Master Dissertations

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Effectiveness of managing financial risks in social security institutions in Tanzania: A case study of local authorities pensions fund (LAPF) Dodoma.
(The University of Dodoma, 2010) Mungure, Daniel
This study focuses on the effectiveness of managing financial risks in social security institutions using a case of Local Authorities Pensions Fund (LAPF). The objectives of the study were to identify the financial risks available in LAPF operations, identify measures taken by LAPF to combat financial risks and examine the effectiveness of the existing measures being taken by LAPF in managing the financial risks. Structured interviews, questionnaires and observation were used to obtain the primary data and various documents were reviewed to gather secondary data. The data gathered were analysed by using SPSS computer program. Study findings show that, there are different financial risks facing LAPF including liquidity credit, operational, compliance, litigation, information technology security, political, market risks, and others. Furthermore, the study revealed that, the presence of these financial risks at LAPF means that the fund is vulnerable to encounter more problems like liquidity problems, loss of investment return, political influence, fraud and liability problems. The findings further show that, LAPF has established risk management framework in 2008 but it is not fully implemented. It was concluded that, the availability of these financial risks in social security institutions impede their operations and sustainability. In order to get rid of these financial risks and ensure sustainability of the social security institution, it is recommended that, a fully fledged independent risk management unit should be established, in addition, LAPF should establish risk management policy, training staff on key risk indicators, control market risk by diversification, effective audit, use of derivatives for hedging purposes, and carrying out frequent performance analysis. In the same vein, the government should regulate social security institutions in the country to make sure that, their operations are safe and sustainable.
Accessibility of microcredit for livelihood improvement of the rural women living with HIV/AIDS: a case study from Kongwa district - Dodoma
(The University of Dodoma, 2011) Kiswaga, Neema
This study assessed how rural women living with HIV/AIDS access microcredit for livelihood improvements. The study examined whether rural women living with HIV/AIDS have accesses to microcredit and the mode used by credit providers to provide microcredit, also focused on the challenges faced by women living with HIV/AIDS when accessing microcredit and the socio-economic benefits of microcredit. The study was approached using multiple embedded case study design, where six women living with HIV/AIDS were interviewed. Three women have accessed microcredit and the other three have not, but all of them were engaging in small business activities. An interview guide and checklist was used for data collection. Based on the analytical strategy, it was found out that, accessibility of microcredit among other factors depends on the ability of a person to run a profitable business and be able to repay the loan. For HIV/AIDS positive women who were able to run profitable business and repay the loan stands the same chance of accessing microcredit like any other women. However, extreme poverty associated with HIV/AIDS limits the chances for HIV positive women to access microcredit. Improved socio economic status was revealed by those women who have accessed microcredit. The uncovered impacts are mostly related to personal and family issues, on account to improved food security, ability to pay children school fees, improved health status, having a say in household decision making as well as reduced stigma and discrimination. The study recommends that, credit providers should find means to reduce interest rate, extend the time for loans repayments and develop products that target rural self-employed women especially those living with HIV/AIDS. The government on the other hand should persuade the credit providers to reduce interest rate, establish microcredit schemes to support women living with HIV/AIDS and find ways of providing financial assistance to the poorest of the poor including HIV suffers and those living below the extreme poverty line, with no means of income, whether it is skill or asset.
An assessment of challenges facing pay as you earns tax payers in Tanzania: A case study of SUMATRA, Dar es salaam
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Kaduma, Faraji
The aim of this study was to assess the challenges facing PAYE tax payers taking SUMATRA Dar Es Salaam as a case study. The specific objectives of this study were to assess the administration of PAYE tax, the extent of tax burden and measures to improve payment of PAYE tax. This study employed a triangulation of approaches such as case study and cross sectional design. A total of 48 respondents -workers were randomly sampled to get data on the problem. Data collection was done through interview where structured questionnaires were used. The pre testing was done before embarking on a comprehensive data collection. The results were analyzed through the use of SPSS -15 and then outputs have been presented in terms of frequency tables and figures or charts. The study found that administration of PAYE depended on the salary scale, tenure and position. The PAYE had significant burden among staff since it impeded their ability to deliver service morally, consume variety of food bundles and saving as well. This study has found that PAYE has an impact to employees if is not well planned and hence it is recommended that serious initiatives should be taken into account to reduce the rate and monitor moral hazard existing in tax management.
