Master Dissertations

Permanent URI for this collection

http://192.168.18.118:4000/handle/20.500.12661/407

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 547

An assessment of the trends and extent of employee turnover in local government authorities in Tanzania: a case study of Dodoma municipal council
(The University of Dodoma, 2010) Temu, Elizabeth G.
The study aims at assessing the Trends and Extent of Employee Turnover in Local Government Authorities: A Case Study of Dodoma Municipal Council. The researcher used the cross sectional design that allowed the researcher to use questionnaire, interview and documentary review during data collection. The sample size was 85 respondents. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyze the collected data. Descriptive statistics summarized the information from the collected data. From the research findings, the study reveals that low salaries, lack of motivation and promotion, poor working environment, poor organizational policy and poor leadership are the most applauded factors leading to employee turnover in Dodoma Municipal Council. As well from the research resulting, the most revealed effects of employee turnover are poor service delivery, low productivity, and hence the failure to meet the intended goals and objectives. The study consequently recommends that there should be well designed policies and strategies to retain all the categories of employee by treating them equally. And this can be done through improving working environment by hiring inappropriate staff and practice equality in treatment of staff, improve salary, accommodation, empower employee through attendance of conferences and the use of feedback system by giving employee feedback on how they are performing and thus what need to improve if needs. Again to provide employee with clear job descriptions, place staff according to their qualifications, usage of users friendly Information Technology (IT) system, applying Open Performance Review Assessment System (OPRAS) for promotions may motivate employee through performance rewards.
Challenges and opportunities facing community owned and managed microfinance institutions: a case of the village savings and loans associations in Dodoma municipal.
(The University of Dodoma, 2011) Kopoka, Inocensia B.
In order to increase the outreach of financial services to community members, especially in the rural areas, community owned and managed microfinance institutions were introduced to curb the problems associated with the present microfinance institutions. One approach of community owned and managed microfinance is the Village Savings and Loan Association (VSLA) methodology. The purpose of a VSLA is to provide simple savings and loan facilities in a community that does not have easy access to formal financial services. The study was conducted within the Dodoma Municipality in the wards of Makole, Ipagala, Tambukareli, Kikuyu and Kisasa where the VSLA groups are operating. The main objective of the study was to assess the prevailing challenges and opportunities faced by community owned and managed microfinance institutions using the Village Savings and Loans Associations as the case study. Specifically the study explored the nature, dimensions and rationale of the formation of community owned and managed microfinance institutions i.e. VSLAs in Dodoma and also to assess the performance of Village Savings and Loans Associations (VSLA) methodology of microfinance delivery through community ownership and management and lastly to identify the challenges of building community owned and managed microfinance institutions and sustaining them. The findings of the study were drawn from the data collected from eighty four (84) respondents of which, eighty (80) were members of the VSLA groups, fifteen of these members were also the office bearers who consisted of one chairperson, treasurer and a secretary from each group covered as well as four field officers from CODERT Dodoma. Data collection methods used included survey and interviews. Secondary information was obtained through review of literature from published and unpublished documents, reports and journals through which the VSLA methodology was seen to be an effective mechanism for helping the poor in the rural areas gain access to financial services. The major challenges faced by the VSLA were that members were more concerned with buying shares than repaying their loans and that there was no effective mechanism to deal with those who failed to repay their loans during a cycle. However, the VSLA methodology had brought about a culture of savings among the members and that they are able to effectively cope with financial shock which may occur within the household. There is a strong need for CODERT to develop effective means for the VSLA member to be able to recuperate their lost savings if they have guaranteed loans of other members which have not been paid. For those members of the VSLA groups who do not have any income generating activity, CODERT must provide entrepreneurial skill for these members as this will reduce the increase rate in outstanding loans by these members.
