Master Dissertations

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Understanding the poverty dynamics and its determinants in Tanzania.
(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Mangi, E. P. I.
Identification of driving factors that are highly related to poverty dynamics is a crucial aspect of formulating successful policies and strategies intending to end poverty. This study aimed at understanding the nature and the determinants of poverty dynamics in Tanzania. The study used National Panel surveys data to estimate the poverty dynamics in Tanzania. The study estimated the poverty dynamics across years using Markov Probability Model and explores the poverty dynamics across different social groups using descriptive analysis. The study also analyzed the determinants of poverty dynamics in Tanzania using the Multinomial Logit regression Model. The results show that 16.8 per cent of households were non-poor in 2008 but moved to poverty in 2010, 12 per cent of households were poor in 2008 but moved to non-poor in 2010 and 9.6 per cent of households were poor in 2008 but continued to be poor in 2010. Also, 13.2 per cent of households were non-poor in 2010 but dropped to poverty in 2012. The study results indicated households status were dynamic, households moved in and out of poverty over time. However, the study results indicated that household heads with secondary education or tertiary education maintained to be non-poor compared to primary education holder household heads. Moreover, the study results further indicated that a high percentage of poor households were found in rural areas compared to urban areas. The key social-economic determinants of poverty dynamics were household sizes, household head’s education status, household’s head area of residence, household head occupation, electricity connection and ownership of assets. Given this kind of poverty mobility, determining of nature of poverty dynamics and identification of socio-economic covariates of poverty dynamics are important processes in policies and strategies making process to end poverty in the country. From a policy point of view, each poverty trajectory would need different treatments. This means people who lay under chronic poverty need different policies to move them out of poverty and people who fall into transitory or impoverishment poverty would also need different policies.
Catastrophic effect ofout-of-pocket health care expenditure on household poverty in Tanzania: lessons from Tanzania panel survey
(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Mwemutsi, Festo A.
The study aimed to analyze the occurrence and severity of catastrophic health spending in Tanzania and its impact on household well-being. The logit model was used to investigate the factors that contribute to catastrophic out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure, while also addressing concerns related to estimate issues like endogeneity, heteroscedasticity, and multicollinearity. The findings of the study indicate that the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure, defined as spending more than 10% of total consumption expenditure on healthcare services, varied over time. The calculated headcount of catastrophic expenditure was 13.9% in 2008/2009, 14.5% in 2010/2011, and 14.1% in 2012/2013. This means that, on average, around 13.9% to 14.5% of interviewed households who sought healthcare and paid for it out of pocket spent more than 10% of their consumption expenditure on healthcare services during the specified periods. Similarly, the frequency and magnitude of catastrophic health payments at the 40% level exhibited some similarities. Regarding the consequences of catastrophic OOP expenses, the study found that the percentage of households that fell into poverty due to these expenses decreased from 3.6% in 2008/2009 to 2.5% in 2010/2011, but then slightly increased to 3.3% in 2012/2013. Overall, an average of 3.1% of the population was impoverished or made poor due to catastrophic health payments. The study also identified several factors associated with catastrophic OOP expenditure, namely household size, age of the household head (65+), and "exp" (which likely refers to an unmentioned variable). These variables were found to be determinants of households experiencing catastrophic health expenses. The study's results align with existing literature, indicating that out-of-pocket health expenses can lead to financial catastrophe for poor households, exacerbating their hardships and potentially forcing them to resort to risky coping mechanisms. Consequently, the study advocates for the implementation of new and strengthened strategies to protect poor households from such catastrophic health costs. In conclusion, this research sheds light on the prevalence and implications of catastrophic health spending in Tanzania, emphasizing the need for policies and interventions to safeguard vulnerable households from the economic burden of out-of-pocket healthcare expenses.
Impact of village community banks on household’s saving, investment and welfare in Kilosa district, Tanzania
(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Ismail, J.