Factors influencing the achievement of value for money compliance in public procurement
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Emmanuel, Isaya
The objective of the study was to determine the factors that influence the achievement of Value for Money Procurement at Dodoma Municipality. Various methods of data collection including, questionnaire, interview, documentary review and focus group discussion were employed, a case study design was adopted as to get a deep insight of the study that was at hand. The study revealed various factors that influence the achievement of value for money as it includes; poor post contract management, lack of transparency and honesty in awarding tenders, political influence, inadequate specification of requirements, legal framework governing procurement as well as the shortage of procurement professionals to execute the procurement contracts. With regard to the findings reached, the researcher recommends the Municipality to do the following: - ethics and professional standards be observed by the practitioner in procurement, separation of duties, i.e. the functioning of the Accounting Officer, PMU, TB, Evaluation committee and user department should be independent, enhance collaborative procurement on common use items, committee for developing specifications be well staffed, enhance openness and transparency in all matters with regard to procurement.
Assessment of the impacts of personal loan on poverty alleviation: a case of capital development authority employees
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Kallomo, Charles N.
This study assessed the impacts of personal loans on livelihoods of workers, in particular Capital Development Authority workers. The study assessed the socio-economic, legal environments and policies, as far as personal loans are concerned in an attempt to raise the life standard/economic well-being of a worker and his/her dependants. In its execution, the study employed qualitative approach through structured interviews and questionnaires to enable the collection of information needed for the assessment of the impact of personal loans on poverty alleviation. Data on impact of loans were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).Descriptive analysis like frequency and percentage were the main techniques The findings of this study revealed that the personal loans as an intervention tool towards achieving economic well-being have both positive and negative impacts in poverty alleviation. While it was expected for loans to increase the workers‘ ability to do potential and profitable investment opportunities through the loans they take; the study found that majority of the respondents tended to use the loans for consumptions. There is no prudence in borrowing, workers take more debts just because loans are freely available with cheap interests, and hence the management of finance becomes a problem. Savings has become impossible, budgeting and planning a far dream. The vulnerability of respondents to life shocks and risks has increased and they live impoverished life than before. Further, the finding revealed that diversion of loans proceed is normal. There is neither follow up nor supervision by the financial institutions which offer the loans. Youth and educated workers have shown a tendency of purchasing nonproductive assets that create a somewhat artificial material well-being. However, Respondents with higher social position tend to utilize the loans better; their social position is a key determinant of financial literacy and also financial behavior. The researcher recommends that financial literacy lessons should be introduced in education curricula so that students can get this knowledge from early ages. As for those in employment already, through retirement seminars, their management should introduce financial literacy workshops so as to improve workers financial management skills. Approving of loans that subject the employee to salary deduction of more than 1/3 of their salaries should be stopped. And the financial institutions should be making follow-ups so as to ensure diversion of funds is checked, and lastly employee should be educated on the government policies on poverty reduction and the millennium goals.
Factors that determine financial sustainability of private universities in Tanzania
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Rubagora, Ruth
This study investigated factors that determine financial sustainability of private universities in Tanzania. The general objective of this study is to explore financial sustainability of private universities in Tanzania. The reason being that; since private universities begun in Tanzania in the 1990s it is clear that the private sector has had a role to play in the provision of university education in Tanzania. Today, it is evident that the entrance of these private providers into higher education has increasingly reduced or supplemented the governments‘ heavy responsibility of providing education and the private sector‘s role is on the increase and continues to be welcome. An explanatory case study was undertaken to investigate factors that determine financial sustainability of private universities. A combination of both secondary and primary sources of data was collected for this study. The instruments used for collecting primary data were questionnaires, face-to-face interviews schedules and Focus Group Discussions guide. Overall a total of 80 respondents who included university students, academic and non academic staff, service providers, partners/donors and government employees from HESLB in Dodoma zone. The findings of this study clearly indicate that student fees specifically tuition fee represent a significant income source in all private universities. Their importance varies greatly however, depending on the legal framework in which a particular private university operate. Also that the strategies in place include number of students enrolled, high quality delivery in academic program, good leadership and governance, consultancy and research, publicity and advertisement and direct involvement in community services. Not only that but also courses offered. Policies /strategic plan available and implemented, quality of human resource, number of students, strong control of fund, Diversification of university activities/projects, Good learning environment and use of financial institution ( banks and DSE ) are factors that determine financial sustainability of private universities in Tanzania . Finally the private universities are faced with the following; poor planning, weak policies and strategies, few number of enrolled students, poor government policies on Higher education Fraud. It is until when Private Universities have Proper Planning and Budgeting, fundraising diversify their income, invest in the development and professionalization, concentrate on knowledge revolution, invest not in the large number of universities and students but good quality higher education they will be financially sustainable.
