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A comparative analysis of the application of seasonal ARIMA and exponential smoothing methods in short run forecasting tourist arrivals in Tanzania
(IISTE, 2017) Lwesya, Francis; Kibambila, Vicent
This paper compared the performance of two forecasting models (Seasonal ARIMA and Exponential smoothing) in an attempt to identify the model that fits properly in forecasting tourist arrivals in a dynamic tourism industry in Tanzania. A two-staged approach to forecasting was carried out using monthly data for the period of 2000 to 2009. The models were assessed in similarly structured setting at the outset, and then best models identified at this level were compared in a differently structured setting. The results show that Seasonal ARIMA(4,1,4)(3,1,4)12 and Holt-Winters multiplicative smoothing method are effective in forecasting tourist arrivals in Tanzania in a similarly structured setting. However, when the two models were compared under different structures, the performance of Holt-Winters multiplicative smoothing method outstripped that of Seasonal ARIMA(4,1,4)(3,1,4)12. This suggests that Holt-Winters multiplicative smoothing method with Alpha (0.01), Delta (0.11) and Gamma (0.11) is more effective in forecasting tourist arrivals in Tanzania in the short run and it can be used to aid planning processes in the tourism industry. Moreover, the seasonality pattern that characterizes tourist arrivals in Tanzania highlights the need to promote more of local tourism so as to lessen the negative impacts associated with it.
A comparative analysis of the determinants of income and non-income poverty approaches in Tanzania.
(2023) Kimambo, Glory V.
This study examines poverty in Tanzania through both income-based and non-income-based approaches. The aim is to provide a comprehensive analysis that can inform poverty alleviation strategies and policy-making in Tanzania. Specifically, the study focused on the estimate and compares income and non-income poverty in Tanzania, decomposing and compares income and non-income household deprivation level across social group in Tanzania and to estimate the determinant of income and non-income poverty in Tanzania. The study employed a longitudinal research design where by quantitative research approach adopted. The study used secondary data obtained from Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) that are Household and Budget Survey (HBS) data of 2017/18 to calculate multidimensional poverty index of Tanzania that include non-income variable and headcount ratio on income variable. The collected data analyzed using descriptive statistics method and binary logistic regressions. The descriptive statistics involved Foster-Greer-Thornback (FGT) method in measuring income poverty and Alkire-Foster method that included three global dimensions in measuring non income poverty. Binary logistic regressions used to estimate of determinants of income and non-income poverty at household level in Tanzania. The findings revealed that Tanzania headcount ratios for 2017/18 was 26.4%, poverty intensity of stood 2.1% and overall Tanzania MPI estimated at 34.04% and intensity deprivation was 43.75% mean while majority of Tanzania are deprived on nutrition and cooking fuel by 77.45% and 76.12% respective which means they used wood and dung as main source of cooking fuel. Moreover, the study found that, in multidimensional poverty, household head size, the household head's educational level, the marital status of the household head, t, gender of household head, and household asset were statistically significant influences on deprivation level, while in income poverty, household size, household head education, and location of household head were only statistically significant influences on deprivation level. Therefore, study recommends that government should use both methods to measure poverty status and on reducing poverty since both measures can be complement to each other simply MPI gives more details of poverty based on dimension and indicators.
A perceived usefulness of entrepreneurship education as a marketing model for students’ choice of universities: Does the electronic word of mouth matter?
(Emerald, 2024-02-02) Ismail, Ismail J.
Purpose The current research aims at investigating the mediating effect of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on the link between entrepreneurial education and choice of the university among students. The main focus of this paper is that when entrepreneurial education is properly implemented at universities, it leads to several positive outcomes such as positive eWOM. Therefore, if the entrepreneurial education is used as a marketing model, it can be considered as the innovative model for attracting more students. By implementing this model, the university can enhance its approach to cultivating a positive image, potentially leading to increased student enrollments. Design/methodology/approach The study used a sample of 483 undergraduate students in different universities. As well, it used a structured questionnaire during the data collection. Additionally, the study used partial least squares (PLS-SEM) in analyzing direct and indirect relationships. Findings The findings of this study suggest that entrepreneurial education and eWOM are critical factors for student selection to the universities. This is because eWOM significant mediates the link between entrepreneurial education and university choice. Research limitations/implications This study used cross-sectional design. Therefore, future research can use a longitudinal design in examining the link between independent and dependent variables so as to look into the changes over time. Practical implications The study presents potential strategies that universities can employ to market their programs more effectively. By strengthening their entrepreneurial education initiatives, universities can enhance their reputation and create positive eWOM, which can lead to higher enrollments. Originality/value This study offers innovative marketing approaches for universities and their programs. Instead of heavily investing in advertising, the study suggests that strengthening entrepreneurial education initiatives can be a more effective marketing strategy. The findings suggest that a positive reputation generated by strong entrepreneurial education initiatives can lead to positive eWOM, which, in turn, influences university selection. Therefore, universities can consider enhancing their entrepreneurial education offerings to attract more prospective students. The study also highlights the notion that quality speaks for itself, while a lack of quality requires advertising
A perceived usefulness of entrepreneurship education as a marketing model for students’ choice of universities: Does the electronic word of mouth matter?