The contribution of international institutions to women economic empowerment: a case of the united nations entity for gender equality and the empowerment of women (UNW)
(The University of Dodoma, 2011) Marwerwe, Naomi Nyakenda
The past three decades from the 80‘s have witnessed a steadily increasing awareness of the need to empower women through measures that increase social, economic and political equity. In recognition of the importance of establishing gender equality around the world the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UNW)) was established in 1984. Thus, this study aimed to examine the contribution of the UN Women in women economic empowerment. The contribution of UNW was studied under three aspects; the nature and magnitude of UN Women contribution to women empowerment, activities being supported by UN Women and finally the extent to which UN Women support is contributing to women economic empowerment. The research used a descriptive case study design and data was collected through 20 interviews, document review and internet sources. Interview reports, document analysis findings were analyzed using content analysis method. The findings revealed that UNW does not provide money to women but it contributes to women economic empowerment through programs and activities that it does to women in various places. UN-Women focus on women who are often excluded including rural women, who are poor, illiterate, have less access to property ownership, credit, training and employment. Activities include training, advocates, studies and formation of networks of women engaged in informal cross-border trade. Finally, empowering a woman means empowering a nation, community and the entire human family. The study therefore recommends that UNW puts in more attention and find out new approaches, skills, techniques, interesting programs and further education that would draw women‘s attention even those who have never been exposed to educational programs would have a sense of wanting to concentrate more and get to explore new ideas.
Performance of village development committees in Tanzania: a case study of Kilombero district council, Morogoro region
(The University of Dodoma, 2011) Sinoni, Jumanne
The specific objective of the study were to find out the role of Village Development Committees, to examine the operations of Village Development Committees and to assess the performance of Village Development Committees in Kilombero District Council.Literature review, questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussion and field site visits were used in collecting data. Data were analyzed into simple descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program and MS-EXCEL. A total of 100 respondents from eight villages were involved in this study as representative samples.The villages were:Kibaoni, Kilama, Kikwawira, Lughongole, Mbasa,Lumemo,Ihanga and Mahutanga. Research findings indicate that Village Development Committees (VDCs) were ineffective because it were unable to implement development projects successfully including construction of schools, markets, drilling and installation of water projects and irrigation schemes. The operation of VDCs was found to rely on villager’s participation rather than enforcement of directives from District Officials. The role of VDCs were found to be familiar to villagers including planning, information disbursement to villagers, budgeting, mobilization of resources and involvement of key stakeholders in development. The challenges facing VDCs were conflicting political interests between CUF and CHADEMA versus CCM rulling political party and lack of education on how VDCs works and inadequate funds from external sources to support village development programmes.The suggested measures to ensure effectiveness of VDCs varied across villagers including resolving of conflicting political parties interests (CHADEMA & CUF versus CCM), provision of education to villagers and VDCs members on how VDCs works in connection to the community, payment of salaries to VDCs members and committment and accountability to VDCs members.
Promotion of grassroots participation on HIV/AIDS policy formulation in rural Tanzania: a case study of Serengeti district
(The University of Dodoma, 2011) Peter, Cecilia
This study is about promotion of grassroots participation on HIV/AIDS policy formulation in rural Tanzania a case of Serengeti district. Grassroots participation has been done in Tanzania but in HIV/AIDS policy formulation particularly it has never been done. The main problem behind the study is lack of participation for ordinary people in the HIV/AIDS policy, especially in rural areas where only few people have knowledge on the National HIV/AIDS elimination strategies. The aim is to assess the level of grassroots participation in HIV/AIDS policy formulation. Questions had to be answered as follows; people’s perception on HIV/AIDS policy; people’s ways of participation in traditional life; people’s participation on HIV/AIDS policy; and on how should people participate in HIV/AIDS policy. The study implied mixed approach with cross sectional design whereby situation and conclusions concerning the study was derived from the respondents themselves. There were few common challenges mentioned by respondents if the whole community is to be involved in policy formulation process mainly costs and time factors, but they suggest that if they can participate in different social and economic activities successfully, what will hinder participation in policy formulation. Finally, the study suggests that grassroots participation should be a culture and that having policy as an instrument is one best thing but, ordinary people’s participation is more important to make it become successful.