An assessment of factors influencing revenue collection in local government authorities in Tanzania: A case of Mbeya city council
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Mwaipopo, Francis N.
The study aimed at assessing factors that influence revenue collection in local government authorities. The study was conducted in 7 wards of Mbeya City namely; Ruanda, Iyunga, Ilomba, Forest, Igawilo, Sisimba and Nsalaga. The research used a case study approach and collected data using interviews, questionnaire, documentarysources and FGD. Participants involved in the study were the principal income earners in the households. The data collected were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings show that Mbeya City Council has the following revenue sources: property tax, bus stand and parking fees, billboards and advertisements, service levy, sale of plots, market dues and, toilet fee. The findings also show that from year 2005/2006 up to 2010/2011 the trend of revenue collection was good. With regard to factors that influence revenue collection, findings show that it was influenced by affordability of tax/fee rates and satisfaction with service delivery.Other factors that influenced revenue collection were tax education to tax/fee payers, willingness to pay, availability of database for tax/fee payers, economic activities carried out within an area of jurisdiction. With regard to challenges that face revenue collection findings show that they were revenue not spent on public services, corruption, multiplicity of taxes/fees, harassment by tax/fee collectors, limited tax education and dishonest tax/fees collection officials. The study recommends that Mbeya City Council leaders deal with the challenges to improve revenue collection.
Analysis of the contributing factors to the delay and cost overruns in the road construction projects: A case of Tanzania
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Mtawa, Samuel
Delays and Cost overruns in roads construction projects have immense effects and their determinants have been a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to investigate the determinants of delays and costs overruns in roads construction in Tanzania. The specific objectives were to examine the factors for delays, cost over runs and explore possible measures to address the formers. The study used a triangulation of approaches where case study and cross sectional design were employed. A total of 52 respondents were systematically sampled to get data on the problem. Data collection was done through interview with an aid of structured questionnaires .The pre testing of tools before data collection. The results were analysed in SPSS 15 and figures drawn using Excel. The study found out that, delays in road projects was not a natural calamity but due to poor planning, evaluation and implementations. On the other hand, costs overruns was due to corruption, failure to carry out feasibility study, weak team leaders and using historical prices in budgeting. It is therefore recommended that serious initiatives such as suing those who engage in corruption, conducting feasibility study and strengthening the payment system and tendering process should be taken into account to reduce delays and costs over runs.
Analysis of source and cost of fuel energy for household use in Tanzania: A case study of Dodoma municipality
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Malle, Lucy A.
This study aspires to bring answers to the source and cost of fuel for the household use in Tanzania. The study was conducted on two sampling sites of Kisasa and Ntyuka village from Dodoma municipal. A total number of 200 respondents formed the study samples and 100 respondents were taken from Kisasa and 100 respondents from Ntyuka village. The methods of data collection included structured interview and documentary review. The instruments used in data collection were interview schedule and interview guide while information was analysed using SPSS 12 version for window (SPSS, 2005). Descriptive statistics were used to calculate means and standard error while non parametric tests were applied to test the differences among the type of fuel used and the cost of fuel in the household among people of different income levels from the two sampling sites. In general the study found that the source of fuel energy used by the low income household is firewood and maize cobs for cooking and kerosene for lightning where as the type of fuel used by the medium/high income household is charcoal and LPG for cooking and electricity for lightning. The average income for the household termed as low income level household was Tsh 48,555.5 ± 750.531 per month where as the average income for the household termed as medium/high income household were Tsh 1,212,000 ± 33,492.9 per month. The study also found that the average cost of fuel for the household use for the low income household is Tsh 3,280 ± 278.1 per month where as the average cost of fuel for the household use for the medium/high income households were Tsh 131,065 ± 2,276.9 per month. In general the study recommends that the Government under the ministry of Agriculture should do research on drought resistance crops to be introduced to the semi arid regions like Dodoma to enables peasants who depends only on agriculture to have more yield and improve their income and hence being able to adopt modern fuels like LPG, biogas and electricity which are cleaner and faster. The study also recommends that Rural Energy Agent (REA) which is an autonomous institution to promote and facilitate access to modern energy services to rural area require more efforts so as to reach their goals, and lastly the study recommends that government should subsidise some household fuel energy like kerosene and LPG especially to rural people so that they can avoid using firewood for cooking and hence reserve the environment.
