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Item Small-holder farmers’ perceptions of the impacts of climate change on maize crop in Dodoma, Tanzania(Department of Geography and Resource Development, 2023) Temba, Augustino Nazar; Said, Mohamed KhamisFarmers have different perceptions of the impacts of climate change. This study examined smallholder farmers’ perceptions of the impacts of climate change on maize crops in Dodoma, Tanzania. A total of 216 household heads were involved in this study. The study used a cross-sectional design, where structured interview, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. It was found that 69% of respondents perceived that climate change strongly has changed significantly over the last three decades. About 50.5% and 51.9% of the respondents highly agreed that climate change has contributed to the increase of weeds and pests or/and insects attack on the maize crops, respectively. The findings further revealed that age, farmland ownership, income, and education level of the small-holder farmers had a significant association with the perception of the impacts of climate change among smallholder farmers of maize at P<0.050. The study concludes that small-holder farmers’ perceptions of the impacts of climate change on maize crop are determined by their socio-economic and demographic factors. Thus, it is recommended that smallholder farmers should be provided with the sufficient knowledge of the impacts of climate change on maize crop so that they can have a proper understanding of the impacts of climate change and variability of maize crop. The farmers could use that knowledge to improve productivity.Item Women’s representation in Tanzania LGAs: Achievements and limitations(Tanzanian Institutes of Development Studies, 2023) Makalanga, Lily B.The representation of women in decision-making processes is a widely discussed topic in both developed and developing countries since it is a crucial prerequisite for achieving gender equality. However, the representation of women in politics is marked by both achievements and limitations, which are experienced differently by women as compared to their male counterparts. Tanzania, being a developing country, faces a similar situation. Despite the government’s efforts to implement international, regional, and national instruments that promote equal representation of men and women in politics, the current state of affairs is still of concern. To understand the achievements and limitations faced by women in politics, questionnaires were employed, using the urban and rural local government authorities in Dodoma Region as a case study. The study surveyed 390 household heads, and the findings revealed that the quota system, character of political parties, electoral procedures, poor gender relations between men and women, and the financial positions of women: all are the factors that contribute to the success and challenges experienced by women local representatives in local politics. In conclusion, the government needs to address the challenges faced by women in local politics by taking such steps as improving gender relations, electoral procedures, and financial positions of women. Also, political parties have a role to play in ensuring that women are represented equally in decision-making processes.Item The determinants of rural women's decision-making on adopting improved cook-stoves to diversify livelihood strategies in Busega District, Tanzania(Tanzanian Institutes of Development Studies, 2023) Ngusa, Debora AndewThis article examines the determinants influencing the decision-making process of rural women in Busega District, Tanzania, regarding the adoption of improved cook-stoves and livelihood strategies diversification. The sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA) was adopted to explain key variables of the study. A crosssectional research design was applied to collect data from 210 rural women through a household survey. Findings show that 71.43% of the respondents preferred to use improved cook-stoves, but only 23.33% managed to adopt them; while 28.57% showed disinterest due to past accidents of kerosine stove explosions (mindsets). Price fluctuation (seasonality) emerged as the primary determinant affecting the decision to adopt improved cook-stoves; acknowledged by 96.19% of the rural women. A t-test (p-value 0.00 at p-value 0.05) analysis revealed a significant difference in food preparation