The impact of vocation training centers (VTCS) on improving youth livelihood in Dodoma municipality: the case of five selected VTCS
(The University of Dodoma, 2011) Aloyce, Babene
The study on impact of Vocation Training Centers (VTCs) on improving youth livelihood was conducted in Dodoma Municipality. Generally the study aimed at assessing the relevance of vocational education training centers in improving youth livelihood; specifically intended to: identify skills acquired by youth through vocational education training, determine the teachers qualifications and its effects on the teaching of practical skills, examine the contribution of vocational training skills in creating self-employment and livelihood promotion among VTCs graduates. The study has used cross sectional research design. A sample of 60 respondents was drawn from the selected five VTCs. The study used both probability and non probability sampling procedures. Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics using Statistics Package for Social Science (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel to form frequencies and percentages of the findings. The study has found that most of the youth have acquired skills on carpentry, catering, tailoring, mechanics and electrical installation. However, this does not mean that other vocation skills are less significant to youth livelihood. Sustainable livelihood depends much on the ability of one to access livelihood assets, access to sources of working capital was one of livelihood assets examined; it was observed that more than half of respondents (65%) accessed the working capital from their relatives and friends followed by few respondents (14%) who have affirmed to have received working capital from SACCOS. This implies that support from the government, CSOs and private sector to empower VTCs graduates to start self-employment is inadequate and has resulted most of VTCs graduates livelihood stand still in the state of vulnerability. The study, therefore, recommends the stakeholders to complement the government’s effort in the provision of training resources.
Challenges and prospects of addressing road safety in Tanzania: a case study of Dar es salaam city
(The University of Dodoma, 2011) Mtamwa, Chipegwa Joseph
This study examines the challenges and prospects of road safety which are associated to road traffic accidents in Dar es Salaam City in Tanzania. In identifying challenges and prospects associated with the causes of road traffic accidents, the study used a system theory and model for traffic accidents as the base of knowledge in this study. The methodology and procedure for data collection employed in the field was based on both qualitative and quantitative approaches within a framework of a case study approach. Interviews with accident victims, government officials, traffic police, focus group discussions, observations and review of secondary data at Muhimbili hospital of about 400 casualties, were done accordingly. The study has revealed the trends of motor traffic accidents in Dar es Salaam between 2006 to 2011 which show that accident occurrences were increasing every year; passengers are always at high risk of being injured or killed on the road. Men are more involved in road accidents than women. The study has also described different types of motor related injuries. Over speeding, reckless driving, being a pedestrian, or a motor cyclist were identified as challenges to motor vehicle crashes. The study has also identified qualitatively that the technical element of the highway construction, corruption, irresponsibility, poor management, driving while using cell phone, driving without training, failure to respect and obey traffic regulations, bad condition of vehicles, age of the vehicles and poor condition of services as the important challenges associating with the cause of traffic accidents in Dar es Salaam. In order to reduce traffic accidents in Dar es Salaam City, the study recommends that the government should review legislations regarding employment of drivers; National Institute of Transport (NIT) and Vocational Education Training Authority (VETA) should be given a statutory mandate to train the drivers. Working conditions of police force should be improved, public road safety campaigns should be conducted, and new driving license system must be followed. The use of cell phones while driving should be totally restricted. The hospital and police record keeping should be strengthened, the hospital staff, traffic police and ambulance personnel should be considered for intensive training on emergency and attentiveness, and regular vehicle inspection should be introduced in the country.
Household in participatory development planning of development project in Tanzania: a case study of Chinangali ii grape project
(The University of Dodoma, 2011) Ainekisha, Antony J.
