Journal Articles

Permanent URI for this collection

http://192.168.18.118:4000/handle/20.500.12661/4075

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 243

A comparative analysis of the application of seasonal ARIMA and exponential smoothing methods in short run forecasting tourist arrivals in Tanzania
(IISTE, 2017) Lwesya, Francis; Kibambila, Vicent
This paper compared the performance of two forecasting models (Seasonal ARIMA and Exponential smoothing) in an attempt to identify the model that fits properly in forecasting tourist arrivals in a dynamic tourism industry in Tanzania. A two-staged approach to forecasting was carried out using monthly data for the period of 2000 to 2009. The models were assessed in similarly structured setting at the outset, and then best models identified at this level were compared in a differently structured setting. The results show that Seasonal ARIMA(4,1,4)(3,1,4)12 and Holt-Winters multiplicative smoothing method are effective in forecasting tourist arrivals in Tanzania in a similarly structured setting. However, when the two models were compared under different structures, the performance of Holt-Winters multiplicative smoothing method outstripped that of Seasonal ARIMA(4,1,4)(3,1,4)12. This suggests that Holt-Winters multiplicative smoothing method with Alpha (0.01), Delta (0.11) and Gamma (0.11) is more effective in forecasting tourist arrivals in Tanzania in the short run and it can be used to aid planning processes in the tourism industry. Moreover, the seasonality pattern that characterizes tourist arrivals in Tanzania highlights the need to promote more of local tourism so as to lessen the negative impacts associated with it.
A perceived usefulness of entrepreneurship education as a marketing model for students’ choice of universities: Does the electronic word of mouth matter?
(Emerald, 2024-02-02) Ismail, Ismail J.
Purpose The current research aims at investigating the mediating effect of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on the link between entrepreneurial education and choice of the university among students. The main focus of this paper is that when entrepreneurial education is properly implemented at universities, it leads to several positive outcomes such as positive eWOM. Therefore, if the entrepreneurial education is used as a marketing model, it can be considered as the innovative model for attracting more students. By implementing this model, the university can enhance its approach to cultivating a positive image, potentially leading to increased student enrollments. Design/methodology/approach The study used a sample of 483 undergraduate students in different universities. As well, it used a structured questionnaire during the data collection. Additionally, the study used partial least squares (PLS-SEM) in analyzing direct and indirect relationships. Findings The findings of this study suggest that entrepreneurial education and eWOM are critical factors for student selection to the universities. This is because eWOM significant mediates the link between entrepreneurial education and university choice. Research limitations/implications This study used cross-sectional design. Therefore, future research can use a longitudinal design in examining the link between independent and dependent variables so as to look into the changes over time. Practical implications The study presents potential strategies that universities can employ to market their programs more effectively. By strengthening their entrepreneurial education initiatives, universities can enhance their reputation and create positive eWOM, which can lead to higher enrollments. Originality/value This study offers innovative marketing approaches for universities and their programs. Instead of heavily investing in advertising, the study suggests that strengthening entrepreneurial education initiatives can be a more effective marketing strategy. The findings suggest that a positive reputation generated by strong entrepreneurial education initiatives can lead to positive eWOM, which, in turn, influences university selection. Therefore, universities can consider enhancing their entrepreneurial education offerings to attract more prospective students. The study also highlights the notion that quality speaks for itself, while a lack of quality requires advertising
A perceived usefulness of entrepreneurship education as a marketing model for students’ choice of universities: Does the electronic word of mouth matter?
(Emerald, 2024) Ismail, Ismail J
The current research aims at investigating the mediating effect of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on the link between entrepreneurial education and choice of the university among students. The main focus of this paper is that when entrepreneurial education is properly-implemented at universities, it leads to several positive outcomes such as positive eWOM. Therefore, if the entrepreneurial education is used as a marketing model, it can be considered as the innovative model for attracting more students. By implementing this model, the university can enhance its approach to cultivating a positive image, potentially leading to increased student enrollments.
A review of the forms, rationale, and challenges of supplier development in public procurement: lessons for public buyers in Tanzania
(The Future University, 2021) Changalima, I. A.; Ismail, I. J.; Mchopa, A. D
This article synthesizes current insights into supplier management practices that professional buyers can apply in the public procurement context. Specifcally, it discusses the practices, rationale, and challenges associated with implementing supplier development as an important activity within supplier management practices. Drawing from the literature, the main arguments are on the applicability of indirect supplier development practices in the public procurement context. Therefore, it is concluded that public buyers can consider applying these practices in public organizations. However, caution should be exercised regarding the legal and regulatory structure that governs the country’s public procurement system. It further recommends empirical studies to be done on supplier development practices for local suppliers in specifc public procurement projects.
