood only through the lenses of principal-agent (PA) and collective-action (CA) theory, because these do not capture all drivers and interactions. In practice, the locally understood informal accountability governmentalities compete with the donor-driven formal accountability governmentalities. Only by quitting their roles do donors help give Tanzanian citizens a chance to hold their government accountable. Likewise, only by having a more encompassing, balanced incremental approach to various conflicting governmentalities, the people of Tanzania can start to fight corruption, and maybe introduce other changes that draw on the good elements of governmentality.
Adolescent sexual reproductive health education among secondary school students in Zanzibar: A case of urban west region
(The University of Dodoma, 2017) Bukheti, Hasina Salim
Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health Education is a matter of concern for developed and developing countries due to the fact that most of adolescents suffered from Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH) complications and problems including; teenage pregnancies, Sexual Transmitted Infection (STI’s) including HIV/AIDS, early marriages and unsafe abortion, immoral sex including; homosexuality, sexual violence and unsafe sex are common practices among Zanzibar students. Accordingly, the objectives of the study were to explore students’ knowledge on adolescent sexual reproductive health education, analyze adolescent sexual reproductive health education contents, examine students’ and social perceptions on adolescent sexual reproductive health education and lastly, to identify students’ attitudes towards healthy sexual behaviors. The qualitative methods of data collection and presentation such as focus group discussion and in depth interview were applied. The findings portray that there is inadequate knowledge of reproductive health education among students and teachers. Besides, the findings confirm that students’ Adolescent Sexual Reproductive Health Education (ASRHE) depends on teacher’s knowledge on ASRHE. The content of ASRHE is not well known to teachers and students, most of them confused ASRHE and Life Planning Skills topics. Perception on ASRHE is still debatable among Zanzibar societies. Parents and teachers are still doubting and not aware of what comprised in ASRHE and the approaches used if they are relevant to their norms and values. Attitudes of the students towards healthy sexual behavior are not stable because changing a certain behavior depends on mass of knowledge students have and strategies on how to quit unhealthy sexual behaviour and adopting healthy sexual behaviour. Eventually, the study recommends that the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training and other stakeholders, to offer ASRHE trainings to teachers, students, madras that guarantee availability of skilled facilitators with ability in behavior change. Furthermore, it is essential sensitize parents and society in order to improve cooperation between teachers and parents progressing students healthy sexual behaviours.
Adopting a combination of labour-saving mechanisms for increasing rural women’s participation in livelihood strategies in Busega District in Tanzania
(Brill, 2022-07-22) Ngusa, Deborah A.; Kilonzo, Rehema G.; Ngowi, Edwin E.
The paper aims at examining rural women’s adoption of a combination of labour-saving mechanisms such as improved water supplies and harvesting techniques, cooking facilities and means of transport for household chores with its implications in diversifying livelihood strategies in Busega District of Tanzania. The study adopted Diffusion of Innovations Theory to explain the importance of adopting labour-saving mechanisms to reduce rural women’s workload and save time for diversifying livelihood strategies. The study employed cross-sectional research design to collect data from 210 rural women. Household survey, interviews, focus group discussions and non-participant observations were used to collect primary data. Cross-tabulation, One-way ANOVA, five point Likert scale and multiple logistic regression were employed to analyse quantitative data. Content analysis was employed to analyse qualitative data. The study revealed that, 61.43% of rural women were limited to adopt any kind of labour-saving mechanisms. In addition, the multiple logistic regression revealed significant differences at p-value of 0.05 for the likelihood of diversifying livelihood strategies. As such, rural women’s participation in livelihood strategies differed greatly based on the ability to adopt labour-saving mechanisms for reducing the workload of household chores. The study recommends that development stakeholders should implement development programmes centred on increasing prospects of adopting a combination of labour-saving mechanisms for reducing the burden of household chores to save time for diversifying livelihood strategies.