This research was undertaken at Chamwino District, in Chinangali II project of Dodoma region, the area was selected as it is where the newly agricultural population engaging in grape production is higher. Mainly the study aimed at examining the role of household in the process of participatory development planning (PDP) of development projects (DP) in Tanzania. Specifically the study examined the household perceptions on participation processes of PDP, household's perception on participation tools in PDP used in the project, forms in which the household participate in PDP, role performed by household in PDP of development project, and finally the study examined the household perception on the way to participate in PDP. This is because of the fact that, despite of practice of PDP still various DP indicates failure to deliver because of being focused to community participation which has no common interest and collective responsibility as the household is. Therefore to capture information both primary data and secondary data were used. The study involved 94 household as a sample drawn from 1000 household that the project covered. Qualitative data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 concentrating on central tendencies. The findings indicates that household participation in PDP of DP are mixed, they represent an advance in our understanding of the multiple ways in which household members might engage (or not) in opportunities to contribute to DP and the implications of their involvement for social development outcome. This is because of the fact that household perceptions on participation processes of PDP are diverse, for instance many respondents pointed out to be more convenient with implementation and monitoring than the other. More over the study findings indicates that household has a well defined role in the project only in activities which are action based, while their role is not experienced in PDP activities requiring knowledge and skills of formal nature to execute them properly. This is because of the fact that, every variable that household indicated to be well convenient with are those which are action based than theoretical based. Finally the study concluded that, household can be easily depicted within the project if they actively participated on these areas than the other.
The oversight role of the house of representatives of Zanzibar in building accountable government
(The University of Dodoma, 2011) Masoud, Ramadhani KH.
In modern democracies, legislatures have numerous duties. As key states organs, they examine the legislative proposals in the process of their passage and are entrusted with overseeing executive’s responsibilities and to keep their eyes on government’s activities. Legislative committee system is the most critical structure that permits the members of legislators to divide up their labour and specialize in particular areas of activities. It is therefore the most significant legislative mechanism and is often referred to as the mini legislatures of their parent bodies. There is a tendency around the world to rely on committees for implementing much of the legislatures activities and this is because in legislative democracies, the committee systems assume great importance since legislatures by their very nature, cannot have complete oversight over governments and all their activities. In this regard, Zanzibar is not an exception. Being a partner state with Tanganyika to form the United Republic of Tanzania, it has had familiarity with committee system since 1979 when the House of Representatives of Zanzibar was established. Since the formation of the House, the committee system has been a useful mechanism supporting the House of Representatives to discharge its oversight role in building accountability of the Government. However, the study findings revealed that despite the fact that, the committees of the House have been useful mechanism to the House, they have not served well intended purpose due to the lack of sufficient financial resources which has resulted in inefficient material resources such as transportation for rendering services for the House committees; the lack of sufficient office machines; the lack of sufficient training to the members and clerks of committees. On other side, the study found that, the House committees have not adequate formal power in their activities as a result they have failed to enforce their findings and decisions. All of these drawbacks, to a large extent, have contributed to the ineffectiveness of these committees in their oversight role. This study has been designed to assess the impacts of such drawbacks to the committees and the House in making accountability to the Government. On other side, the study has attempted to note a number of recommendations and among the key ones are the House of Representatives to strongly consider the establishment of real independent House Budget Office to guarantee the effectiveness of the House Committees in performing their over sight role over government; and the House to consider the changing of its standing orders so as to enable its committees to enforce their findings and decisions and to empower these committees to initiate legislation for the purpose of enhancing democracy and good governance in a country.
Motivations towards community participation in development projects: a case of Temeke municipal council, Tanzania
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Lyatuu, Martin F.
The study tries to assess what motivates community members to participate in development projects in Temeke Municipal Council, study was conducted in three wards, Kisarawe II, Kibada and Kimbiji. Data were collected using structured and unstructured interviews, questionnaires and documentation. A total number of 75 respondents were involved in this study as representative sample. Results indicates that majority (79%) of the respondents were aware with the perception of community participation in development projects, compares to 21% who are not aware. The study concludes that the majority of the respondents are aware with the topic and the number is increasing every year due to several efforts from the two sides, the community and the government. Despite of the efforts to increase community participation, there are obstacles at the grassroots level such misuse of public funds that reduce community participation. Based on field findings, the study recommends sufficient financial resources should be provided at the right time in development sector for quantity and quality projects, partnership between the government and other stakeholders such as NGOs and CSOs in increasing the situation.
The socio-economic impacts of tourism on the street children in urban Tanzania: a case study of Arusha municipality.
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Aloyce, Samwel M.