hours between women with and without improved cook-stoves, indicating their positive impact. Moreover, excessive time spent on gathering firewood and cooking hindered 76.67% of rural women from effective participation in livelihood strategies diversification. In conclusion, mindsets and seasonality were the key determinants influencing rural women’s decisions on adopting improved cook-stoves. The article recommends for community development officers to empower rural women and address these determinants to facilitate informed decision-making on the adoption of improved cook-stoves to save time for livelihood strategies diversification.Item Deconstructing reality: A postmodern analysis of the concept of truth(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Muhamba, D.; Francis, Boniphace S.This article presents a postmodern analysis of the concept of truth, deconstructing reality by firstly tracing the historical development of the concept in different philosophical epochs and then highlighting the role of language, power, and cultural context in shaping our understanding of truth. The postmodernist rejection of absolute truth and emphasis on the relativity of truth is discussed, along with the influence of language on truth and the role of power in defining what is considered to be true. The article also examines the postmodernist critique of science and its emphasis on situating scientific knowledge within a particular cultural and historical context. Unlike previous scholarly works, the paper argues that, the postmodernist analysis of truth challenges traditional notions of objective reality and underscores the importance of context and perspective in shaping our understanding of truth.Item A syntactico-semantic analysis of possessive constructions in Kisubi(University of Dar es Salaam, 2019) Rwakakindo, I. D.; Mreta, A. Y.This paper intends to explore the way in which possessive constructions in Kisubi can be categorised and examine the extent to which semantic line between the established possessive categories is clearly demarcated. The study is guided by the prototype theory and it is confined to the nominal possessive constructions. It adopted a qualitative approach. Data were collected from six (6) participants who were snowballingly selected from three wards in Biharamulo District. The data were collected using structured interview, introspection and focus group discussion (FGD). Content analysis technique and interlinear glossing approach were used for data analysis. The Prototype Theory was mainly used in categorising possessive constructions. The findings indicate that possessive constructions fall into two broad categories, namely typical and less typical. Typical possessive constructions (TPCs), also known as alienable possessive constructions, display actual/canonical possession. Less typical possessive constructions (LTPCs) on the other hand can be divided into two categories: firstly, inalienable possessive constructions, which essentially display socio-cultural possession; and secondly, neither alienable-nor-inalienable possessive constructions. The latter category has three aspects: generic possessive constructions, part-whole-like possessive constructions and other-relations possessive constructions. The findings of the study demonstrate that there is a thin line between alienable and inalienable possessive constructions: the semantic features of both categories tend to overlap in some occurrences.Item Refugees integration and national security risks in Tanzania: a case of Katumba old settlement(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Laurent, Adventina K.; Ndumbaro, LTanzania integrated 162,156 refugees in 2010, but integration risks to national security have not been given sufficient attention. This paper examines the national security risks of integrating refugees. The study adopted a case study design mixing both qualitative and quantitative methods. It drew data from 31 key informants and a sample of 397 integrated refugees and native Tanzanians in Katumba Old Settlement. The study found that integrated refugees engage in criminal activities that pose significant national security risks to both Tanzania and their country of origin. Such activities include illegal possession and proliferation of firearms and military weapons and supporting conflicts in their country of origin. It concludes that, such activities are likely to trigger diplomatic tensions and