Assessment of factors that hinder effective implementation of the property and business formalization programme in rural communities: A case of Meru district council
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Msengi, Martin Sifael
The aim of this study was to assess the factors that hinder effective implementation of the Property and Business Formalization Programme (PBFP) in Kikwe ward in Meru District. The research employed a case study survey technique. The study adopted both qualitative and quantitative approaches, whereby 85 heads of household, 4 government officials and 4 village leaders were used as respondents in this study. Research data were collected using cross sectional approach whereby both questionnaire and interview were used. The justification of this research was based on the fact that, PBFP is reported to have failed to take sufficient account of the political and economic of changes which would affect the effective implementation of PBFP in rural communities. The study findings indicate that the extent of implementation of PBFP in rural communities is low. This is coupled with poor governance structure which was identified in terms of lack of integrity of the officials who were involved in the formalization process which in turn leads to corruption practices. Poor awareness of PBFP as well as poor set up of the programme were also among other factors that were found in the study to hinder the effective implementation of PBFP at the village level. The study also found that, PBFP is targeting men more than women From the study findings, recommendations are made to the government to take a leading role in the design and formulation of appropriate policy and standards which shall be adopted and applied to ensure effective implementation of PBFP in order to achieve Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as planned.
An assessment of the credit sales and control practices in the telecommunication industry: A case study of Vodacom Tanzania ltd
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Mwaijibe, Venance A.
The purpose of this study was to assess the credit sales and control practices in the telecommunication industry in the case study of Vodacom Tanzania Limited and was conducted at the Head office of Vodacom Tanzania Limited in Dar es Salaam, Ilala Municipal, Ohio Street. The researcher was interested to study the management of credit sales in the service providing sector. Since, experience shows that, credit sales if are not well managed may endanger the health of the organization. On other hand telecommunication industry in Tanzania still practice credit sales, consequently the researcher wanted to study management of credit sales. As its methodology the study employed Qualitative and Quantitative techniques. Besides, the case study design was developed in this investigation in order to allow an in depth examination of the topic. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentary review. The methods allow the researcher to obtain valid and reliable data. The findings of this analysis revealed that there is an effective and efficient practice to control credit sales. This has resulted from qualified labor force, stable information system, clear assessment of the ability of postpaid customers to meet the obligation and the use of credit sales policy. This work recommended that even though there are efficient and effective management of credit sales in the organization, they may better improve the customer awareness on credit sales products, conducting customer survey and workshops.
Effects of management skills on performance of SMES in Tanzania; a case of micro and small enterprises in Dodoma municipality
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Ng'ora, Sebastian
This study attempts to assess the effects of management skills on performance of SMEs in Tanzania. The study concentrates on Micro and Small enterprises in Dodoma Municipality where descriptive research design was adopted. A total number of 60 respondents constituted the sample. The sample understudy was Micro and Small enterprises owners/managers. The respondents were interviewed by using structured questionnaire. The analysis was carried out by using descriptive statistics, gross margin, correlation and linear regression. The results indicate that management skills in terms of marketing, financial, human relation and other business skills are of paramount important on performance of SMEs in Tanzania. The findings further reveal that both Micro and Small owners/managers who attended business training or have high level of education have better business performance unlike those who haven’t attended any business training or have lower level of education. Lastly the study recommended government to design training programs for micro and small businesses that reflects the nature and type of businesses undertaken in the country at an affordable price. Moreover, owners/managers of Micro and Small enterprises were argued to attend business training/seminars/workshops that will enable them to acquire marketing, financial, human relation and other related business skills so as to cope with business turbulence and attain sustainable development.