This study examines the socio-economic impacts of tourism on street children in urban Tanzania, taking a case study of Arusha Municipality. The specific objectives of the study, to provide an overview on growth of tourism and the increase of street children. The study sought to identify socio-economic impacts of tourism on the growth of the problem of street and finally to examine the effort being made by tourism, government and other stakeholder in helping or reduce the number and problem of street children To gain a rich understanding of the context of this study, a case study approach was employed in Arusha municipality to bring together perspectives from the grass-root level, where little research on this topic has been done; involvement of multiple stakeholders that explores perspectives from a range of stakeholders. The use of multiple methods (questionnaire, interviews, field observations, document analysis, and informal discussions) was used to collect data. Both quantitative and qualitative data generated from these techniques are analyzed, integrated and compared, and are used to complement each other. The study has briefly highlight that, children centers alone can barely work a miracle in reducing the increase of children on the streets of Tanzania particularly Arusha Municipal. They need government and public support to be able to tackle this situation effectively. In most cases the government and the public have left this situation to be mostly handled by only NGOs. Key findings from the study included that tourism precipitate the problem of street children, the socio-economic impacts on street children and the effort done by government NGOs, and Tourism industry. The study recommends that the government should open more centers for street children and support NGOs and CBOs to address the problem of street children being negatively impacted by tourism industry. Tourism industry cooperates with government, NGOs and Civil Societies to curb the problem of Street Children in Arusha Municipality.
Decentralized human resources management in urban local government in Tanzania: a case of Dodoma municipal council
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Mapesa, Zainab
The study focused on Decentralization of Human Resources Management at the Dodoma Municipal Council in Tanzania. The specific objectives of the study were to examine the extent of availability of human resources for performing the functions assigned to Dodoma Municipal Council, to assess the extent Dodoma Municipal Council is able to manage human resources and to examine the challenges facing human resources management therein. The cross-sectional study used both secondary and primary data. The sample consisted of 50 staffs, 10 Heads of Departments, six Human Resource Officers and one Mayor and one Municipal Executive Director. Data collection methods used were survey and interview. Tools used were questionnaire and interview guide. The findings of this research highlight that there is inadequate human resources for specific functions and duties assigned to the local government. Regarding the issue of human resources management, limited powers were assigned to the Dodoma Municipal Council for recruitment, promotion, rewarding, training development and discipline of majority of its employees. Rapid expansion of services and consequent mismatch between the number of personnel and the quantum of services to be delivered, lack of funds for staff training and lack of integration and team spirit among the employees, etc were some of the challenges. Training to all categories of employees, maintenance and regular updating of personnel records and efforts to build the spirit of teamwork, need to prepare the staffing plan for various functional departments in addition to the municipal council to ensure that adequate staffs are available for performing various functions assigned to the municipal council were some of the suggestions.
Factors contributing to single parenthood in Songea district, Tanzania.
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Mwaikwila, Davis A.
Single parenthood is not a new phenomenon in the world although in Africa it is relatively new as it has been increasing in stages. Before the 1980‘s there were very few single parents and marriage was crucial to adults and separation was not normal. From the 1990‘s to recent period the world had experienced globalization through economic liberalization, easy communication, fast information system and globalization of culture where many youth are adoptive to American (western) way of life and freedom. This freedom and economic liberalization have caused bigger gap between rich and poor and massive poverty to majority which contributes to single parenthood. This study investigated the factors for single parenthood in Songea District which include Songea Municipality and Songea Rural. The study assessed the factors which cause single parenthood, the problems that face single parents and children of single parents. The study population comprised of women and men of age 13 to 75 years. A total of 120 single parents were interviewed. The selection of 12 villages in 6 wards out of 26 wards was done through random sampling. The instrument used for data collection was mainly the questionnaires for literate and structured interviews for illiterate respondents. Snow ball sampling was used to select respondents starting with a few single parents who were telling about others whom they know; this helped the researcher to collect data up to 120 respondents. Village (and street) Executive Officers (VEO) took the researcher to the first few single parents in their areas, before these parents show their colleagues. Descriptive statistics including computer excel Tables and Charts were used for the analysis of data. The study have shown that there are different reasons for single parenthood including; widowhood, divorce, separation and adolescence pregnancies. Others are pre-marital sex and promise to marry then abandoned by the partner after getting pregnant. This behavior of cheating girls by promise of marrying them and cause pregnancies has been blamed by many single young mothers as the major factor for single parenting. Absolute poverty cause stress to single parents, the situation has negative impact to their children due to shortage of food, clothes, medical services, school fees and less socialization. Then low attainment to children in all aspects of life including education. It has been shown that single parents in Songea, however poor, do not need food aid, but they highly need requisites to agricultural production, affordable loans, support from distant parents of their child (ex-partners) and quite a number of them prefer to remarry! The findings then, implied that there is a need to establish supportive programs so that the families of single parents can be provided with all the necessities of life. It is also, recommended that a study about the contribution of drinking behavior and adultery in single parenthood should be carried all over the country to study the magnitude on how they cause of this problem.