(Emerald, 2024) Ismail, Ismail J
The current research aims at investigating the mediating effect of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on the link between entrepreneurial education and choice of the university among students. The main focus of this paper is that when entrepreneurial education is properly-implemented at universities, it leads to several positive outcomes such as positive eWOM. Therefore, if the entrepreneurial education is used as a marketing model, it can be considered as the innovative model for attracting more students. By implementing this model, the university can enhance its approach to cultivating a positive image, potentially leading to increased student enrollments.
A review of the forms, rationale, and challenges of supplier development in public procurement: lessons for public buyers in Tanzania
(The Future University, 2021) Changalima, I. A.; Ismail, I. J.; Mchopa, A. D
This article synthesizes current insights into supplier management practices that professional buyers can apply in the public procurement context. Specifcally, it discusses the practices, rationale, and challenges associated with implementing supplier development as an important activity within supplier management practices. Drawing from the literature, the main arguments are on the applicability of indirect supplier development practices in the public procurement context. Therefore, it is concluded that public buyers can consider applying these practices in public organizations. However, caution should be exercised regarding the legal and regulatory structure that governs the country’s public procurement system. It further recommends empirical studies to be done on supplier development practices for local suppliers in specifc public procurement projects.
A Study of the nature of morpho-syntactic errors in Tanzanian English language classrooms
(The University of Dodoma, 2013) Sebonde, Rafiki Yohana; Biseko, John Misana
This paper is designed to examine issues related to the nature of morpho-syntactic errors among secondary school students in Tanzanian English Language Classrooms particularly in the Dodoma region. Documentation was a research technique used to collect written morpho-syntactic errors from students’ exercise books while classroom observation technique was employed to collect data related to spoken students’ morpho-syntactic errors. The study revealed seven morpho-syntactic errors among the students including: errors related to wrong use of verbs, subordination and coordination errors, pronoun errors, preposition errors, double subject marking errors, determiner errors and plural formation errors.
A theoretical framework for simulating systemic risk and its application to analysis of the banking system
(Informa UK Limited, 2021) Keregero, Chirongo M.; David McMillan
Risk of basic defaults and contagious defaults are two main sources of bank systemic risk. In this paper, a theoretical framework is proposed to classify the time evolution of the basic defaults and contagious defaults using sequences of daily financial data. The new theoretical framework combines an existing asset value estimation algorithm and obligation clearing algorithm to calculate the time evolution of systemic risk. The asset value estimation algorithm is used to estimate the asset values of the banks each day and the obligation clearing algorithm is used to calculate systemic risk given the tuples of data each day. This framework is applied to assess the systemic risk of the Nigerian banking system between 2008 and 2014 when the economy was hit by the financial meltdown. The main findings depict that the risk of the basic defaults was high during this period while contagious default seldom appeared. It is also found that the Nigerian banking system was more stable in 2010 and 2012 than in other years, while it was seriously unstable in 2008, 2011, and 2014. The findings would assist in monitoring systemic risk in the Nigerian banking system.
Access to financial and non-financial services on performance of small and medium sunflower oil processing firms in Tanzania: the role of internal factors
(The University of Dodoma, 2020) Maganga, Maria
This study aim to assess the influence of access to financial and non-financial services on performance of Small and Medium Sunflower oil processing firms in Dodoma City: when mediated with internal factors. Specifically, this study guided by four specific objectives which were, to determine the influence of financial services on performance of Small and Medium Sunflower oil Processing firms, to determine the influence of non-financial services on performance of Small and Medium Sunflower oil Processing firms, to analyze the influence of financial services when mediated with internal factors on performance of Small and Medium Sunflower oil Processing firms and to analyze the influence of non-financial services when mediated with internal factors on performance of Small and Medium Sunflower oil Processing firms. The sample size of 178 of Small and Medium Sunflower oil processing firms were employed whereby Probability and non-probability techniques employed to get sample. Regression and structural equation modelling were employed to analyses data. The findings of the study indicated that, the loan access has significant influence on the performance of small and medium sunflower oil processing firms. Capacity building has significant contribution to the performance of small and medium sunflower oil processing firms. Networking is also only a significant non-financial contributing variable to the profit performance (P-value =0.043), whereby, Branding and entrepreneurship traits have a significant contribution to the performance of small and medium sunflower oil processing firms (P-values = 0.04) and (P-value =0.016) respectively. The study recommends that, the Government and different institutions financial and non-financial should intervene in ensuring that the Small and medium sunflower processing firms are provided with loans and grants. Financial institutions should scale up education to the firm's owners and the community at large to understand the opportunity available in Sunflower production and how they can access loans to develop their business.