Village Community Banks (VICOBA) has been acknowledged to contribute on livelihood improvement among informal saving and lending groups. Yet there are debates about its impacts on sustainable saving, income generation and welfare of the participants, that saving and investment of members distinct from their groups have remained poor and no clear delineation of impacts on these vital outcomes. This study adopted cross-sectional design to examine the impacts of VICOBA membership on saving, investment and welfare status of the households in Tanzania. Using primary survey data from a randomly selected sample of 99 VICOBA members and 203 non-members in Kilosa District, the study employed Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR) Quasi-experimental impact evaluation methods. The PSM results showed that Average Treatment effect on Treated (ATT) was positively significant at 1% on investment, and monthly income spent on household consumption (indicator of welfare) at 5% significant level, while it was positive but differed significance on saving across matching algorithms. After controlling for bias from both observable and unobservable covariates, ESR method confirmed the findings and further showed that even ATT on saving was positively significant though marginally. It concludes that VICOBA membership has positive impacts on household savings, investment and welfare, so VICOBA provides behavioral practice and aspiration to save and invest. The study also has implications for policy makers and development partners, suggesting that the government should improve the operational system and have legal and regulatory framework to help local government authorities monitor, regulate and integrate fully these groups into development plans and activities at the local level. This can provide easy and effective link between government’s credit schemes and unbanked low-income segments of the population because the groups are clear, less cost and ease to manage and operate.
Determinants of customer satisfaction with electronic services in public sector: a case of Tanzania immigration department
(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Maige, C
This study aimed to examine the determinants of Customer satisfaction with e-services in the public sector, with a particular focus on the Immigration Department in Tanzania. It had three specific objectives: first, to examine the influence of system quality on Customer satisfaction with e-services in the public sector. Secondly, to assess the effect of information quality on customer satisfaction with e-services in the public sector, and lastly, to examine the influence of service quality on Customer satisfaction with e-services in the public sector. The study was guided by Information System success theory and researcher used quantitative approach. The study used a sample of 300 respondents who utilized immigration services in Tanzania and were selected using probability sampling method. The study used a cross-sectional research design and analyzed data using multiple regression analysis with the aid of SPSS v20 analytical tool. The study found that Customer perceptions of e-service system quality were relatively low, with mean scores below the midpoint of 1 to 5 likert scale. However, Customer perceptions of e-service information quality were moderate, with mean scores slightly higher than the midpoint of 1 to 5 likert scale. The firm's overall service quality was moderate to low across all dimensions, suggesting that while immigration services are generally regarded as credible, responsive, and reassuring, there are significant areas for improvement, particularly in terms of tangibility and empathy. The study concluded that Customer satisfaction is significantly influenced by the reliability and security of the system. The research emphasizes the significance of system reliability, security, information accuracy, relevancy, and timeliness, along with tangibility, service assurance, and empathy, in shaping customer perceptions, experiences, and satisfaction. The study recommends the immigration department to set up strict quality control procedures to make sure that the information it sends to clients is correct, up-to-date, and relevant. Using data analytics and letting customers help with the planning process can help tailor services to individual needs, which will ultimately make customers happier overall and make the system seem more usable and responsive, managers should set up training programmes for users and ask them for feedback. This method will make it easier to find and fix problems with system design, technology glitches, and limited features, which will improve the user experience and make customers happier
The role of information and communication technology infrastructure and access to economic growth in Tanzania
(The University of Dodoma, 2023)
This study examined the role of information and communication technology infrastructure and access tothe economic growth in Tanzania using mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) and fixed telephone subscriptions (per 100 people) as a proxy of ICT infrastructure access and usage. It was guided by the theories of neoclassical growth and new growth theory. Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used to achieve the objectives of the study employing annual data spanning from 1994 to 2021. The analysis focused on fixed telephone and mobile cellular subscriptions as indicators of ICT investment, with real GDP per capita as the dependent variable. The results demonstrated a significant relationship between ICT infrastructure and access to economic growth in the short run while in the long run, the variables were not significant. Increases in fixed telephone and mobile cellular subscriptions were associated with an impact on economic growth. In particular, while mobile cellular subscription growth exhibits a significant impact on economic growth in the short run in Tanzania, it does not appear to be significant in the long run. This suggests that, at early stages of digitalization, adoption of mobile telecommunications gives a boost to economic growth, as early adapters tend to be very effective users. However, diminishing marginal returns appear to result, as other production factors may not fully absorb technological advancements. The study suggests that policymakers and stakeholders should prioritise the promotion and investment in ICT infrastructure to drive economic development. The study also emphasises the importance of addressing challenges related to internet connectivity, access, and affordability to ensure broader inclusion in the benefits of ICT. Furthermore, investing in human capital development can complement ICT investment and contribute to GDP growth. These findings give valuable insights for policymakers in Tanzania to maximise the sustainable and inclusive benefits of ICT for economic growth.