Decentralisation by devolution in Tanzania: participation of local community in planning and delivering social services: a case study of Dodoma municipality
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Ikamba, Jane
This study was carried out in Dodoma Municipality. The objective of the study was to understand how local community participate in planning and delivering of social through decentralisation by devolution. A descriptive study with cross-sectional and non-experimental was used in order to assess the impact of the decentralization with a view to recommend improvements based on practical realities. Questionnaires, in-depth interviews and intensive documentary reviews were used for data collection purposes. The study provided a discussion on Decentralization-by-Devolution (D-by- D) in social services planning process in Tanzania a focus being in Dodoma Municipality in Dodoma region. The study provided findings on how grassroots level participated in preparing social service strategic plans and their implications towards solving socio-economic problems at grassroots level. The findings from Dodoma municipality revealed that although the government has done a commendable work in implementing D-by-D, the contribution in planning process at grassroots level is still minimal and ineffective. The mitaa residents were not participating fully in the social service planning process; rather they were involved in the implementation of the centrally made plans that did not consider their priorities. The study recommended to the government and other stakeholders to direct for efforts in involving local community in social service planning in accordance to their priorities.
An assessment of the capacity of civil society organizations in addressing the problems of most vulnerable children in Arusha municipality
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Isidor, Edith
This study assessed the capacity of CSOs in addressing the problems of Most Vulnerable Children in Arusha municipality. Four research objectives guided the study and these included; the determination the functions of CSOs dealing with MVC in Arusha municipality, assessment of the capacity of CSOs in managing and taking care of the MVC in Arusha municipality, examination of the efficiency of the methods used by CSOs in identifying MVC in Arusha municipality, and examination of the relationship between the CSOs and the surrounding community in Arusha municipality. Cross survey research designs was employed. The sample size was 92 respondents including 8 key informants making it 100 of total. The study used primary and secondary data. Data were collected through questionnaires, interview, observation and documentary review. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16.0 and the use of description was employed. The findings were interpreted and then presented in text form. The study revealed that the CSOs have the capacity in addressing the problem of MVC in Arusha municipality. Despite of the capacity of CSOs in addressing the MVC problem, the centers face so many challenges such as inadequate support from the government, increasing number of MVC which made the centers difficult to handle them. Also, centers face the problem of inadequate funds. The study concludes that the government should give full support to these centers to increase their service deliverance capacity.
The influence of risk behavior in the spread of HIV/AIDS amongst Zanzibar youth: a case study of urban district, Zanzibar
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Othman, Mwanajuma S.