Access to financial services to people in rural areas: a case of Kilindi district in Tanga region
(The University of Dodoma, 2014) Mtili, Ephron Mntambo
This study aimed at assessing people's access to financial services in rural remote areas in Tanzania by taking Kilindi district as a case study. The study specifically focused on the performance of financial services in rural areas; determining the factors affecting rural people to have access to formal financial services and the risks that rural people face through using informal financial service providers. The study adopted cross sectional design so as to get the desired data. Respondents such as rural households from the selected wards in the district were randomly selected, while Ward Executive Officers, Bank Officers and District Community Development Officers were purposively selected. Data were collected using the survey method where interviews were conducted to 110 households and 15 leaders from the group of informal financial service providers using structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS where likert scale was used to analyze the criteria. The study found that formal financial service providers did not penetrate well in the rural areas, and if they were available to the nearby rural households, the service were not convincing to have access due to the complicated bank regulations, Bank terms and foreign language that is used in documentation . Based on the evidence on inefficiency of informal financial services, the study recommends that the government should impose policy to subsidize the commercial banks which serve rural people, hence leading to great expansion of formal financial services in the rural areas. Likewise, informal financial services should not be isolated, but need to be empowered in terms of capacity building and financial support as well as regular supervision from the Bank of Tanzania (BOT).
Accessibility of microcredit for livelihood improvement of the rural women living with HIV/AIDS: a case study from Kongwa district - Dodoma
(The University of Dodoma, 2011) Kiswaga, Neema
This study assessed how rural women living with HIV/AIDS access microcredit for livelihood improvements. The study examined whether rural women living with HIV/AIDS have accesses to microcredit and the mode used by credit providers to provide microcredit, also focused on the challenges faced by women living with HIV/AIDS when accessing microcredit and the socio-economic benefits of microcredit. The study was approached using multiple embedded case study design, where six women living with HIV/AIDS were interviewed. Three women have accessed microcredit and the other three have not, but all of them were engaging in small business activities. An interview guide and checklist was used for data collection. Based on the analytical strategy, it was found out that, accessibility of microcredit among other factors depends on the ability of a person to run a profitable business and be able to repay the loan. For HIV/AIDS positive women who were able to run profitable business and repay the loan stands the same chance of accessing microcredit like any other women. However, extreme poverty associated with HIV/AIDS limits the chances for HIV positive women to access microcredit. Improved socio economic status was revealed by those women who have accessed microcredit. The uncovered impacts are mostly related to personal and family issues, on account to improved food security, ability to pay children school fees, improved health status, having a say in household decision making as well as reduced stigma and discrimination. The study recommends that, credit providers should find means to reduce interest rate, extend the time for loans repayments and develop products that target rural self-employed women especially those living with HIV/AIDS. The government on the other hand should persuade the credit providers to reduce interest rate, establish microcredit schemes to support women living with HIV/AIDS and find ways of providing financial assistance to the poorest of the poor including HIV suffers and those living below the extreme poverty line, with no means of income, whether it is skill or asset.
Accounting for environmental resources in Tanzania
(2022) Bilame, Odass
This paper has gone a long way to shedding light on how Tanzania accounts for environmental/natural resources destruction in the calculation of the national income or GDP with a view to avoiding an ecological/biodiversity bankruptcy and in so doing attaining greener economic growth. Green growth is nothing more than growth that improves the welfare of both current and future generations and that acknowledges the social costs and benefits of growth and its distributional implications in both the short and the long run. To say the least, Tanzania has not been taking into account environmental/natural resource destruction in the calculation of the national income. Economic growth that has been sustained by Tanzania has not been green growth, since it has been attained at the expense of environment/natural resources destruction, for which, no deductions of the cost to the environmental resources have not been made. Failure to account properly for the natural resource destruction that occurs in the process of national income generation makes the GNP unrealistic. Under such a scenario where omissions of environmental destruction in the calculation of the national income make the country an ecological bankrupt, even if its GDP may be rising is unrealistic.