The Influence of Business Skills on The Performance of Women Owned Small and Medium Enterprises: A Case of Women Groups in Dodoma City
(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Gallet, G. L.
Business skills and performance of SMEs is currently becoming common in business and social science in general, however there is scarce information on its influence on performance of women owned SMEs. The study attempted to examine the business skills’ influence on women owned SMEs performance. Basically, this study was conducted in Dodoma city. Specifically, the study examined the influence of marketing skills, financial management skills, leadership skills and interpersonal skills on performance of women owned SMEs. The study applied cross-sectional design and quantitative approach. Data was collected from 222 targeted respondents. Further, the study used simple and purposive sampling to get required respondents. Questionnaire survey was the main tool for data collection. The computation of descriptive and inferential statistics was done using SPSS software. Linear regression model was applied in inferential statistics. The testing of relationship between independent variables involving business skills and dependent variable which is business performance was done using regression analysis. Results from descriptive statistics revealed that marketing skills, financial management skills, leadership skills and interpersonal skills influence SMEs performance. Specifically, findings from inferential statistics show that marketing skills contributes significantly to almost 28% of women owned business performance (β = 0.283, p < 0.001), financial management skills contributes significantly to 42% of women owned business performance (β = 0.423, p < 0.000), leadership skills contributes significantly to 45% of women owned business performance (β = 0.445, p < 0.000) and interpersonal skills contributes significantly to almost 29% of women owned business performance (β = 0.288, p < 0.000) in the study area. Therefore, business skills influenced the performance of women owned SMEs. In regard to this, the study concludes that to achieve required performance, firms owned by women need to put more emphasis on training related to business skills in order to enhance performance of their SMEs. The study recommends on provision of appropriate business skills training to the women groups to support improvement of their performance and create more employment opportunities. Also, the study recommends to the policy makers to ensure there’s a policy attempting to force the government to set aside funds that can be used in training and upgrading the best performing small business.
Factors affecting the performance of micro and small manufacturing enterprises in Tanzania, a case of Dodoma City
(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Praygod, G.
The research aimed at analysing internal factors affecting the performance of manufacturing MSEs in Dodoma. Specifically, it examined the influence of ability to access finance, business skills, and in-house training on the performance of manufacturing MSEs. The study was conducted in Dodoma city, where about 200 manufacturing MSEs were sampled. Cross-sectional fact-finding design and a quantitative approach were adopted in establishing the relationship between the variables. Through questionnaire’s the data was collected and analyzed through descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Findings revealed that ability to access finance positively and significantly influence the performance of manufacturing MSEs. The study did also reveal that business skills like that of financial management skills, marketing skills, decision making skills and management skills have a positive and significant impact on the performance of manufacturing MSEs. Furthermore, a discovery was made on positive and significant influence, business in-house training has on MSEs performance. The study concluded that access to finance has a positive and significant impact on the performance of MSEs. Ability to access finance provides a manufacturing firm good capital outlay for the business running the daily operations. Also, the need for business skills for better MSEs performance is high. When owners are equipped with proper business skills, a better performance of the business is achieved. Additionally, since most of the MSEs have limited capital, in house training found to help in performance of the business. The study recommends that, the owner manager should increase their ability to manage and access fund that are necessary for business performance. Also, MSE’s Owners should encourage in-house training to save cost of the MSEs in attaining different skills for running their daily operations.