A Study of the nature of morpho-syntactic errors in Tanzanian English language classrooms
(The University of Dodoma, 2013) Sebonde, Rafiki Yohana; Biseko, John Misana
This paper is designed to examine issues related to the nature of morpho-syntactic errors among secondary school students in Tanzanian English Language Classrooms particularly in the Dodoma region. Documentation was a research technique used to collect written morpho-syntactic errors from students’ exercise books while classroom observation technique was employed to collect data related to spoken students’ morpho-syntactic errors. The study revealed seven morpho-syntactic errors among the students including: errors related to wrong use of verbs, subordination and coordination errors, pronoun errors, preposition errors, double subject marking errors, determiner errors and plural formation errors.
A theoretical framework for simulating systemic risk and its application to analysis of the banking system
(Informa UK Limited, 2021) Keregero, Chirongo M.; David McMillan
Risk of basic defaults and contagious defaults are two main sources of bank systemic risk. In this paper, a theoretical framework is proposed to classify the time evolution of the basic defaults and contagious defaults using sequences of daily financial data. The new theoretical framework combines an existing asset value estimation algorithm and obligation clearing algorithm to calculate the time evolution of systemic risk. The asset value estimation algorithm is used to estimate the asset values of the banks each day and the obligation clearing algorithm is used to calculate systemic risk given the tuples of data each day. This framework is applied to assess the systemic risk of the Nigerian banking system between 2008 and 2014 when the economy was hit by the financial meltdown. The main findings depict that the risk of the basic defaults was high during this period while contagious default seldom appeared. It is also found that the Nigerian banking system was more stable in 2010 and 2012 than in other years, while it was seriously unstable in 2008, 2011, and 2014. The findings would assist in monitoring systemic risk in the Nigerian banking system.
Accounting for environmental resources in Tanzania: A theoretical review
(IARIW-TNBS, 2022) Bilame, Odass
This paper has gone a long way to shedding light on how Tanzania accounts for environmental/natural resources destruction in the calculation of the national income or GDP with a view to avoiding an ecological/biodiversity bankruptcy and in so doing attaining greener economic growth. Green growth is nothing more than growth that improves the welfare of both current and future generations and that acknowledges the social costs and benefits of growth and its distributional implications in both the short and the long run. To say the least, Tanzania has not been taking into account environmental/natural resource destruction in the calculation of the national income. Economic growth that has been sustained by Tanzania has not been green growth, since it has been attained at the expense of environment/natural resources destruction, for which, no deductions of the cost to the environmental resources have not been made. Failure to account properly for the natural resource destruction that occurs in the process of national income generation makes the GNP unrealistic. Under such a scenario where omissions of environmental destruction in the calculation of the national income make the country an ecological bankrupt, even if its GDP may be rising is unrealistic
Adoption discrepancies Of activity-based costing among the manufacturing Smes In the developed and developing countries: empirical literature review
(International Journal Publishing House, 2020) Molela, Godfrey F.; Ismail, Ismail J.
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) constitute a very valuable component of economic enhancement framework that contributes significantly to countries’ GDP in the world. The financial performance of these enterprises have inarguably become of paramount importance for their survival and growth. Adopting the activity-based costing (ABC) system is among the strategic moves that SMEs are urged to take, in order to reduce their operational costs and boosting the profit at the same time. Nevertheless, the rates of adoption were reported in the previous studies to be low in both the developed and developing countries. This study assessed the effect of individual factors that caused the adoption discrepancies in the two geographical environments. The use of two-sample test statistic on analyzing the mean score data from twenty (20) empirical studies revealed that, there were no significant differences imposed by the system advantage, complexity, compatibility, knowledge, management support, implementation cost and perception on SMEs’ decisions to adopt the ABC system, in both the developed and developing countries.
Adoption discrepancies of activity-based costing among the manufacturing SMEs in the developed and developing countries: empirical literature review
(International Journal Publishing House, 2020) Ismail, I. J.; Molela, G. F.
Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) constitute a very valuable component of economic enhancement framework that contributes significantly to countries’ GDP in the world. The financial performance of these enterprises have inarguably become of paramount importance for their survival and growth. Adopting the activity-based costing (ABC) system is among the strategic moves that SMEs are urged to take, in order to reduce their operational costs and boosting the profit at the same time. Nevertheless, the rates of adoption were reported in the previous studies to be low in both the developed and developing countries. This study assessed the effect of individual factors that caused the adoption discrepancies in the two geographical environments. The use of two-sample test statistic on analyzing the mean score data from twenty (20) empirical studies revealed that, there were no significant differences imposed by the system advantage, complexity, compatibility, knowledge, management support, implementation cost and perception on SMEs’ decisions to adopt the ABC system, in both the developed and developing countries.