Agriculture and wildlife conservation Udzungwa-Selous corridor: a case study of Kilombero District, Morogoro
(The University of Dodoma, 2017) Mtega, Betty
This study sought to investigate Agriculture and Wildlife conservation was carried out in Mkula Ward-Kilombero District. It involved four villages namely, Katurukila, Mkula, Sole and Sonjo. The study comprised of one hundred (100) respondents were simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used those respondents from a total population of 408,880 in the study area. The study used interviews and questionnaires for data collection exercise where this data were using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for analysis. Findings the study revealed that agriculture contributes to loss of biodiversity and furnishing of protected areas in Udzungwa-Selous corridor since the majority of villagers of Mkula ward were paddy, sugarcane and maize growers were using the land for other activities apart from agriculture such as construction, settlement and investment. However, some of these activities were of significance for income generation, food generation to sustain their livelihood. Law and by-laws and policies were established to control human-wildlife conflict. However, there were some challenges since these laws were less implemented. Also, the policies were conflicting and also there were no corridor regulations pertaining to Wildlife Conservation Act (WCA) No. 12, 2009. This situation contributed to the destruction of nature reserves due to misuse and over-exploitation hence rapidly diminishing and furnishing of the protected area. The study recommends that in order to create a mutual relationship between agriculture and solve the human-wildlife conflict in Udzungwa-Selous corridor; there should be focused and well-designed strategies to fight against human-wildlife conflict as well as the destruction of natural resources to enhance the relationship between agriculture and wildlife conservation in the study area for sustainable development. This should be achieved through by increasing security, community participation and environmental education to all parties concerned.
An archaeological study of Amboni limestone caves, tanga region in the northern coast of Tanzania
(The University of Dar Es Salaam, 2019) Mandela, P. Ryano
This paper presents the archaeological study undertaken at Amboni limestone caves in the northern coast of Tanzania. The study of the Amboni caves came as a follow up from the extensive archaeological works conducted by Professor Felix Chami and colleagues on the limestone caves of Tanzania offshore islands. The excavations by Chami and colleagues yielded ground-breaking archaeological evidence of the presence on the East African coast of a cultural sequence ranging from Stone Age to the present. This study aimed at establishing the cultural chronology and ascertaining its relationship with that of the islands limestone caves. This study demonstrated the existence of LSA materials, EIW pottery tradition, TIW pottery tradition, and later pottery traditions
Analysis of drivers and agents of deforestation and forest degradation in Masito forests, Kigoma, Tanzania
(Asian Economic and Social Society, 2016) Kessy, John Francis; Nsokko, Edwin; Kaswamila, Abiud; Kimaro, Freddy
A study to assess the direct and indirect drivers and agents of deforestation and forest degradation was carried out in Masito forests in Kigoma Region. Several methodologies were deployed including review of key literature, focused group discussions, household level interviews and review of ?smart phones? database of disturbance incidences in the forests. Results revealed that despite forest protection measures taken by the government and other actors for purposes of REDD+ carbon trade, deforestation and forest degradation are problems that are being experienced in the study area. Evidence of deforestation and degradation were provided through change detection data, forest disturbance incidences and community perception on the drivers of deforestation and degradation. The main drivers of deforestation and degradation were characterized to fall into direct drivers and indirect drivers. The demand for land and forests resources was responsible for a number of direct drivers. Indirect drivers were perceived to entail underlying causes of deforestation and degradation forming a complex interaction of socio-economic, political, cultural and technological variables that cause deforestation and degradation. Characterization of the main agents of deforestation and degradation revealed that human actors in various capacities and functions have served as agents. The assessment of leakage risks revealed that the risk of shifting destructive activities to non-REDD+ project villages was mitigated. In order to address the drivers and sustaining the REDD+, the study recommends the need to address forest tenure; provision of alternatives to the agents of deforestation and degradation, extension support to non-REDD+ villages for capacity building in forest protection; and ensuring that the process of REDD+ piloting is finalized to the level that communities finally sell carbon to get tangible benefits.