The influence of brand credibility on consumer's purchase intention of diary products at Dodoma city council in Tanzania endogeneity
(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Olotu, H.
The study aimed to examine the influence of brand credibility on consumer's purchase intention in dairy product in Tanzania. Specifically, the study examined the influence on brand trustworthiness, brand expertise and brand attractiveness on consumers purchase intention. The study used cross-sectional research design with quantitative approach and collected data from a sample of 323 consumers residing in Dodoma City by using questionnaire. The study guided by source credibility theory which assumed that consumers are more likely to be persuaded when the source presents itself as credible. The findings show that brand trustworthiness, brand expertise and brand attractiveness influence consumers purchase intention of dairy product. Specifically, honesty, company history and trustworthy are indicators of brand trustworthiness. The result showed that honesty and trustworthy statistical significance influence purchase intention. The attribute "Honesty" exhibited statistical significance with a coefficient of 0.37648 (p = 0.038). Also, skills, experience and knowledge are indicators of brand Expertise which Experience and Knowledge had coefficients of -11.23 (p =0.001), 15.35036 (p =0.001) were statistically significant influence purchase intention. Additionally, level of customers services, quality and brand reputation are indicators of brand attractiveness which found that brand reputation with coefficient of 1.123394(p=0.002) and reputation with coefficient 3.857913 (p=0.001) were statistically significant influence purchase intention. In conclusion, this study's findings underscore the importance of brand trustworthiness, expertise, and attractiveness in influencing consumers' purchase intention of dairy products mainly fresh milk and yoghurt. By strategically focusing on these attributes and improving consumers' perceptions, dairy product brands can foster purchase intention. Based on the findings it was recommended to increase consumers' trust in dairy brands through transparency, to communicate with their expertise effectively to target consumers and invest in branding, packaging, and marketing efforts to create an attractive and appealing brand image.
Technical and non-technical factors affecting level of customer satisfaction of electricity services in Dodoma City
(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Fokas, D
This study intended to assess the factors affecting level of customer satisfaction in electricity services in Dodoma City. Specifically, the study aimed to examine level of customers’ satisfaction for non-technical service factors; to determine level of customers’ satisfaction for technical service factors; to analyse the influence of non-technical service factors on the level of customer satisfaction; and to determine the influence of technical service factors on the level of customer satisfaction. The study used case study research design to a sample of 115 electricity consuming households who were randomly and carefully chosen from TANESCO population of households in Dodoma City. Data were coded and analysed quantitatively using SPSS and thematic coding for qualitative data. Gap analysis and the SERVQUAL model was used to respond to first and second objective while a robust logistic regression was used for objective three and four. The first specific objective was approached by examining the level of satisfaction based on four aspects of non-technical factors, which are electricity demand, level of education, staff attitude, and distance to nearest office using the gap analysis. The results revealed significant customer dissatisfaction within the power utility sector. Customers expressed discontent with the impact of electricity demand on their daily activities (-1.638) and the lack of advance communication regarding power load shedding, indicating a supply-demand imbalance (-1.655). Customer education efforts by the utility were found to be lacking (-1.454), with customers reporting limited awareness of employee understanding, network reliability, bill calculations, and new technologies. Staff attitudes also raised concerns, as customers perceived a lack of commitment, impoliteness, and inadequate complaint resolution. Moreover, using SERVQUAL model based on indicators of tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy to examine the level of technical satisfaction. Generally, based on the gap analysis on the evaluation of customer satisfaction, it became evident that customer expectations frequently outstripped the actual perceived service quality, resulting in negative gap scores. Notably, certain features, such as the willingness of employees to assist customers and their expertise in addressing customer