increase the costs of countering armed crime and extreme violence in the country. The study recommends a re-evaluation of the refugee integration strategy. This may include re-evaluating the current approach to refugee integration, improving security models and resettlement plans and implementing cultural integration strategies.Item Contested community participation in the governance of marine resources in the Mafia island marine park, Tanzania: a political chicanery(The University of Dodoma, 2023) Nelson M. IshengomaIt is almost two and half decades since the government of Tanzania established the Mafia Island Marine Park. Guided by the principle of participatory resource governance, this significant socio-economic move was expected to promote sustainable marine resource use and conserve ecosystem processes and biodiversity. However, this is contrary to what is befalling today. This qualitative study sought to examine how this cardinal governance rule was applied during the establishment of the park and how the nature of its execution could have a bearing on the current exhaustion and destructive course. The study used focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, life histories, and observations to collect data. Both, manual content analysis and software-aided qualitative data analysis (Nvivo—12) were applied to gain a sense of the data. The findings of the study indicate that the current unsustainable marine resource practices in the park are, in some measure, a result of inconsiderate, poor, and disingenuous participation exercised during and after the inception of the park in 1995. The study recommends a democratically genuine participatory process in which the most affected, collectively or individually, actively decide on the course of action to address their genuine concerns.Item Psychoanalytic Interpretation of Marina's Character in Kyomuhendo's Secrets No More.(University of Dar es salaam, 2019) Masele, E.J.; Kisweka, D.M.Based on the assumption that characters in a literary text are true representations of human beings, this paper intends to interpret Kyomuhendo's characterization of Marina in Secrets No More, applying psychoanalytic theory thereby, authenticating Freud's concept of personality in the understanding of characters' deeds in the novel. Taking into consideration that Freud's psychoanalysis is a wide and complex theory, this paper focuses on the basics of 'Id', 'Ego' and 'Super-ego' as modes of interpretation to evaluate the effectiveness of the theory in providing a deeper understanding of a character's personality and meaningful interpretation of a text. In the same context, Freud's psychoanalysis is also linked up with the literary trauma theory in the discussion of characters' behaviours, particularly those associated with tragic events and memories of the past. The study reveals that Freud's psychoanalysis and traumatic theories, as employed in Kyomuhendo's Secrets No More, demonstrate plainly the achievement of the theories in generating knowledge about characters in literary works. Also, through psychoanalysis and traumatic theories, the study proves the role of characters in literary works on conditioning acceptable behaviour patterns in a society.Item Exploring Gender Relations in Sukuma Oral Poetry: A Thematic Comparative Study(University of Dar es salaam, 2020) Masele, E.J.This paper attempts to capture gender relations in Sukuma oral poetry. The paper is designed to answer two questions: How does Sukuma oral poetry illustrate gender relations among the Sukuma? In what ways Sukuma oral poetry sung by men differ from those sung by women in representing gender issues? The paper is a qualitative content study, which involved document analysis in the collection of data. Sukuma oral poetry was analysed by using Thematic Coding Analysis (TCA) and interpreted by using Third World Feminism Theory. The study found Sukuma oral poetry noticeably distinctive in highlighting the problems of inequality among people in this community. Each gender group in a society illustrates its position in its oral poetry. The paper recommends harmonization of relationship between genders as one of the corrective measures to be undertaken by the responsible authorities.Item Book review: Mabepari wa bongo(Kioo cha Lugha, 2014) Masele, E.J.Mabepari wa Bongo (2007) written by Frown. P. Nyoni, perfectly captures what this literary work embodies. It is a play that reflects a higher degree