Agri-food value chains upgrading strategies choices: A participatory smallholder farmer centred approach
(Trans-SEC, 2015) Mwinuka, Lutengano; Mutabazi, Khamaldin Daud; Graef, Frieder; Maeda, Claude; Makoko, Bashir; Swai, Elirehema
Participatory situation analysis of existing food value chains (FVCs) has been done by screening and identifying most important commodity FVCs in the target Case Study Sites (CSS). This helps identifying constraints and potential food securing upgrading strategies, and linking food insecure households to the market. The upgrading strategies selected would then be adapted to the local needs of food insecure households for sustainably improve their livelihoods.
Agriculture supply chain challenges and smallholder maize farmers’ market participation decisions in Tanzania
(The Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), 2022) Changalima, I. A.; Ismail, I. J.
This paper analyses the supply chain-related challenges affecting smallholder maize farmers’ market participation decisions in Tanzania. The research design adopted for this study was cross sectional in nature. The data was gathered from 633 smallholder maize farmers from six villages in Dodoma, Tanzania, using structured questionnaires, and the results were analysed using a probit model. Findings revealed that all supply chain-related challenges were significantly related to market participation decisions. Specifically, nine supply chain-related challenges were discovered to have a positive relationship with a decision that smallholder maize farmers make on market participation, including transportation facilities, road conditions, market prices, access to market information, quality of maize, access to inputs, storage facilities, household size, and farm size, while two challenges, market distance and transportation costs, were found to have a negative relationship. Based on this, it was concluded that agriculture supply chain challenges affect market participation decisions of smallholder maize farmers in Tanzania. Therefore, agriculture supply chain-related challenges need to be controlled to enhance the market participation of smallholder maize farmers for them to realise the participation benefits.
An assessment of over-indebtedness among microfinance institutions’ borrowers: the Tanzanian perspective
(Informa UK Limited, 2021-01-01) Kasoga, Pendo Shukrani; Tegambwage, Amani Gration; Tamer Elshandidy
The introduction of microfinance institutions is viewed as the best alter native source of financial services for low-income earners as a means to raise their income and reduce poverty. However, empirical research has indicated that the majority of microfinance institutions’ borrowers are over-indebted. Over indebtedness has negative consequences for debtors, creditors, and for the economy as a whole. Since over-indebtedness is a context-specific phenomenon, it lacks universally accepted indicators. This study aims to validate indicators of over indebtedness and examine the situation of over-indebtedness among micro borrowers in the context of Tanzania. A survey of 535 micro-borrowers was con ducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive, thematic, and logistic regression techniques were employed for data analysis. Findings show that debt-to income ratio, multiple borrowing, and delinquency have a positive and significant effect on over-indebtedness. Further, findings indicate that over-indebted micro borrowers in Tanzania spend 75% or more of monthly income on servicing debts; are in the state of delinquency; are unable to meet basic needs due to loan repayment expenditure, have three or more credit commitments, and are in delin quency. To reduce over-indebtedness and hence poverty among micro-borrowers,
Analysis into the factors influencing the level of small scale household farmers’ off-farm income amongst the grape farmers in Dodoma Tanzania
(Medha Innovation & Development (M.I.D), 2014) Christopher, Lema Nicodemas
The grant aim of this study was to assess the various factors that determine the level of small scale household farmers’ off farm income amongst grape farmers in Dodoma. The study applied the Tobit econometric technique in investigating the factors that may explain the households’ decision on whether or not to participate in various off-farm income generating activities, using household data collected from grape farmers in Dodoma. Due to its failure in specification tests, the study employed the use of Censored Least Absolute Deviation estimator (CLAD) which is robust to heteroscedasticity and nonmorality specification problems facing the normal maximum likelihood estimations such as that of Tobit. The results indicated that the level of income amongst small scale households’ farmers from various off-farm income generating activities is significantly influenced by asset endowments where by financial assets, human capital assets and physical assets are the main assets influencing the decision where by human capital assets were the main determinants. The study went further into proposing policy interventions which includes awareness campaign for off-farm work, revisiting land ownership policies, provision of loans to farmers, availability of sustainable markets, effective implementation of Kilimo Kwanza policy and improved rural infrastructure.