inquiries, generated the highest expectations (-1.452). On the contrary, personal service provision emerged as the least anticipated service attribute from power utility employees. Among the dimensions assessed, factors related to reliability and responsiveness exhibited the most significant gap scores, indicating substantial levels of customer dissatisfaction. A binary logit model showed that the odds of increasing customer satisfaction would increase by 17, 269, and 46 times higher if electricity demands, staff are educated to handle customer queries, and staff improve attitude by being more committed and cooperate well with customers. Moreover, the odds of improving customer level of satisfaction would increase 17, 28, and 49 times higher if company used modern equipment while appearing neat, become responsive by promptly addressing customer problems, and become assuring by ensuring customer safety and confidence. Conclusively, customers of electricity were seen to be unsatisfied by the service quality offered by the power utility company, the level which was significantly influenced by technical and non-technical attributes of employees and the company itself. It was therefore recommended that; more effort is needed to upscale power utility company approach to customers by being more transparent and by informing its customers on how power usage is accounted and provide timely information on any planned power services. This also include educating its working staff how to be closer to customers. Furthermore, the company should be more responsive and prompter in responding to customer problems and discern on ways to elevate customer trust via assuring their confidence when transacting. Policymakers should also endorse stringent service quality standards, incentivize training and customer-centric conduct, and champion sustainable energy practices. Collaboration between utilities and regulators is pivotal to achieve these goals, with a concerted effort to integrate feedback mechanisms and acknowledge outstanding service as essential components of a customer-centric transformation in the power sector.
Manufacturing sector’s growth in Tanzania: Empirical lessons from macroeconomic factors
(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Mwangoka, Veronica C.
Catastrophic effect ofout-of-pocket health care expenditure on household poverty in Tanzania: lessons from Tanzania panel survey
(The Universsity of Dodoma, 2023) Mwemutsi, Festo A.
The study aimed to analyze the occurrence and severity of catastrophic health spending in Tanzania and its impact on household well-being. The logit model was used to investigate the factors that contribute to catastrophic out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure, while also addressing concerns related to estimate issues like endogeneity, heteroscedasticity, and multicollinearity. The findings of the study indicate that the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure, defined as spending more than 10% of total consumption expenditure on healthcare services, varied over time. The calculated headcount of catastrophic expenditure was 13.9% in 2008/2009, 14.5% in 2010/2011, and 14.1% in 2012/2013. This means that, on average, around 13.9% to 14.5% of interviewed households who sought healthcare and paid for it out of pocket spent more than 10% of their consumption expenditure on healthcare services during the specified periods. Similarly, the frequency and magnitude of catastrophic health payments at the 40% level exhibited some similarities. Regarding the consequences of catastrophic OOP expenses, the study found that the percentage of households that fell into poverty due to these expenses decreased from 3.6% in 2008/2009 to 2.5% in 2010/2011, but then slightly increased to 3.3% in 2012/2013. Overall, an average of 3.1% of the population was impoverished or made poor due to catastrophic health payments. The study also identified several factors associated with catastrophic OOP expenditure, namely household size, age of the household head (65+), and "exp" (which likely refers to an unmentioned variable). These variables were found to be determinants of households experiencing catastrophic health expenses. The study's results align with existing literature, indicating that out-of-pocket health expenses can lead to financial catastrophe for poor households, exacerbating their hardships and potentially forcing them to resort to risky coping mechanisms. Consequently, the study advocates for the implementation of new and strengthened strategies to protect poor households from such catastrophic health costs. In conclusion, this research sheds light on the prevalence and implications of catastrophic health spending in Tanzania, emphasizing the need for policies and interventions to safeguard vulnerable households from the economic burden of out-of-pocket healthcare expenses.