of corruption in the country. Through this endeavors of touching on thematic expression, the play attempts to reveal the government leaders’ irresponsibility which surrounds most of the African countries. In most cases, the leaders use globalization as a scapegoat to justify their bad deeds to the masses.Item Farmer Tree Nurseries as a Catalytst for Developing Sustainable best Management Land Use Practices in the Nile River Basin: Case Studies from East Africa(LARS, 2007) Shisanya, C.A.; Tenge, A.; Kalumuna, M.Support to farmer nurseries is classified as either “hard” referring to material inputs (tree seed, water, tools and fencing) or “soft” (information, training and backstopping advice). Against a background of poor services for smallholder farmers in the Lake Victoria basin, it was hypothesized that a number of support agents operating at the grassroot level together with farmers themselves provide the different support functions needed in the establishment of farmer tree nurseries. Through financial support from Inter-University Council of East Africa coordinated VicReS Project, a collaborative project involving Kenyatta University (Kenya), Kenya Agricultural Research Institute and Mulingano Agricultural Research Institute (Tanzania) has been able to initiate reforestation/afforestation activities in Lake Victoria catchments ecosystems of western Kenya and western Tanzania. Through the initial activities, a total of twenty four (24) farmer groups have been identified in western Kenya and supported through capacity building and supply of basic inputs for tree nursery seed bed preparation and management. The groups have been able to set up tree nurseries and are now managing seed beds with a total of 450,000 agro-forestry seedlings, mainly Grevillea robusta and Casuarina spp. The farmers intend to distribute the seedling among the members for planting on farm boundaries, around homesteads, and woodlots within the homesteads and sell the surplus. Preliminary findings show that there is an urgent need to facilitate grassroot level support systems with larger participation from the national extension service for provision of training and backstopping advice. Strengthening the human capital of farmers and service providers emerges as critical in increasing impact. Farmer nurseries are shown to play a number of important and interrelated functions in building natural, human and social capital. Monitoring and evaluating farmer nurseries in catalysing these three functions should therefore receive proper attention in assessing the impact of sustainable land use systems. Policies need to be well articulated to address some of the major constrains identified in the Lake Victoria catchments ecosystem.Item The status of ethnic community language (s) within the endogamous and exogamous families in urban centers of Tanzania(College of Business Education, 2018) Masinde, Y.N.; Mtallo, G.R.This article dealt specifically with the status of Ethnic Community Languages (ECLs) within the endogamous and exogamous families especially in the aspect of use in the families living in urban centers. The study aimed at looking how these two groups of families communicate to each other especially under the concept of language choice. The respondents were obtained by using purposive sampling and the target populations were the workers in four higher learning institutions in Dodoma Municipality. Instruments for data collections were questionnaire and interview. The major findings of this study were; in the context of language use, both families use Kiswahili in their daily conversation, endogamous families use Kiswahili almost in all contexts except in few occasions, and Swahili language is being transmitted to their children in both families. Also it was observed that even when couples meet and speak with parents and people who speak the same language, they still resort to the use of Swahili instead of their ECLs. Also couples, whether from endogamous or exogamous families are no longer interested in using ethnic community languages in their families. There are only few occasions i.e. in greetings with their children, especially in the endogamous families where couples use ethnic languages. So the study concluded that, there were no major perceived differences between endogamous and exogamous families in terms of language use. This means that endogamous families, where husband and wife speak the same ethnic language, still use