Accounting for environmental resources in Tanzania: A theoretical review
(IARIW-TNBS, 2022) Bilame, Odass
This paper has gone a long way to shedding light on how Tanzania accounts for environmental/natural resources destruction in the calculation of the national income or GDP with a view to avoiding an ecological/biodiversity bankruptcy and in so doing attaining greener economic growth. Green growth is nothing more than growth that improves the welfare of both current and future generations and that acknowledges the social costs and benefits of growth and its distributional implications in both the short and the long run. To say the least, Tanzania has not been taking into account environmental/natural resource destruction in the calculation of the national income. Economic growth that has been sustained by Tanzania has not been green growth, since it has been attained at the expense of environment/natural resources destruction, for which, no deductions of the cost to the environmental resources have not been made. Failure to account properly for the natural resource destruction that occurs in the process of national income generation makes the GNP unrealistic. Under such a scenario where omissions of environmental destruction in the calculation of the national income make the country an ecological bankrupt, even if its GDP may be rising is unrealistic
Adoption and impact of improved post-harvest storage technologies in Tanzania: the case of Kongwa and Gairo districts
(The University of Dodoma, 2018) Ramadhani, Mwajuma Ndugu
This study was intended to determine the adoption and impact of the improved post-harvest maize storage technologies in Kongwa and Gairo districts, Tanzania. To achieve this objective, the study pursued three specific objectives which are; to analyze factors that contributes to the adoption of improved maize storage technologies to the smallholder farmers; to determine the impact of the adoption of the improved maize storage technologies to the farmers and to examines the roles of gender in the decision to adopt the improved maize storage technologies. The descriptive survey research design was used and both primary and secondary data were captured. The study had a sample size of 188 maize farmers from the study area. The Double hurdle model was employed to determine the factors contributing to the adoption of improved post-harvest maize storage technologies while tobit model was used to determine the impact of the adoption of improved post-harvest maize storage technologies. The study revealed that the adoption of the improved maize storage technology in the study area, are influenced by the socio-demographic profile of the farmers, level of education of the farmers, cost of technology as well as the training which farmers have been participated . Also, some factors in socio demographic profile of the farmers as well in the training have no significant effect on the level of adoption of the technology. Also, the adoption of the improved maize storage has an impact on food security and farmer’s income and well-being and no significant difference between the adopter and non-adopter on selling maize. The study recommends that to increase the number of extension officers, revisit agricultural policies and programs, to improve informal loans systems and empowering women by providing training on self-actualization.
Adoption discrepancies Of activity-based costing among the manufacturing Smes In the developed and developing countries: empirical literature review
(International Journal Publishing House, 2020) Molela, Godfrey F.; Ismail, Ismail J.
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) constitute a very valuable component of economic enhancement framework that contributes significantly to countries’ GDP in the world. The financial performance of these enterprises have inarguably become of paramount importance for their survival and growth. Adopting the activity-based costing (ABC) system is among the strategic moves that SMEs are urged to take, in order to reduce their operational costs and boosting the profit at the same time. Nevertheless, the rates of adoption were reported in the previous studies to be low in both the developed and developing countries. This study assessed the effect of individual factors that caused the adoption discrepancies in the two geographical environments. The use of two-sample test statistic on analyzing the mean score data from twenty (20) empirical studies revealed that, there were no significant differences imposed by the system advantage, complexity, compatibility, knowledge, management support, implementation cost and perception on SMEs’ decisions to adopt the ABC system, in both the developed and developing countries.
Adoption discrepancies of activity-based costing among the manufacturing SMEs in the developed and developing countries: empirical literature review
(International Journal Publishing House, 2020) Ismail, I. J.; Molela, G. F.
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) constitute a very valuable component of economic enhancement framework that contributes significantly to countries’ GDP in the world. The financial performance of these enterprises have inarguably become of paramount importance for their survival and growth. Adopting the activity-based costing (ABC) system is among the strategic moves that SMEs are urged to take, in order to reduce their operational costs and boosting the profit at the same time. Nevertheless, the rates of adoption were reported in the previous studies to be low in both the developed and developing countries. This study assessed the effect of individual factors that caused the adoption discrepancies in the two geographical environments. The use of two-sample test statistic on analyzing the mean score data from twenty (20) empirical studies revealed that, there were no significant differences imposed by the system advantage, complexity, compatibility, knowledge, management support, implementation cost and perception on SMEs’ decisions to adopt the ABC system, in both the developed and developing countries.