Comparative analysis on listed stocks in DSE: a case study of CRDB bank and NMB bank Tanzania
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Mankaga, Esther P.
This study was based on Comparative Analysis on Listed Stocks at the Dar-es-Salaam Stock Exchange, (DSE) using two commercial banks as a Case Study. Generally, the study analysed the performance of bank stocks in DSE. The specific objectives were to work out some financial ratios and compare both ratios of NMB and CRDB banks, to find out the Market Capitalization of both banks and lastly, to investigate the challenges facing DSE. The sample size of 52 respondents was used. Methods used for data collection were interviews, questionnaires and documentary review. Software Package for Statistical Science (SPSS) was used for management and analysis of data. The study revealed that, both banks generate low dividend yields, with NMB having higher earnings power, gross profit margin and total assets turnover. It seems this bank is making better use of owners‟ resources. The data shows that NMB Bank uses more debts in financing its assets. It recently managed to generate more sales and its Market Capitalization is higher than that of CRDB. Therefore, NMB contributes more to the domestic market capitalization. The challenges facing DSE include; low volume of transactions and limited products traded causing illiquidity, very low local participation, and .limited foreign ownership. 1 The researcher recommends that investors may invest in any of these two banks. Future researchers may conduct some research on stock analysis, and extend it further to include computation and analysis of the intrinsic values of listed companies in DSE. The researcher is convinced that the stock market is not active enough and strongly recommends that the DSE may increase the number of participation of foreigners and local people in the stock market to make it more vibrant. Lastly, the banking industry may look for more was of increasing and expanding its production.
Impact of social security investments in improving retirement benefits: A case study of local authorities pensions fund (LAPF) head offices in Dodoma
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Mafita, Salma
This study assessed the impact of social security investments in improving retirement benefits, a case study of Local Authorities Pensions Fund (LAPF) Head Offices in Dodoma. Four research objectives guided the study. First, to find out the types of investments held by LAPF, in the second place was to find out the proportion of members contribution towards payment of their retirement benefits; thirdly, to find out the proportion of investment income towards improvement of the retirement benefits and fourthly, to examine the impacts of retirement benefits towards retirees of LAPF. The study applied qualitative and less quantitative approaches and cross survey research designs was employed. The sample size was 32 respondents. The study used primary and secondary data. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews and documentary reviews. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 and the use of descriptions was also employed to describe different phenomena. The findings identified several types of investment made by the organization. These comprise buildings, bank deposits, customer retaining through customer care and promotion of services for new customers to sustain the provided benefits. This study found out that the proportion of members‟ contribution towards payments of their retirement benefits was significant. Furthermore, it was found out that the proportion of investment income towards improvement of the retirement benefits is much significant since investments generate more and more funds for benefits payments and financing various administrative activities of the organization. It has been recommended that LAPF should improve its services to its customers, reduce the time for benefits processing so as to be able to pay benefits on time and also investment activities should be improved by investing in a well diversified portfolio.
Assessment of training and development programmes in improving job performance among employees in public organizations in Tanzania: a case study of schools inspectorate organizations in Dodoma region
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Sanja, Violeth
This study was conducted at SIO in Dodoma Region and the purpose is to analyse the effective of training and development programmes in the organizations. The study intends to address the following objectives; the importance of training and development programmes in the organizations, performance of employees after training courses, and challenges/ problems faced by both employers and employees before, during and after training courses. In order the study to be scientific, primary and secondary data collection method were used. The researcher used questionnaires and documentary reviews were conducted to obtain the required information as the research methodology. The researcher targeted a sample of 22 respondents to collect the information the results of the study were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively method approach and presented by tables and charts. Also the researcher analysed the findings obtained from the collected data. The information collected revealed that, training helps employees to master knowledge, skills, and behaviour, Moreover, according to findings performance of employees who attended course and those who do not attended has no great difference because of lack of incentives to those who attended training courses. Challenges facing the organizations were Poor coordination of training programmes, no involvement of employees during training process, deficit of funds from the Government, lack of promotion after training, and government sponsorship. Therefore, some employees had negative attitude towards training provided. The study recommends Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MOEVT) should provide the clear training policy, transparency in selection of employees, and address issues of funding.