Analysis of factors contributing to employee engagement on performance of an organization: a case study of Dodoma municipal council
(The University of Dodoma, 2016) Godfrey, Angela
The main purpose of the study was to analyse factors which contribute to employees engagement in organisation performance, due to the fact that, despite the efforts to engage employee, still employee engagement remains one of the greatest challenge facing many organizations in Tanzania. A case study research design was adopted, the population of study consisted of employee from the department of health, education and human resource. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling methods were used in this study. A Sample size of 130 respondents was selected through simple random sampling and purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews and observation methods. Data analysis was done by using Software Package for Statistical Science (SPSS) version 20. The study findings revealed that remuneration and benefit to a large extent seemed to be a major contributor of employee engagement, followed by other factors. Conversely, factors like unsatisfactory regular meeting, inadequate feedback, insufficient of social events, uninformed organisation objectives and insufficient employee involvement, were revealed to contribute in employee disengagement as it was found to be the need of employees and at the same time these dimensions were not well practiced by the council. The study offers significant recommendations to government, public and private sector on how to promote employees engagement in their organisations, Also employees have been advised to develop themselves without waiting for the organisation to administer a formal learning opportunity.
An analysis of illegal migrants impact on land resources: a case study of Mtwara region, Tanzania
(The University of Dodoma, 2013) Likapite, Joseph H.
This scientific task was conducted in Mtwara Region, with the intent of determining illegal migrants‘ impact on land resources since Tanzania is increasingly and incessantly in receipt of migrants from bordering countries and beyond. Some outsiders unceasingly come in quest of impermanent stay whereas others have advanced lastingly. Even though some have done so in accord with related laws, others have penetrated and inhabited the country without observing the apt legal prerequisites. A model of 180 respondents was used and these were by chance obtained from Southern region of Tanzania. The methods used in data collection are interviews, questionnaire, documentary review and focus group discussion. Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 16 and Analytical tools used were Likert Scale Weighting In this study the theories pertaining to Land Resources were cross tabulated to produce percentage and frequencies of the respondents on performance variable which makes acquainted the reader with paradigms, frameworks and approaches in the field of land resources. The study finds that there was absolutely a total understanding on illegal immigrants in Tanzania but the authorities are horribly rotten and irresponsible and the governmental institutions are profoundly corrupt. The land as fundamentally significant natural resources for the future generation is invaded and grabbed by immigrants without any reaction and legal measures on behalf of Tanzania Government. This situation is also perpendicular to lack of funds and political compliance which contributes to the poor technology, inadequate number of workers and insufficient working equipment. The study also unveils that there is a pathetic safety determination in the country borders, corruption and many absorbent ways which pilot to the invasion of illegal migrants in the Southern Region of Tanzania, Mtwara in particular. The study recommends that so as to guarantee the competence and adequacy in protecting the land resources as rare natural resources from being grabbed by illegal foreigners, thus, there is a need to better the pledge of the authorities more than ever and the government agencies and the inhabitants must vigorously be vigilant on this socio-economical calamity and national disaster for the future generation or children.
Analysis of the challenges and prospects of the implementation of open performance review and appraisal system (OPRAS) in local government authorities: a case of Handeni district council
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Nyello, Adellah O.
This study aimed to analyse the challenges and prospects of the implementation of Open Performance Review and Appraisal system in Handeni District Council. The specific objectives were to determine the level of awareness of OPRAS among employees, to assess the extent to which the council implements OPRAS, to investigate the challenges of the implementation of OPRAS and to determine the some ways to improve the implementation of OPRAS at Handeni District Council. Cross-sectional survey design was employed to undertake the research. The sample of 100 employees as respondents was being selected randomly. Data were collected using interview and documentary review and SPSS version 16 was used in the course of data analysis. The findings revealed that, more than 70% of employees were not aware of OPRAS; this was due to inadequate training to the employees on the tool, poor prioritization, lack of commitment and seriousness of the management on the importance of the tool, poor communication between supervisors and their subordinates, and lack of realistic plan and employees‟ participation. Despite the good intention of the Government to introduce OPRAS to LGAs yet the implementation of the system has been slow and in some cases unsuccessful. The study recommended that, the council should make sure that OPRAS is adapted by employees and the assessment process is carried out accordingly. The central government should ensure the availability of adequate human and financial resources to be able to achieve the intended objectives. Awareness creation is also very important in conscientizing the people to demand service and accountability. This could be achieved if the government and other nongovernmental organizations and other interested groups mout campaign to educate people on the right to access public services in specified time-frame as well as their entitlement to a quality and timeliness service.