The effect of investors' trading behavior on the performance of Dar es salaam stock exchange before and during the Covid-19 pandemic
(The Universsity of Dodoma, 2023) Joseph, D
This study delves into the profound impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) and scrutinizes the intricate relationship between investors' trading behavior and stock market performance. The pandemic-induced disruptions are evident in significant declines in equity turnover, trading value, and market capitalization. Noteworthy is the cautious investor sentiment during the pandemic, marked by decreased trading activities and a 12% dip in total market capitalization. The study employs a quantitative research design, utilizing panel data analysis to navigate distinct periods before and during the pandemic. Results reveal nuanced correlations, such as increased domestic buying correlating with diminished market optimism, yet during the pandemic, leading to higher returns. Selling activity, both domestic and foreign, is linked to lower returns, yet during the pandemic, higher sales yield increased returns, indicating a unique market response to uncertainty. The study extends its analysis to stock market indices, shedding light on the complex interplay between citizens' purchasing behavior, market capitalization, and index performance. Conclusively, the research underscores the substantial influence of trading behavior on stock market dynamics, influenced by factors like market sentiment and government interventions, offering avenues for future exploration in behavioral factors, event studies, and cross-market impacts.
The effect of investors' trading behavior on the performance of Dar es salaam stock exchange before and during the Covid-19 pandemic
(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Joseph, D.
This study delves into the profound impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) and scrutinizes the intricate relationship between investors' trading behavior and stock market performance. The pandemic-induced disruptions are evident in significant declines in equity turnover, trading value, and market capitalization. Noteworthy is the cautious investor sentiment during the pandemic, marked by decreased trading activities and a 12% dip in total market capitalization. The study employs a quantitative research design, utilizing panel data analysis to navigate distinct periods before and during the pandemic. Results reveal nuanced correlations, such as increased domestic buying correlating with diminished market optimism, yet during the pandemic, leading to higher returns. Selling activity, both domestic and foreign, is linked to lower returns, yet during the pandemic, higher sales yield increased returns, indicating a unique market response to uncertainty. The study extends its analysis to stock market indices, shedding light on the complex interplay between citizens' purchasing behavior, market capitalization, and index performance. Conclusively, the research underscores the substantial influence of trading behavior on stock market dynamics, influenced by factors like market sentiment and government interventions, offering avenues for future exploration in behavioral factors, event studies, and cross-market impacts.
The effect of investors' trading behavior on the performance of Dar es salaam Stock Exchange before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Daniel, Joseph
This study delves into the profound impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) and scrutinizes the intricate relationship between investors' trading behavior and stock market performance. The pandemic-induced disruptions are evident in significant declines in equity turnover, trading value, and market capitalization. Noteworthy is the cautious investor sentiment during the pandemic, marked by decreased trading activities and a 12% dip in total market capitalization. The study employs a quantitative research design, utilizing panel data analysis to navigate distinct periods before and during the pandemic. Results reveal nuanced correlations, such as increased domestic buying correlating with diminished market optimism, yet during the pandemic, leading to higher returns. Selling activity, both domestic and foreign, is linked to lower returns, yet during the pandemic, higher sales yield increased returns, indicating a unique market response to uncertainty. The study extends its analysis to stock market indices, shedding light on the complex interplay between citizens' purchasing behavior, market capitalization, and index performance. Conclusively, the research underscores the substantial influence of trading behavior on stock market dynamics, influenced by factors like market sentiment and government interventions, offering avenues for future exploration in behavioral factors, event studies, and cross-market impacts.
The effect of service quality on relationship quality: a case of NSSF Arusha branch
(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Msavila, Ashery E.
Tanzania lacks detailed information about perceived service quality and relationship quality in the social security schemes among employees who are contributing to respective schemes including NSSF. This study assessed about the effect of service quality (reliability, empathy, tangibles, responsiveness as well as assurance) on relationship quality. The study was carried out at the National Social Security Fund (NSSF) Arusha branch. The specific objectives are to assess the of reliability on relationship quality, to assess the influence of responsiveness on relationship quality, to assess the influence of assurance on relationship quality, to assess the influence of empathy on relationship quality as well as to assess the influence of tangibles on relationship quality. An explanatory research design was adopted. Sample size of 380 respondent was obtained through systematic sampling techniques. Questionnaire was the only means by which study responses were recorded. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 25 was used for management of data analysis. The study findings show that all the five service quality dimensions namely reliability, empathy, tangibles, responsiveness as well as assurance had positive and significant relationship with relationship quality. In general, the study findings conclude that service quality has positive and significant influence on relationship quality. The study therefore recommends for NSSF to improve service quality in terms of all five dimensions (reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and tangibles) to increase relationship quality.