Challenges facing procurement management: A case of Kwimba district council in Mwanza, Tanzania
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Mwakyembe, Maneno Nelson
This study explores challenges facing procurement management in Kwimba district council in Mwanza, Tanzania. It analyses a procurement management that concerns with purchasing economic resources, negotiating right items of the right prices, at a right time and getting the best quality resources for Kwimba district council operation. The primary objective of the study was to examine how the procurement management faced with the problem and possible recommendation that can reduce such problems. Meanwhile, the analysis explores relevant empirical and theoretical reviews from various authors on the matter of the study. So far, the investigation of this work employed a methodology that included the area profile and the target population. Both purpose and random sampling were used to select respondents. Data collection techniques and instrument explored were interviews and questionnaires. Indicated are also the findings obtained from real field of the study. The study depicts that there are still challenges facing procurement management such as lack of training, problem of fund support, corruption, poor level of education, conflict of interest, poor skills on how to filling tender documents, lack of open competition and inadequate information to potential bidders. Eventually, the investigation of this work recommends that for successful procurement management therefore should be fluent training to both employees and suppliers, the government through ministry of finance should provide enough funds to facilitate general management of procurement and the Prevention of Corruption Bureau (PCB) investigators may deal much on corruption basis.
Factors and startegies influencing development of eco-tourism in Zanzibar the case of Unguja island (Stonetown, Menai and Nungwi village)
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Said, Said S.
This study is to assess the extent of eco-tourism development in Zanzibar, concentrating on areas of Stone Town, Nungwi and Menai of Unguja Island. The main objective of the study was identifying out eco-tourism factors and strategies influencing eco-tourism development in Zanzibar. More specifically, the study examined influencing factors including inhibiting factor for eco-tourism development, favouring factors and challenges, strategies for eco-tourism and further potentials areas for eco-tourism development. To achieve these objectives, sixty (60) respondents of which thirty four (34) were males and twenty six (26) were females comprising respondents of three categories of local community, government and other tourism related institutes and tourist. Mixed methods of research were used to explore influencing factors and strategies for eco-tourism development. Structured questionnaires with both open and close ended questions were administered to respondents involved in the study. Interviews were carried out where structure questions were also administered to respondents and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were organized comprising of seven people who were given questions related to the study in order to compare and confirm respondents responses arising from the questionnaire survey. Quantitative data were analyzed by using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). The data were coded and computed into percentages and frequencies for easy analysis. Overall study findings revealed that, there are no specific strategies that are fully utilised for developing eco-tourism alone but the strategies are for the sector as a whole. Furthermore, tourism industry has lots of potentials that can further provide great opportunities that can be developed for eco-tourism kind, which can achieve the aim of 2003 tourism policy developed for tourism sector. Likewise, this suggests that community projects are very important in eco-tourism campaigns as they involve local people strategy, formulation and implementation in developed projects for local community. At this community level, local community projects will enable them generate employment and contribute to improve well being of their respective societies. However, various potentials are constrained by several challenges such as limited and poor marketing and promotion campaign, language skills, low budget allocation for tourism sector, seasonal market, price instability, education problem and lack of enough institutions, poor management of tourism resources, culture and environmental degradation and beach boy‘s activities. To reduce these constrains, government should increase finances for tourism budgets, institutilisation of tourism sector, management building capacity, price strategies, police patrol establishment and environmental and culture conservation campaigns. Furthermore, to promote eco-tourism as a unique niche market for tourism sector, the government should adopt specific eco-tourism agenda and strategies likes capacity building, carrying capacity, zoning and participatory approach within the industry. In conclusion, the study ended by providing recommendations for various actors on concrete measures that should be undertaken in order to address inhibiting factors facing eco-tourism in the development of tourism industry.
Effects of women development fund in improving the income of women microentrepreneures in Tanzania the case of Dodoma municipality
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Gembe, Neema B.