Analysis of the dimensions of conflicts between pastoralists and smallholder crop farmers in Mvomero district in Tanzania
(The University of Dodoma, 2017) Mwakimvule, Jane
This research report analyzed the Dimensions of conflicts between farmers and herders in Mvomero district which is found in Morogoro region in Tanzania. The study was extended into exploring the root causes of the conflict, its impact and the effectiveness of the strategies that are used to curb out the conflict in the district. Data were collected from ten villages sampled from four wards in the district. Data were obtained through qualitative procedures, i.e. focus group discussion, face-to-face interviews and observation. A total of 100 informants were sampled using both purposive and random sampling techniques to provide the information needed for the study. The study found that the conflict between farmers and herders still exists in the district. for example, there are still verbal fights and ridicules between the two groups. The conflict between the two groups is fueled by ethnic discriminations, corruption, political interests and lack of awareness among others. The conflict has left consequential effects, including death, destruction of property, killing of animals, socials and psychological effects. The strategies that are used by the government to address the conflict are not effective since the conflict still continues, it was found that the government uses threats, meets some few people instead of the whole population to reconcile; above all, the Government has not been taking precautions to prevent the conflict, rather it makes interventions after the outbreak of the conflict. With these findings, it is concluded that the conflict in Mvomero still exists and the strategies to address it are not yet found. It is, therefore, recommended in this study that the Government should make early interventions to prevent the conflict rather than making post interventions to address the conflict.
An analysis of the impact of media on youth aggressive behaviours in Tanzania, a case study of Temeke municipal council in Dar es salaam
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Sengati, Aisha J.
The study has analyzed the impact of media on youth aggressive behaviours in Tanzania, a case study of Temeke district in Dar es salaam. It focuses on the extent of aggressive behaviours on youth in Tanzania by watching TV, the trend of changing behaviours of the youth by watching TV and the possible ways that can be used to solve the problem. The study used a sample size of ninety people selected on the basis of scientific formula, and the responses saturation points‟ considerations. Data was collected using interviews, questionnaire survey, and documentary review. Quantitative data was analyzed by using SPSS version 16.0 while qualitative data was analyzed through the description methods. The findings show that, seventy percent of the youth spent most of their times (3 to 5 hours) on watching TV. Apart from watching TV, seventy six percent of youth spent the same time participating in sports and exchanging views with friends. Investigating on the TV trends, the findings show that ninety two percent of the Televisions in our country aired the entertainment programmes such as music, soap opera, series and films as well as action movies. Further scrutiny unravels that such programmes have a direct implication on the behavior of youth in the region as underscored by hundred percent of respondents. In view of such findings a few recommendation are put forth to help improve and mitigate the problems: The organ that deals with media Tanzania Communication Regulatory Authority (TCRA) in Tanzania should revisit the policy guiding media programmes such that a more ethical and tradition nurturing programmes be allowed, the destructive ones have to be prohibited in our country. On the other hand children should engage in physical activities during the evenings, they should also go to open spaces to play with friends or spend time reading some educative books/novels thus limit the amount of viewing such destructive programmes.