Determinants of financial performance for small scale wine processing industries in Dodoma Region
(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Sweve, Amani E.
This study examined the determinants of financial performance of the small scale wine processing industries in Dodoma region, Tanzania. The study had three specific objectives; the first one was to examine the effect of firm specific factors on financial performance of small scale wine processing firms in Dodoma. The second one was to determine the effect of capital structure (debts and equity) on the financial performance of small scale wine processing firms in Dodoma. The third one was to analyze the effect of liquidity on financial Performance of small scale wine processing firms in Dodoma. The study adopted a quantitative research approach with a cross-sectional survey research design. There were a total of 83 small scale wine processing industries at the time and total population was surveyed for data collection. Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire and the analysis was done through descriptive statistics and Multiple Linear Regression model. Findings of the study revealed that firm specific factors (firms age and size), capital structure (Debt to equity Ratio) and liquidity (current assets and current liabilities) have positive significant effect on the financial performance of the small scale wine processing firms. This implies that, the financial performance of the wine processing firms is influenced by firm age and size as specific factors, capital structure and liquidity. Any positive change in the mentioned factors would lead to a positive change in the financial performance of the wine processing firms. The study recommends that small scale wine processing industries should make sure they take advantage of the competitive edge brought by size and age of the firm since they have positive effect on firm's financial performance which is proxied by profitability. Also, small scale wine industries should have a good debt to equity ratio by avoiding having too much debt since it increases the chances of insolvency. Moreover, there should be a balance between current assets and current liabilities. Firms should have more current assets and less current liabilities to have a better liquidity position and have an ability to pay their short-term debt obligations when they fall due.
Top management faultlines and the performance of tourism enterprises: a case of Arusha district
(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Msabila, A
The study aimed to examine the influence of top management fault lines on organizational performance in tourism firms. Specifically, it focused on determined the influence of social-demographic fault lines, functional-based fault lines, and organizational behavior fault lines on organizational performance. The study population consisted of all tour operator firms in the Arusha district, with a sample size of 107. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, and quantitative approach was used. Data from managers in administrative roles were collected through questionnaires and interviews. Qualitative data were converted into numerical responses using the Likert scale and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Multiple Linear Regression model. The findings indicated that social-demographic faultlines, functional-based faultlines, and organizational behavior faultlines have an impact on the organizational performance of tour operators' firms. Specifically, these faultlines influenced the number of visitors, the capacity to transport visitors, and the length of visitors' stay. Based on the results, the study concludes that top management faultlines significantly influence the performance of tourism enterprises, particularly in relation to the number of visitors, capacity, and length of stay. To attract a higher number of visitors and increase revenue, tourism enterprises should focus on improving their functional-based faultlines, including factors such as education level, functional background, and experience. Furthermore, the government should consider both internal and external factors that directly or indirectly influence faultlines in the performance of tourism enterprises.
The Impact of Public Debt on Economic Growth in Tanzania
(The University of Dodoma, 2023) William, Kamanzi A.
This study aimed to determine the impact of public debt on economic growth in Tanzania. The study was guided by three specific objectives, which were: to determine the effect of foreign debts on economic growth in Tanzania; to analyze the effect of domestic debts on economic growth in Tanzania; and to examine the causal relationship between domestic debts, foreign debts, and economic growth. The study employed secondary data from the National Bureau of Statistics and the Bank of Tanzania. In addition, the auto-regressive distributed lag model (ARDL) was used for time series modeling. Subsequently the results revealed that Domestic debt was found to have a positive influence on economic growth in Tanzania with a regression coefficient of 0.927 (the p-value was 0.005). The results for the second objective, found that, foreign debt negatively influence economic growth with a regression coefficient of -3.278, (the p-value was 0.005). Moreover, the study found that there is no causality between the external debt and economic growth, that there is a two-way direction of causality between economic growth and internal debt, and that there is a one-way direction of causality from the external debt to internal debt, that is, the external debt enhanced the internal debt. The study concluded that exports had a significant positive impact on economic growth. The study also discovered that while exports and imports have a positive impact on economic growth, an increase in public debt, both internal and external, has a significant negative impact. Therefore, in order to reduce these effects on economic growth, the Bank of Tanzania should control these growth-affecting factors. Finally the study recommended that future research may employ quarterly data to acquire a greater number of observations that may be studied for their impact of public debt on the growth of Tanzania's domestic product.