This study on the Influence of Risk Behavior in the Spread of HIV/AIDS amongst Zanzibar Youth: A Case Study of Urban District, Zanzibar uses experiences of youth, parents, ex- drug and drug users in obtaining a broad picture on the influence of drugs to risk behaviors among youth in the Urban district. The purpose was primarily to examine the influence of drug risk behaviors that contribute to the spread of HIV/AIDS among the youth in the district. Thus the extent of drug use, the impact of drug trafficking and their contribution as a risk factor to spread of HIV and the initiatives being undertaken to reduce the problem were thoroughly examined and identified with the aim of seeking for lasting solution to the problem. To provide comprehensive results according to the nature of the study, a case study research design was used. Closed ended and open ended questionnaires, nonstructural observation, structured interviews and focus group discussion were used to collect data from 112 respondents in the Urban district of Zanzibar. The sample involved 52 community members where 21 were parents and 31 were youth. The remaining 60 sample was key respondents selected by combination of purposive and random sampling techniques. Data have been analyzed by descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and means using Statistical Package for Social Studies (SPSS) and Microsoft Office Excel. The study concluded that there is an increase number of youths who use drugs due to amongst other things the increased availability of drugs in the Urban district of Zanzibar. Drug risk behavior and sexual risk behavior are most likely to occur to drug users due to dependence and addictive properties of the drugs, that make them able to do anything in order to avoid withdrawal syndrome (Arosto) of the drugs. Peer pressure influenced by lack of awareness by youth on the effects of drugs and family reasons are the major factors contributes to youth engage into uses of drugs. Many risk behaviors involved that direct contribute to the spread of HIV/AIDS have been observed, and the majority of youth about 70% engage themselves in the use of drugs between the age group of 15 to 24 years, 25% between 10 to 14 years and 5% above age of 25 years. Male youth were more likely to engage in uses of drugs compared to females and females are more likely to engage in the sexual risk behaviors due to high rate of unemployment compared to males. The study provided sufficient evidence that community awareness, community collaboration with the police and strengthening of the existing laws will help control the supply and demand of drugs in the country. Awareness rising to youth, improved parent child communication as well as family support and efforts will prevent many youth to engage in the behavior and help out those who are already in and reduce the HIV prevalence among youth.
Public-private partnership in the provision of healthcare services in Tanzania- a case study of Kigoma municipal
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Kimali, Alphonce G.
Tanzania’s private sector is one of the most developed and dynamic in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the health sector where the leading causes of death are HIV/AIDS, acute respiratory infection (ARI), diarrheal diseases, and malaria (World Health Organization [WHO] 2004) the private commercial (for profit) sector and the not for-profit sector play critical roles in preventing and treating disease. Even among the poor, the private sector is an important source of care. For example, 47 percent of the poorest quintile of Tanzanian uses a private facility when a child is sick (Marek et al. 2005). In recognition of this important role, the Government of Tanzania has developed strategies to develop the private health sector in its Vision 2025 plan of the Ministry of health under partnership. Some of the key features of those plans include social health insurance to increase access to health care, a reduced role for the Ministry of Health in service delivery, more delegation of authority to provincial and district level, and promoting more public private partnerships (PPPs). The study was set out to assess the impact of public-private collaboration in the provision of Healthcare services in Tanzania. Despite that there has been a smooth relation between public and private generally like those involved in development, in the area of social services promotion there exists a lot of antagonistic relations. The study intended to assess the extent which public-private partnership has managed to provide healthcare service in Kigoma Tanzania. Primary data were obtained from the respondents as a result of administering questionnaires to the partnership officials, government officials, youth groups, religious leaders and normal citizens. Interview was conducted to obtain supplementary primary data that was not covered by administered questionnaires while reports were used to obtain secondary data. The findings showed that, there existed negative and positive impacts of partnership in healthcare provision. The study provides insights into how the partnerships originated, how they work, how the poor have been targeted, constraints and bottlenecks in the design, implementation and management of partnerships, and performance of these partnerships in reaching the targeted population. The paper argues that, if well designed and implemented in stages, PPP is an innovative mechanism that benefits the poor. It would be unfair to categories PPP as privatization or marketisation because most of the partnerships that are designed to deliver health services (not the ancillary services) are either civil society organizations or from the non-profit private sector.
The effectiveness of decentralization of secondary school teachers’ remunerations to local governments: a case study of Dodoma municipal council in Tanzania.