An analysis of the trends and extent of conflicts between pastoralist and smallholder crop farmers in Kiteto district in Tanzania
(The University of Dodoma, 2016) Fredrick, Labby
This research report describes the extent of the conflict between farmers and herders in Kiteto District which is found in Manyara District in Tanzania; the study is extended into exploring the root causes of the conflict, its impact and the effectiveness of the strategies that are used to curb out the conflict in the District. Data were collected from ten villages sampled from four wards in the District. Data were obtained through qualitative procedures, i.e. focus group discussion, face-to-face interviews and observation. A total of one hundred (100) informants were sampled using both purposive and random sampling techniques to provide the information needed for the study. The study found that the conflict between farmer and herders still exists in the District though in the outward it is seen that the conflict is ended; for example, there are still verbal fights and ridicules between the two groups. The conflict between the two groups is fueled by ethnic discriminations, corruption, political interests and lack of awareness among others. The conflict left consequential effects, including death, destruction of property, killing of animals, socials and psychological effects. The strategies that are used by the government to address the conflict are not effective since the conflict still continues, it was found that the government uses threats, meets some few people instead of the whole population to reconcile; above all, the Government has not been taking precautions to prevent the conflict, rather it makes interventions after the outbreak of the conflict. With these findings, it is concluded that the conflict in Kiteto still exists and the strategies to address it are not yet found. It is, therefore, recommended in this study that the Government should make early interventions to prevent the conflict rather than making post interventions to address the conflict
Analysis of written language on vehicles in Tanzania: a case of Daladala sayings in Mwanza region
(The University of Dodoma, 2017) Mbalizi, Emmanuel
This study is a result of an investigation done in order to do an analysis of written language on vehicles in Tanzania, particularly daladala sayings in Mwanza region. The force behind conducting this study is different attitudes among people in the society towards car inscriptions/slogan. The study employed descriptive research design where data was collected through observation, interview and Focus Group Discusion (FGD). Informants were obtained through simple random sampling technique in sampling exercise. The study was guided by two objectives which are: identification of meaning and theme of daladala sayings and assessing people‟s awareness on the impact of messages delivered by daladala sayings to their societal development. The theoretical and empirical literature were surveyed in order to have a clue of what others have found in relation to the study. Data was analysed by Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) Theory which views language as social practice, meaning that social practices mediated through language and language is used as a form of social action. The analysis employed all three models of the theory which are interpretation, description and explanation. The findings of the study have indicated that the themes of car inscription cut across all spheres of human life which are economic, social, cultural, religion, health, historical and political. The study provides two kinds of recommendations which are recommendation for action and recommendations for further study.
Analytical framework model for capacity needs assessment and strategic capacity development within the local government structure in Tanzania
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2014) Kessy, John F.; Kaswamila, Abiud
This is a methodological paper prepared by senior academicians, researchers and consultants from renowned universities in Tanzania. The paper provides insights as to how best development agents can approach the challenge of capacity needs assessment and development of capacity building programs in the context of the local government structure in Tanzania. The paper is of original nature and is based on author’s accumulated knowledge and practice in conducting capacity assessments and developing capacity building programs in Tanzania. The paper describes what can be considered to be best practices in conducting participatory capacity assessment through consultative processes which involves most of the key actors who would be engaged in implementing proposed interventions. The paper puts forward an analytical model for capacity assessment and program development in the Tanzanian context. The main features of the model can be summarized as participatory capacity assessment, strategic capacity building program development and complementarity through synergy building with like-minded stakeholders. The operational modality for utilizing the model in developing capacity building programs which among other components has monitoring and evaluation aspects is included. It is recommended that practitioners and development agents should test the model in their working environments to realize its potential benefits including program ownership by stakeholders.
Animal names applied to a person in Maasai society.
(John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2022) Sane, Eliakimu
Cultural norms of interactions influence Maasai people to apply animal names to address each other. This article explains that avoidance of personal names of certain categories of people in Maasai influences the use of animal names. In the theoretical framework of Cultural Linguistics, the author analysed information from an ethnographic exploration through observations and interviews with Maasai informants in Tanzania. The article shows that Maasai’s categorization of people and avoidance system make senior members accumulate more animals through the process of selecting animal names to use. The patriarchal cultural beliefs and conceptualizations of domestic animals have implications on how animal names are applied between men and women. Only women married to polygamous men use animal names to address each other. There are some lexical, morphological and semantic differences between men and women’s names to mark gender categorizations.