Kiswahili at home in all conversations. In the exogamous families as well, where the husband and wife speak different ethnic language, they also resort to Kiswahili as a language of daily communication. As a general picture of this study, it can be concluded that the status of ethnic community languages especially in the families living in urban centers are in the verge of extinction of their daily use as well as being transmitted to their children. It may not necessarily be true that couples who speak the same language may use the same at home during daily communication.Item An assessment of language choice in the contemporary Tanzanian music(The College of Business Education Tanzania., 2018) Mtallo, Godson. M; Msoffe, Modesta. J.This study presents an assessment of language choice in the contemporary Tanzanian music. The study was guided by three objectives namely; to assess language trend in the Tanzanian music as from 1980s up to now, to investigate the factors for language choice as well as finding the impact of language choice in music to Tanzanian society. The study was conducted in Dar es Salaam city and Same district in Kilimanjaro region involving musicians, producers and distributors of Tanzanian music. Tools employed in collecting data for this study were interviews and questionnaires comprising of closed and open-ended questions as well as the documentary review. The analysis of data was mainly descriptive and comparative. The findings of the study revealed that the contemporary Tanzanian music employ code switching done in two languages Kiswahili and English and in rare cases the switch is between Kiswahili and ethnic community languages. Lexical borrowing from English and the use of non-standard Kiswahili in the songs’ lyrics were also evident.Item Hybrid identities of development studies in Tanzania(OpenEdition, 2022-12-01) Tiina Kontinen; Rehema Kilonzo; Colman Msoka; Ajali NguyahambiThis article addresses identities, hierarchies of knowledge and power relations in academia in postcolonial settings, in the context of development studies in Tanzania. Based on literatures on organizational identity and postcolonial hybridity, it establishes a conceptual lens of hybrid identity, scrutinizing how the identity of the discipline of development studies is constructed. Based on analysis of interviews with staff in development studies, we identify four relationships where differences and asymmetries were articulated: with other disciplines, with past development studies, with global theorizing on development, and with partners in the global North. We conclude in discussing how acknowledging multiple relationships and ambivalent knowledge hierarchies can make room for hybrid identities that can produce new ways of producing knowledge in development studies.Item Matamshi na tahajia ya istilahi mkopo za Kiingereza katika Kiswahili: Mifano kutoka istilahi za sayansi ikisiri(The University of Dar es Salaam, 2022) Philipo, Zabron T.Lengo la makala haya ni kuonesha ruwaza ya matamshi na tahajia ya Istilahi Mkopo (kuanzia sasa IM) za Kiingereza zinazoingizwa katika Kiswahili. Mtazamo wa asasi zinazohusika na uundaji istilahi kama vile Baraza la Kiswahili Tanzania (BAKITA) na Taasisi ya Taaluma za Kiswahili (TATAKI) kuhusu matamshi na tahajia ya IM unaonesha kuwa IM zenye matamshi kama yalivyo katika Kiswahili na kuwa na tahajia ya IM zenye muundo wa maandishi kama ilivyo katika Kiingereza. Data na hoja zilizowasilishwa katika makala hii zimetokana na hojaji, usaili na upitiaji nyaraka[1]. Hivyo, data hizo zinadhihirisha kuwa kuna uhalali wa kuangalia upya ruwaza ya matamshi na tahajia ya IM za Kiingereza katika Kiswahili. Makala haya yanabainisha kuwa IM ziwe na ruwaza ya matamshi kama ilivyo katika Kiingereza. Kwa mfano, - /haidrojeni/ na tahajia iwe ni ile ya muundo wa matamshi badala ya ule wa maandishi. Kwa mfano, - *. Makala yanatoa mwongozo wa matamshi na tahajia ya IM katika Kiswahili.Item Ruwaza ya istilahi ambatani katika kiswahili: Mifano kutoka istilahi mkopo za sayansi(The University of Dar es Salaam, 2020) Philipo, Zabroni T.Kutokana na mkanganyiko wa ruwaza ya ‘istilahi ambatani’ (IA) uliopo baina ya watumiaji istilahi hizo na asasi zenye dhamana ya uundaji istilahi za Kiswahili, makala haya yameonesha ruwaza ya IA katika Kiswahili. Mbinu zilizotumika kupata data na hoja zilizowasilishwa katika makala haya ni udodosaji, usaili, na mapitio ya nyaraka1. Hivyo, mkanganyiko huo, unashadidia