Agri-food value chains upgrading strategies choices: A participatory smallholder farmer centred approach
(Trans-SEC, 2015) Mwinuka, Lutengano; Mutabazi, Khamaldin Daud; Graef, Frieder; Maeda, Claude; Makoko, Bashir; Swai, Elirehema
Participatory situation analysis of existing food value chains (FVCs) has been done by screening and identifying most important commodity FVCs in the target Case Study Sites (CSS). This helps identifying constraints and potential food securing upgrading strategies, and linking food insecure households to the market. The upgrading strategies selected would then be adapted to the local needs of food insecure households for sustainably improve their livelihoods.
Agriculture supply chain challenges and smallholder maize farmers’ market participation decisions in Tanzania
(The Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), 2022) Changalima, I. A.; Ismail, I. J.
This paper analyses the supply chain-related challenges affecting smallholder maize farmers’ market participation decisions in Tanzania. The research design adopted for this study was cross sectional in nature. The data was gathered from 633 smallholder maize farmers from six villages in Dodoma, Tanzania, using structured questionnaires, and the results were analysed using a probit model. Findings revealed that all supply chain-related challenges were significantly related to market participation decisions. Specifically, nine supply chain-related challenges were discovered to have a positive relationship with a decision that smallholder maize farmers make on market participation, including transportation facilities, road conditions, market prices, access to market information, quality of maize, access to inputs, storage facilities, household size, and farm size, while two challenges, market distance and transportation costs, were found to have a negative relationship. Based on this, it was concluded that agriculture supply chain challenges affect market participation decisions of smallholder maize farmers in Tanzania. Therefore, agriculture supply chain-related challenges need to be controlled to enhance the market participation of smallholder maize farmers for them to realise the participation benefits.
An assessment of over-indebtedness among microfinance institutions’ borrowers: the Tanzanian perspective
(Informa UK Limited, 2021-01-01) Kasoga, Pendo Shukrani; Tegambwage, Amani Gration; Tamer Elshandidy
The introduction of microfinance institutions is viewed as the best alter native source of financial services for low-income earners as a means to raise their income and reduce poverty. However, empirical research has indicated that the majority of microfinance institutions’ borrowers are over-indebted. Over indebtedness has negative consequences for debtors, creditors, and for the economy as a whole. Since over-indebtedness is a context-specific phenomenon, it lacks universally accepted indicators. This study aims to validate indicators of over indebtedness and examine the situation of over-indebtedness among micro borrowers in the context of Tanzania. A survey of 535 micro-borrowers was con ducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive, thematic, and logistic regression techniques were employed for data analysis. Findings show that debt-to income ratio, multiple borrowing, and delinquency have a positive and significant effect on over-indebtedness. Further, findings indicate that over-indebted micro borrowers in Tanzania spend 75% or more of monthly income on servicing debts; are in the state of delinquency; are unable to meet basic needs due to loan repayment expenditure, have three or more credit commitments, and are in delin quency. To reduce over-indebtedness and hence poverty among micro-borrowers,
Analysis of incentives and disincentives for cotton in the United Republic of Tanzania
(FAO, 2013) Mwinuka, Lutengano; Maro, F.
This technical note isaproduct of the Monitoring African Food and Agricultural Policies project (MAFAP).It is a technical document intended primarily for internal use as background for the eventual MAFAP Country Report. This technical note may be updated as new data becomes available. MAFAP is implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in collaboration with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and national partners in participating countries. It is financially supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and FAO.The analysis presented in this document is the result of the partnerships established in the context of theMAFAP project with governments of participating countries and a variety of national institutions.
Analysis into the factors influencing the level of small scale household farmers’ off-farm income amongst the grape farmers in Dodoma Tanzania
(Medha Innovation & Development (M.I.D), 2014) Christopher, Lema Nicodemas
The grant aim of this study was to assess the various factors that determine the level of small scale household farmers’ off farm income amongst grape farmers in Dodoma. The study applied the Tobit econometric technique in investigating the factors that may explain the households’ decision on whether or not to participate in various off-farm income generating activities, using household data collected from grape farmers in Dodoma. Due to its failure in specification tests, the study employed the use of Censored Least Absolute Deviation estimator (CLAD) which is robust to heteroscedasticity and nonmorality specification problems facing the normal maximum likelihood estimations such as that of Tobit. The results indicated that the level of income amongst small scale households’ farmers from various off-farm income generating activities is significantly influenced by asset endowments where by financial assets, human capital assets and physical assets are the main assets influencing the decision where by human capital assets were the main determinants. The study went further into proposing policy interventions which includes awareness campaign for off-farm work, revisiting land ownership policies, provision of loans to farmers, availability of sustainable markets, effective implementation of Kilimo Kwanza policy and improved rural infrastructure.

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