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Charles, Joseph
This is a study critically examined the decentralization of secondary school teachers‟ remuneration provision to the local government authorities in Tanzania by taking Dodoma Municipal as a case study. The main objective of the study was to explore the effectiveness and efficiency of decentralization towards the teachers‟ remuneration provision for education development. The study mainly adopted qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The methods employed in data collection include the use of interviews, questionnaire as well as documentary search, in which the documents involved were government reports on education development, journals, newspapers, books, research reports and other relevant articles about education. The study also involved 71 secondary school teachers and 10 heads of schools, staffs from Dodoma Municipal council including the DED, DEO, HR personnel and other stake holders. The key informants in this study were the secondary school teachers, The Dodoma municipal staffs and the District secretary for Teachers‟ Trade Union. Findings revealed that, following the contemporary decentralization of teachers‟ remuneration provision to the local governments in Tanzania, there has been a little improvement in access, quality and management of services especially those related to the teachers‟ remunerations provision. Based on study findings, the researcher recommends that the government should recruit the qualified workers as well as training those who are in service as a way to increase performance in service provision at Dodoma Municipal; to have an effective workers‟ re-categorization program so as to use the knowledge available at the municipal level effectively.
The linkages between producers and processors in improving tobacco production in Uyui district, Tabora region
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Nelson, Stanley
Tobacco producers and processors link in different aspects such as provision of tobacco seeds, extension services, construction and an improvement of curing barns, soft loans for farm implements like tractors and oxen. This study analyses the linkages between producers and processors in improving tobacco production in Uyui district, Tabora region. The study has shown that the interface has played a significant role in improving tobacco production in the district. The study took place in Uyui district because it had high tobacco production with a large number of tobacco farmers of all categories, i.e. those affiliated to primary cooperatives, farmers' associations and not belonging to any of these categories. The sample of the study was 85 of which 75 were tobacco farmers and 10 were tobacco officials. The study has used the cross-sectional design; both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. Stratified and purposive sampling procedures were also adopted to obtain the samples. However, the study has found that, there are many challenges that affect the contributions of the interface in improving tobacco production. The problems affect both the producers and processors in the tobacco production, consequently the sustainability of the linkages. The research has found out that, some tobacco farmers mix non-tobacco materials in tobacco bales supplied to processors, some sell tobacco to non-contracted buyers, there were an accumulated debts to some of the primary cooperatives societies, non- payment to some tobacco farmers and late supply of inputs amongst others. The challenges needed immediate solutions in order to sustain the interface between producers and processors and also to improve tobacco production.
Public-private partnership in provision of secondary education in Tanzania: a case of Mufindi district in Iringa
(The University of Dodoma, 2012) Muhumba, Stephen N.
This study was conducted in Mufindi District Council. The study assessed the contribution of Public-Private Participation in provision of Secondary Education in Mufindi District, in Iringa-Tanzania. Three research objectives guided the study which included the evaluation of the contribution of Public-Private Partnerships in education provision in secondary schools, assessment of the quality of education provided by PPP in secondary schools and examination of the factors affecting PPP in education provision. A cross section research designs was employed by the study. The sample size of 90 respondents including 10 key informants making it 100 of total were employed in the study. The study used primary and secondary data. Data were collected through questionnaires survey, interview and documentary review. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 16.0 the study provides insights into how the partnerships originated, how they work, how the poor have been targeted, constraints and bottlenecks in the design, implementation and management of partnerships, and performance of these partnerships in reaching the targeted population. The paper argues that, if well designed and implemented in stages, PPP is an innovative mechanism that benefits the poor. It would be unfair to categories PPP as privatisation or marketisation because most of the partnerships that are designed to deliver education services (not the ancillary services) are either civil society organizations or from the non-profit private sector. However, some arrangements involve the private for- profit sector in PPP. This paper highlights significant policy perspectives on public/private partnership in education sector. Operational issues in the context of equity, accessibility to the poor and the deprived groups are discussed. Collaboration with the private sector to provide education services to the poor has generated many challenges. These include the motives of the private sector, scope and objectives of partnership, policy and legal frameworks, benefits of such partnerships, technical and managerial capacity of governments and private agencies to manage and monitor such partnerships, incentives for the private sector, stakeholder’s perspectives towards partnership, and explicit benefits to the poor through such partnerships. Research evidence on these issues in Tanzania is scanty.

Browse

Browsing Master Dissertations by Issue Date

Results Per Page

Sort Options