kuwa kuna uhalali wa kuangalia upya ruwaza ya IA katika Kiswahili. Makala haya yamebainisha kuwa ruwaza ya IA katika Kiswahili zenye elementi za sayansi, zifuate ruwaza inayozingatia kanuni za sayansi, ilhali istilahi ambatani za kawaida, zifuate mpangilio unaoongozwa na kanuni za sintaksia ya Kiswahili. Kwa kifupi, makala yanatoa mwongozo wa ruwaza za IA katika Kiswahili.Item Tofauti baina ya Vivumishi na Vibainishi katika Lugha ya Kiswahili(The University of Dar es Salaam, 2017) Philipo, Zabron T.Nia ya makala hii ni kuonyesha tofauti ya dhana ‘kivumishi’ na ‘kibainishi’ katika lugha ya Kiswahili. Wanaisimu wengi, kwa kutumia mtazamo wa kimapokeo, wamekuwa wakichanganya dhana hizi mbili katika lugha hii ambapo vibainishi vimekuwa vikiwekwa kwenye ‘kapu’ moja na vivumishi. Kutokana na kuwapo kwa utata huo, makala hii inazitalii dhana hizi mbili ili kujaribu kuondoa au kupunguza utata unaowakabili wanaisimu katika kuzipambanua dhana hizi katika lugha ya Kiswahili. Mbinu ya udurusu wa nyaraka ilitumika kupata data za makala hii1. Mtazamo wa kisasa katika kuainisha tofauti baina ya vivumishi na vibainishi ulitumika. Mtazamo huu unasisitiza kutumia kigezo cha kisintaksia kupambanua aina hizi za maneno kwa kuzingatia: mosi, mtawanyiko wake, pili, dhima kisarufi, na tatu, mnyambuliko wa aina hizi za maneno. Aidha, makala hii inapendekeza vigezo na namna nyingine za kuainisha vibainishi na vivumishi katika lugha ya Kiswahili.Item Mdhihiriko wa kionjo cha usangwini kwa mhusika Willy Gamba katika riwaya ya Njama(The University of Dar es Salaam, 2020) Ponera, Athumani S.; Kasiga, Gerevaz. A.Maudhui ya kazi za kifasihi hufika kwa hadhira kupitia wahusika. Watunzi huwajenga wahusika hao kwa kutumia mbinu mbalimbali huku wakiwavisha haiba na mujukumu ambayo, aghalabu, huendana na vionjo maalumu vya haiba (psychological temperaments). Shabaha ya makala hii ni kufafanua namna ambavyo sifa na majukumu ya mhusika wa kazi za kifasihi huendana na vionjo vya kihaiba anavyojengwa navyo. Ufafanuzi wetu unaegemezwa kwenye uhusika wa Willy Gamba katika riwaya ya Njama. Tunaonesha namna anavyotekeleza majukumu yake kwa kuongozwa na sifa za kionjo cha usangwini ambacho ni mojawapo ya vionjo vikuu vinne vya kihaiba.Item Filamu ya Kiswahili: Fasihi simulizi iliyostawi(Moi University Press, 2019) Kasiga, Gerevaz. A.; Luhwago, Neema. J.Makala haya yanaijadili sanaa ya filamu za Kiswahili kama fasihi simulizi iliyopevuka na kuchukua mkondo wa kiteknnlojia kutokana na utegemezi wake wa nyenze katika utambaji. Hadhi ya kisanaa ya filamu imetazamwa kwa namna inayoonesha kujitokezea kwake kupitia umbo na wajihi wa kifasihi.Item Dhima ya sadfa ya kimapenzi katika kujenga matukio ya ‘kishushushu’ na ‘kijasusi’: uchunguzi wa riwaya ya kikosi cha kisasi(The University of Dar es Salaam, 2022) Kasiga, Gerevaz. A.; Maffa, Eliamini MShabaha ya makala haya ni kufafanua matumizi ya sadfa ya kimapenzi katika kuwasaidia watunzi kujenga tungo mbalimbali za kisanaa na kutimiza au kukamilisha uwasilishaji wa matukio ya kishushushu na kijasusi. Ufafanuzi wetu umemakinikia riwaya ya Kikosi cha Kisasi ya mwandishi Aristablus Elvis Musiba. Sadfa ni hali ya utokeaji wa matukio kwa wakati mmoja kwa namna inayoshangaza au inayoashiria bahati. Hii ni miongoni mwa mbinu zinazotumiwa na watunzi katika kuzijenga na kuzikamilisha tungo zao (Wamitila, 2003; Dannenberg, 2008). Mara nyingi watunzi wa kazi za kifasihi huitumia mbinu hii sambamba na mbinu nyingine katika kufanikisha azma ya tungo hizo. Mbinu hizo nyingine zaweza kuhusisha uhalisiajabu, utanzia, ufutuhi, na usemezano. Kazi ya kifahisi hujengwa kwa kutumia mbinu mbalimbali za kisanaa zinazoafikiana na lengo pamoja na aina ya kazi ya kifasihi inayowasilishwa. Sadfa ni mojawapo ya mbinu hizo za kisanaa ambayo hutumiwa na watunzi kuibua, kujenga na kukamilisha azma ya tungo zao. Katika mjadala wa makala haya tumeonesha namna sadfa ya kimapenzi ilivyotumika kwenye miktadha ya kutiana moyo wa kufanikisha kazi ya kishushushu na kijasusi; kuleta urahisi wa ufanikishwaji wa kazi ya kishushushu na kijasusi; kusaidia uokozi na uchocheaji kisasi; na mwishowe kusababisha uvumbuzi wa taarifa muhimu za kijasusi pamoja na ukamilishwaji wa operesheni za kijasusi. Katika riwaya teule mwandishi ameitumia mbinu hii kupitia mahusiano ya kimapenzi baina ya mhusika wake mkuu Willy Gamba (mwanamume) pamoja na wahusika wasaidizi (mabinti) Amanda, Ntumba, Mwadi na Tete.
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