Analysis of the relationship between managerial competences and the performance of procurement management units in public sector: the structural equation modelling approach
(International Journal of Innovative Research & Development (GlobeEdu), 2019) Ismail A. Changalima; Ismail J. Ismail
Despite the importance of procurement management units in public procuring entities in Tanzania in terms of procurement functions conducted, the performance of this function is still poor and ineffective. This study focused on the analysis of the relationship of managerial competences in terms of managerial skills on the performance of procurement management unit in public procuring entities located in Dar es salaam and Dodoma regions. The structural equation model was used to explain the existing relationship between managerial competences (technical skills, communication skills, leadership skills, business skills and networking skills ) on the performance of procurement management unit (cost reduction, timely delivery and compliance of procurement rules and regulations. Results revealed that networking skills and leadership skills are significantly related to cost reduction, timely delivery and compliance of rules and regulations. Therefore, these are the key determinants of the performance of procurement management unit in public sectors. However, technical skills, business skills and communications skills are also significant related to cost reduction in public procuring entities whereby, communication skills are significantly related to timely delivery as the indicator of procurement performance in public procuring entities. Finally it was recommended that procurement and supplies managers should be well equipped with these managerial skills so as to improve the performance of procurement management units in terms of the conducted procurement functions in their respective public procuring entities in Tanzania.
Animal health constraints perceived to be important in Kilosa and Gairo Districts, Morogoro, Tanzania: Implications on disease prevention and control
(2013) Karimuribo, E. D.; Kimbita, E. N.; Silayo, R. S.; Mgongo, F. O. K.; Mpanduji, D. G.; Wambura, R. M.; Batamuzi, E. K.; Matiko, M. K.; Massawe, L. B.; Sendalo, D.; Mwakalobo, A. B.; Rich, K.
A study was carried out in Kilosa and Gairo districts to identify and characterize animal health constraints as perceived by stakeholders in the beef and milk value chains. A combination of methods was used to collect data, namely, mapping of value chain actors and baseline survey. The baseline survey involved 220 households drawn from 33 villages and 22 wards. Using a structured questionnaire, households were visited to assess awareness and experience of livestock diseases based on observation of clinical cases prevalent in cattle herds. Prevalent diseases as reported by the respondents were East Coast fever (ECF; 88.1%), anaplasmosis (78.0%), heartwater (75.8%) and babesiosis (64.0%). Other animal health problems reported were contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP; 92.6%), calf diarrhoeas (79.9%), trypanosomosis (66.7%), brucellosis (65.3%) and mastitis (60.1%). Further inquiry revealed that health problems perceived to be the most important, in declining order, were: ECF, trypanosomosis, anaplasmosis, heartwater, calf diarrhoea, brucellosis and babesiosis. With regard to routine disease control activities, all respondents reported to apply acaricides to control ticks while 90% reported deworming their animals regularly. Although acaricide application was reported to be carried out, tick-borne diseases (TBDs) were still prevalent in the study area. These finding suggest that the current control measures against infectious diseases are ineffective. There is, therefore, a need to have in-depth evaluation of existing disease prevention and control options so that corrective measures can be applied to reverse the situation, which will ensure reduction of morbidities and mortalities associated with infectious diseases. This will contribute to improved livelihoods of pastoral and agro-pastoral farmers predominant in Kilosa and Gairo districts.
Antecedents of customer loyalty in Islamic banking: evidence from Tanzania
(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2021) Tegambwage, Amani Gration; Kasoga, Pendo Shukrani
Purpose – This study aims to examine the association between relationship quality, service quality, customer satisfaction, switching barriers and Islamic banking customer loyalty using evidence from Tanzania. Design/methodology/approach – This study used correlational research design to test the hypotheses. Completed questionnaires were received from 572 Islamic bank customers in three major cities of Tanzania (Dar es Salaam, Dodoma and Zanzibar). Findings – There is a significant positive relationship between relationship quality, service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Switching barriers have an insignificant effect on customer loyalty. Further, the four antecedents contribute differentially to customer loyalty, with service quality having the most significant contribution. Practical implications – The findings of the study can help managers of Islamic banks build and maintain customer loyalty through high service quality, high customer satisfaction and high-quality bank–customer relationships and attain a competitive advantage that would enable Islamic banks to grow and succeed in a competitive banking environment. Originality/value – This study provides new insights on Islamic banking consumer loyalty by comparing the levels of contributions of the customer loyalty antecedents in a single study. This knowledge would enable Islamic banks to identify antecedents that have the highest contribution to customer loyalty and where best to target marketing attention and limited corporate resources.