The study was conducted in Dodoma Municipality by assessing the effects of Women Development Fund (credit) on improving the income of women micro entrepreneurs in Tanzania. The study is intended to find out the women awareness on WDF, to find out the socio- economic activities done by women micro entrepreneurs supported by WDF, to determine the achievement of women micro entrepreneurs supported by WDF, and finally to identify the challenges faced by women micro entrepreneurs in accessing loans from WDF. Data for the study was collected from 80 respondents using interview guided questionnaires. Both purposeful and simple random sampling procedures were used as technique for sample selection. Most of the data collected from the respondents was analysed by using SPSS and descriptive statistics analysis and presented in tables, figures and text. The study revealed that most of the respondents were aware of existence of WDF. The study also revealed that respondents with access to WDF could undertake various socio-economic activities such as food vending, farming, poultry farming, tailoring, and other activities which in one way or another can be a source of income. The study results have further shown that the income level of respondents improved compared to the period before the credit was provided. This was supported with the information on the accessibility on the social services like, electricity, medical care, school fees, transportation, school uniforms, daily food, books and stationary for their children while before credit accessing it was very difficult to meet them. The study also revealed most of respondents have capital assets such as houses, land, machines for making chicken food, machines for beauty salon, television sets, radios, mobile phones and other assets which in one way or another have improved their life style while in the period before the credit they were not able to have these assets. All this show the WDF improved the income of women micro entrepreneurs. The study has also identified the challenges faced by respondents in accessing the loan from WDF in the study area which includes lack of collaterals, delay of fund, lack of enough funds and unwarranted bureaucracy of some credit officers. In conclusion, the credit which is provided by WDF should be improved in order to increase the success of women and their family for future development. Recommendation, education programme on entrepreneurship and awareness about credit facility should be encouraged for women so that they can involve themselves in income generating activities in order to improve the life standard of their family in particular and the community in general.
An assessment of customers’ satisfaction with customer service at Tanzania electric supply company (TANESCO): A case study of Dodoma municipal council
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Malima, Stanslaus M.
Service quality and customer service are key determinant of customer satisfaction and eventually high revenue through purchase decision on TANESCO services. The objective of the study was to assess customers‟ satisfaction with customer service at TANESCO. The study adopted qualitative research under the case study design to suit the nature of this study. Case study approach was considered to be appropriate for this study because issues related to customer services are complex, context dependent, involving social processes. The study considered a sample of 110 respondents; among these were employees of TANESCO and TANESCO customers. A qualitative primary data were collected using interviews, focused group discussion and observation were adopted. The findings indicate that most of the customers do not get reliable power supply and the supply does not meet customer demand, these have resulted into poor service delivery as well as low revenue collection among other factors. The findings have also revealed a number of challenges which face customer service delivery and revenue collection at TANESCO. These challenges includes; Theft of electricity energy by unfaithful customers in collaboration with unfaithful TANESCO staff, late/none delivery of electricity bills to respective customers, corrupt employees and incorrect bills. Lastly, the researcher has drawn out the following recommendations; TANESCO is advised to invest heavily in improving its institutional capacity to deliver services to its customers satisfactorily. The government should waive taxes on equipment used in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in order to reduce cost of electricity. The Government is recommended to speed up implementation of the projects that are underway to quickly redress the problem of unreliable power supply.
The contribution of commercial banks and retail banks credits to crop farming productivity: A case study of Kongwa district in Dodoma, Tanzania
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Kahela, Enock I.
Using field data as well as secondary information, this study aimed at reviewing the operational mechanism of the existing formal and informal credit arrangements in Kongwa district in Dodoma region with the view to assess the performance in serving micro-enterprise sector with particular reference to crop farmers. The study aimed to examine the contribution of commercial banks and retail banks credits to crop farming productivity in Kongwa district. The study used cross-sectional survey research design adopting both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The researcher used a sample of 120 respondents randomly selected households in some villages of Kongwa district. The analysis of findings was done using SPSS version computer software and Microsoft Excel. The findings reveal that the existing formal bank (National Microfinance Bank-NMB) in Kongwa District completely does not provide credits to crop farmers. This was contrary to the fact that the government institutions and donor-funded development projects extended piecemeal credit services that were made available to crop farmers. Available evidence shows that services rendered by commercial and retail banks were inadequate, at best targeted to specific groups and to the promotion of specific technologies. Generally, the performance of most of these micro- credit banks (in Dodoma region) was not encouraging. Poor loan recovery is also a big constraint to most of these schemes. The results suggest that there is a need to address key factors that inhibit access to credit by farmers that would facilitate alleviation of poverty in the country.

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