Anthropogenic activities, land uses, limnology and management of fisheries resources in lake Babati and lake Burunge – Tanzania
(The University of Dodoma, 2018) Katonge, Jackson Henry
This study assessed anthropogenic activities, land uses and limnological characteristics, in relation to fisheries resources of Lake Babati (fresh water) and Burunge (soda water). Six villages were also involved, namely Majengo, Singe and Bagara adjacent to Lake Babati and Mwada, Sangaiwe and Vilima Vitatu adjacent to Lake Burunge. Data were collected by using questionnaire surveys, key informant interviews, observation, GIS and RS and Laboratory analysis. Findings have indicated encroachment, overfishing, soil erosion and siltation as major anthropogenic impacts. In Lake Babati, residence and cultivation increased by (44.8%, 12.6%), (28%, 18.1%) and (2%, 11.7%) while grazing decreased by 8%, 38.4% and 11% for Majengo, Singe and Bagara villages beween 2000 and 2017 respectively. As for Lake Burunge, residence and cultivation increased by (30%, 23.5%), (30%, 29.3.1%) and (10%, 53 %), while grazing decreased by 29.1%, and 24.2 % for Mwada, Sangaiwe and Vilima Vitatu villages beween 2000 and 2017, respectively. Physicochemical parameters were almost the same except salinity, conductivity, pH and turbidity which differed (17.4, 28.8 ‰), (37.6, 55 μS/cm), (7.5, 9.54) and (46, 3.1 cm) in Lake Babati and Burunge, respectively. Pollution was evidently due to the existance of phytoplankton blooms. Phytoplanktons were represented by Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Dictyochophyceae whereas, zooplankton were represented by Cyclopoda, Rotifera, Ciliata and Holizoa. There was a significant difference in the number of plankton cells between Lakes being higher for the dry season than the wet. Fish species; Oreochromis amphimelas, Macrobrachiunus caradina were restricted to dry season; Oleochronmis esculentus Clarias gariepinus, Rhabdalestes leleupi and Petersius tangensis in wet season and Clarias gariepinus and Oleochronmis esculentus occurred in both wet and dry season. Variation in plankton composition, abundance and diversity in different seasons which implied that, the influence of season was important in the management of water quality, plankton and fish production. Therefore, the study recommends local communities and stakeholders involvement in Lakes management, establishment of adequate buffer zones, promotion of income generating activities such as beekeeping, aquaculture and horticulture for sustainability of fishery resources. Finally, the study proposes Fisheries and Water Quality Management framework for implementation and operation.
Application of capacity building approach for socio-economic development: a case of Morogoro municipality
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Amsabi, Jeremiah
The study examined the application of capacity building approach for socio-economic development in Morogoro municipality. The study focused on identifying the forms of capacities built up by development stakeholders, the contribution of capacity building approach in socio economic development and to understand the impediments of capacity building. The study employed a total number of 40 sample size. Primary data and secondary data were used in this study. Data were collected using interviews, questionnaire, observation and documentary review. Quantitative data were analyzed by using SPSS while qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. The study found that there were different types of training programmes conducted by AICAD for the benefit of the needy in those areas of activities such as cultivation, entrepreneurship, livestock keeping and vocational training (agri products value addition, storage, packaging). These kinds of training programmes have been of immense impacts on trainees to develop skills required for improvement in their area of activities. The beneficiaries of trainings were able to acquire different skills for economic development. It was also found that there are some impediments in making use of the skills acquired by the trainees. Development stakeholders including NGOs should make sure that people are involved fully and participating in various capacity building programmes which in turn may help the trainees to have sustainable development programmes to reduce poverty particularly at family level and in general at national level.

Browse

Browsing Social Sciences by Title

Results Per Page

Sort Options