Pre-treatment of high free fatty acids oils by chemical re-esterification for biodiesel production—a review
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Date
2013
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Scientific Research
Abstract
Non edible oil sources have the potential to lower the cost of biodiesel. However, they usually contain significant high amounts of free fatty acids (FFA) that make them inadequate for direct base catalyzed transesterification reaction (where the FFA content should be lower than 3%). The present work reviews chemical re-esterification as a possible method for the pre-treatment of high FFA feedstock for biodiesel production. The effects of temperature, amount of glycerol, type and amount of catalyst have been discussed. Chemical re-esterification lowers FFA to acceptable levels for transesterification at the same time utilizing the glycerol by product from the same process. Further researches have been proposed as a way forward to improve the process kinetics and optimization so as to make it more economical.
Description
Full Text Article. Also available at: http://www.scirp.org/journal/aces
Keywords
Re-esterification, Chemical re-esterification, Free fatty acid, High free fatty acid, FFA, High FFA, Glycerolysis, Biodiesel, Biodiesel feedstock
Citation
Kombe, G. G., Temu, A. K., Rajabu, H. M., Mrema, G. D., Kansedo, J., & Lee, K. T. (2013). Pre-treatment of high free fatty acids oils by chemical re-esterification for biodiesel production—a review. Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 2013.