The impact of prepaid water meters on urban clients and utility’s outcomes:the case of Iringa municipality
(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Rugaimbila, Theophile T.
Water is the essence to life, economy and environment as all human activities depend on it. Among 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), SDG 6 aims to “ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all”. As African cities’ population grows at 4.1 percent annually, water utilities are facing economic water scarcity, brought about financial, technology and human capacities for managing water. The prevailing revenue flows of most utilities fall far beyond the requirements to fund investments and run services effectively to meet rapidly growing demand. While considering postpaid water meters as remedy, the technology is mostly subjected to billing inaccuracy, payment delays, higher operational cost among others. This calls for prepaid water metering system (PPWMs) on most of sub-Saharan African utilities. Therefore, this study employed fixed-effects panel data analysis technique through event study difference-in-difference design to explore the causal-effects of PPWMs on water utility’s revenue collections, efficiency and client’s consumption compare to postpaid meters in urban areas. This study employed secondary data form Iringa Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority (IRUWASA) covering a sample of 12,552remained postpaid and 757 shifted to prepaid water client accounts observed from 2014 to 2020 throughout on monthly basis. In general, the findings revealed a significant increase on revenue collections and collection efficiency brought about PPWMs, compare to postpaid, while utility benefit most from Domestic clients. Moreover, on the site of consumers, generally there is no consistent significant change on water consumption till after a long exposure to PPWMs which experience a reduction but on industrial clients there is a significant reduction on consumption. Although prepaid water metering can potentially improve the quality of water service provision, much improvement can be realized if financial options are well invested and are supporting such technological interventions.
The influence of corporate social responsibility on consumer switching intentions in the banking industry: a case of national microfinance bank in Dodoma region
(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Akwilin, Sheila M.
This study assessed the influence of corporate social responsibility on switching intentions in the banking industry. Specifically, the study assessed the influence of economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibility on switching intentions. The study adopted an exploratory research design to establish a causal relationship between variables. A mixed research approach was adopted using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study used NMB corporate consumers as a population of the study where 154 of them were sampled through a convenient sampling technique. Also, the NMB staff were purposively sampled to be included in the study. A questionnaire was used to collect data from NMB corporate consumers while key informants interview was used to collect data from NMB staff. Data collected through questionnaire was analyzed through descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis while the data collected through interview was analyzed through thematic analysis. On economic responsibility, results indicated that banks profitability (p-value=0.038), job creation (p-value=0.040) and community activities' support (p-value=0.001) significantly influencedswitching intentions.Regarding legal responsibility, findings revealed thatadherence to laws (p-value=0.038), regulations (p-value=0.013) and bank`s legal responsibility (p-value=0.039) were significant predictors of consumer switching intentions. Also, on ethical responsibility, it was revealed that, fair consumers treatment (p-value=0.000) and ethical standards (p-value=0.045) were the significant predictors of consumer switching intentions. While on philanthropic responsibility, results indicated that giving back to society (p-value=0.024), supporting development activities(p-value=0.014) and supporting social activities (p-value=0.019) significantly influencedconsumer switching intentions. Therefore, the study concluded that corporate social responsibility is crucial on enhancing switching intentions. Therefore, it is recommended that NMB and other financial institutions should increase their corporate social responsibility initiatives to avoidswitching intentions.

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