Application of ARIMA models in forecasting livestock products consumption in Tanzania
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS, 2019) Mgaya, Joseph Frank
Poverty is a major problem Tanzania is facing, which depends on agriculture as the main economic activity. Different stakeholders have involved themselves in boosting agricultural productivity, especially in semiarid regions, where their main focus is on drought tolerant crops such as sorghum and millet. If this support is not linked with market opportunities, commodity prices may be depressed and discourage farmers. This paper determines prospect for increasing utilization of animal feed as the market opportunity for farmer by forecast consumption of livestock product such as eggs, milk, chicken and cow meat. Autoregressive integrated moving average models were used for forecasting with the data from FAOSTAT. The result shows that consumption of all livestock products will increase, hence expected demand for animal feed. This paper calls for more research works in analyzing factors that may affect consumption of livestock products such as population increase and change of consumption behavior toward livestock products.
The application of macroprudential capital requirements in managing systemic risk
(Hindawi, 2018) Fan, Hong; Keregero, Chirongo Moses; Gao, Qianqian
When setting banks regulatory capital requirement based on their contribution to the overall risk of the banking system we need to consider that the risk of the banking system as well as each banks risk contribution changes once bank equity capital gets redistributed. Terefore the present paper provides a theoretical framework to manage the systemic risk of the banking system in Nigeria based on macroprudential capital requirements, which requires banks to hold capital that is proportional to their contribution to systemic risk. Using a sample of 10 Nigerian banks, we reallocate capital in the system based on two scenarios;firstly in the situation where the system shocks do not exist in the system, we fnd that almost all banks appear to hold more capital; secondly, we also consider the situation where the system shocks exist in the system; we fnd that almost all banks tend to hold little capital on four risk allocation mechanisms. We further fnd that despite the heterogeneity in macroprudential capital requirements, all risk allocation mechanisms bring a substantial decrease in the systemic risk. Te risk allocation mechanism based on ΔCoVaR decreases the average default probability the most. Our results suggest that fnancial stability can be substantially improved by implementing macroprudential regulations for the banking system
Assessing financial distress for listed manufacturing industries in Tanzania
(2016) Kasoga, Pendo N. S.; Kasika, Kajale Joel
Following independence in 1961 the government of Tanzania invested heavily in Tanzania’s manufacturing sector allowing the sector to grow smoothly. Despite improvement in macro-economic stability in the 2000s, the performance of Tanzania’s manufacturing sector remains unimpressive. Manufacturing industries have received widespread public attention especially after Altman (1968) developed a Z-score model of measuring financial distress of the firms. However, most of the researches have been carried out in industrially developed countries and very few studies have been conducted in developing countries.To address these challenges, a study was conducted from all listed domestic manufacturing industries in Tanzania in order to assess their financial health. The data were captured from Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) annual financial statements covered a five years period, from 2010-2014. The data were analyzed using Altman’s Z-scores (1983). The findings have shown that two manufacturing firms out of six are not financially good and their Z-scores predict that they are likely to be bankruptcy. The Z-score for the other four firms predict that they are non-bankruptcy suggesting that their financial healthy are good. The findings of this study provide warning signal to managers of the firms to make remedial actions before it is too late. It also provide signal to investors to take early precaution before the situation become worse. It is recommended that it is better for the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchanges to use the signals from our findings to control the targeted firms and suggest solutions to them.
An assessment of spatial integration for major wholesale rice markets in Tanzania
(Greener Journals, 2016) Lwesya, Francis
The study explored the extent of market integration in six selected rice markets of Tanzania, these include one major consumption market, three surplus and two deficit markets using monthly wholesale price data from January 2004 to December 2012. The data were analyzed using Johansen co-integration and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The study reveals that in the long run, the markets are co-integrated. There exist four bidirectional causal relationships and eleven unidirectional relationships among markets. Dar-Es-Salaam, a major consumption market has bidirectional granger causality with Mtwara which is a deficit market and recorded a unidirectional relationship with the rest markets. Other pairs of markets with bidirectional relationships among them are Mbeya-Mtwara; Morogoro-Dodoma and Dodoma- Shinyanga. The result of VECM is significant and negative and the rate at which VECM restores deviation from equilibrium is at 60 percent which is slightly higher. The impulse response function results show that if one standard error shock is imposed to a market, its effects dissipate between two to six months. In terms of the forecast error variance decomposition (FEVD), the results show that the predominant sources of price fluctuations across markets are largely due to own shocks and Dar-es-salaam market, to a very small degree, shocks are coming from the rest markets. This implies that Dar-es-salaam market as a major consumption market influences the price behavior of rice markets in Tanzania and can be used to predict future prices. Based on these study findings, the government can use market-based policies for food security since rice markets are integrated so that the effect of policy intervention in one market would be transmitted to other markets.

Browse

Browsing Journal Articles by Title

Results Per Page

Sort Options